Kodi Chakudya Chathu Tikuchitani?

ANTHU anayamba kale kukhala ndi maganizo osintha chakudya m’njira zina ndi zina. Kwenikweni, kwa zaka zambiri anthu akhala akuchita maluso osiyanasiyana osinthira zakudya. Njira zapamwamba zaulimi zapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yambiri yatsopano ya mbewu, ng’ombe ndiponso nkhosa. Inde, mpake kuti nthumwi ya bungwe la ku America loyang’anira zakudya ndiponso mankhwala la U.S. Food and Drug Administration inanena kuti: “Pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse chimene timagula chinasinthidwa mwa njira inayake ya zaulimi.”

Zakudya samazisintha m’njira ya zaulimi yokha ayi. Makampani opanga zakudya atulukira njira zambiri zosinthira ndiponso kukonza chakudya, mwina pofuna kuti chikhale chokoma kapena chamtundu wina kapenanso kuti chikhale chofanana, kenaka n’kuchisunga. Anthu angozoloŵera kudya chakudya chimene chasinthidwapo kanthu kenakake.

Koma anthu ambiri ogula zakudyazi ayamba kuda nkhaŵa chifukwa cha mmene chakudya chathu akuchisinthira. N’chifukwa chiyani anthuŵa akuda nkhaŵa? Ena akuda nkhaŵa chifukwa chakuti njira zamakono zimene akugwiritsa ntchito pakali pano zikuipitsa chakudyachi. Kodi anthuŵa akuda nkhaŵa pa zifukwa zomveka? Tiyeni tione mbali zitatu zimene zikudetsa anthu nkhaŵa. *

Mankhwala Okulitsa Ndiponso Ochizira Matenda Ena

Kuyambira cha m’ma 1950, m’madera ena anthu akhala akusakaniza chakudya cha nkhuku, nkhumba ndiponso ng’ombe ndi mankhwala ochepa ochizira matenda ena ake a ziŵetozi. Cholinga chawo chinali chofuna kuchepetsa matendawo, makamaka kumene amasunga ziŵeto zambiri m’khola laling’ono. M’mayiko ena m’chakudya cha ziŵeto amaikamo mankhwala okulitsa n’cholinga choti ziŵetozo zikule mofulumira. Akuti mankhwala okulitsa ndiponso ochizira matenda ena ake amateteza ziŵeto ku  matenda opatsirana ndiponso amapangitsa kuti ulimiwu ukhale wopindulitsa kwambiri komanso wothandiza anthu ogula zinthuzo chifukwa zimakhala zotsika mtengo.

Izi zikuoneka ngati n’zomveka ndithu. Koma kodi nyama ya ziŵeto zimene zimapatsidwa chakudya cha mankhwalaŵa imakhala ndi zinthu zoopsa zilizonse kwa munthu amene angaidye. Bungwe loona za chuma ndiponso chikhalidwe cha anthu ku Ulaya lotchedwa Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities linapeza kuti n’zotheka kuti tizilombo tina topereka matenda ku ziŵeto sitingafe chifukwa cha mankhwalaŵa ndipo potero tingaloŵenso m’thupi mwa munthu amene wadya nyama anagulayo. Bungweli linati, “Tizilombo tina totere, monga timene timapezeka m’nyama yaiŵisi ndiponso timene timatha kusiya poizoni wake m’nyama yosapsa kwenikweni, tingathe kuwadwalitsa kwambiri anthu kudzera m’nyamayo.” Komanso bwanji ngati kuphatikiza pa tizilomboto nyamayo itakhalanso ndi timankhwala tina tochizira matenda ena ake? Anthu akuti akuda nkhaŵa kuti mwina pamapeto pake, majeremusi amene amawadwalitsa angayambe kumakanika kufa ndi mankhwala ochizira matenda ena.

Nanga bwanji za nyama ya ziweto zodya mankhwala okulitsa? Pulofesa wina wotchedwa Dr. Heinrich Karg, wa mumzinda wa Munich, m’dziko la Germany ananenapo kuti: “Akatswiri onse amavomereza kuti nyama ya chiŵeto chimene chinakula chifukwa chodya mankhwala okulitsa siidwalitsa malinga ngati mankhwalawo aikidwa mogwirizana ndi malangizo ake.” Komabe pankhani ya kusakayikitsa kwa nyama yotere, nyuzipepala ina yotchedwa Die Woche inanena kuti “kwa zaka 15, ofufuza akhala akulephera kugwirizana pa mfundo imodzi.” Ndipo ku France anakaniratu kwamtuwagalu kuti nyama zizidya mankhwala okulitsa. N’zoonekeratu apa kuti kusiyana maganizoku kudakalipo ndithu.

Zakudya Zoumikidwa ndi Moto Wamagetsi

Kuyambira mu 1916 pamene anayamba kuyesa njirayi, mayiko osachepera 39 anavomereza kutsatira njira imeneyi youmika zakudya ndi moto wamagetsi wosatentha kwambiri, poumitsa zakudya monga mbatata, chimanga, zipatso ndiponso nyama. N’chifukwa chiyani akugwiritsa ntchito njirayi? Akuti njirayi imapha tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndipo potero munthu sadwala kaŵirikaŵiri matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudyazi. Chakudyacho chimathanso kusungidwa nthaŵi yaitali chisanawonongeke.

Inde, akatswiri amati ndibwino kwambiri kuti chakudya chimene timadya chizikhala choyera ndiponso osati chakale. Koma kodi ndani angakhalire kumangokonza chakudya chatsopano nthaŵi zonse? Magazini yotchedwa Test inanena kuti kaŵirikaŵiri anthu amathera “mphindi 10 pa chakudya cha m’maŵa ndipo mphindi 15 pa chakudya cha masana kapena chamadzulo.” Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri amakonda chakudya chimene chakonzedwa kale ndiponso chimene chimakhalitsa. Koma kodi chakudya choumikidwa ndi moto wamagetsi n’chabwino?

M’chaka cha 1999 bungwe la World Health Organization linatulutsa kafukufuku amene anachitidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri padziko lonse. Iwo ananena kuti chakudya choumikidwa motere “n’chabwino ndiponso n’chopatsa thanzi.” Anthu ogwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi amayerekezera kuumitsa chakudya motere ndi kupha majeremusi pa mabandeji a kuchipatala chifukwa amagwiritsanso moto wa magetsi womwewu. Kapena amayerekezeranso ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chounikira katundu yemwe mwanyamula pa bwalo la ndege. Komabe otsutsa njirayi amaumirira kunena kuti kuumitsa chakudya kumachiwononga ndipo kungathe kubweretsa matenda amene pakali pano sanawatulukire.

Zakudya Zosinthidwa Chibadwa

Kwa kanthaŵi ndithu akatswiri a za chibadwa cha zinthu akhala akutha kusamutsa mphamvu inayake yachibadwa ya m’chinthu chamoyo n’kuiika m’chamoyo china cha mtundu womwewo. Komano masiku ano akatswiriŵa akutha kuchita zoposa pamenepa. Mwachitsanzo, pali mtundu wina wa mabulosi ndiponso tomato amene amusintha poikamo mphamvu inayake ya chibadwa cha nsomba n’kupangitsa kuti asamawonongeke chifukwa chozizira kwambiri.

Anthu anena zinthu zambiri poyamikira  ndiponso potsutsa umisiri wosintha chibadwa cha zakudya. Anthu ogwirizana nazo amati umisiri umenewu ndi woposa ulimi wamba chifukwa n’ngwodalirika ndiponso n’ngwosavuta kusintha ngati zinthu zalakwika motero ukhoza kuchulukitsa zokolola ndipo ukhozanso kuchepetsa njala. Koma kodi zakudya zosinthidwa chibadwa n’zosakayikitsa kuzidya?

Gulu la asayansi omwe anali nthumwi za sukulu zapamwamba zosiyanasiyana za ku England ndi ku United States komanso ku Brazil, China, India, Mexico ndiponso mayiko ena osatukuka ndilo linalemba lipoti lokhudza nkhaniyi. Lipotili analilemba m’mwezi wa July m’chaka cha 2000, ndipo linati: “Tikunena pano, anthu akhala akudzala mbewu zotere malo okwana mahekitala oposa mamiliyoni 30 [maekala okwana mamiliyoni 70] koma palibe munthu aliyense amene anadwalapo chifukwa cha mbewu zimenezi, kapena chifukwa cha zakudya zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbewuzi.” Kumadera ena zakudya zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu zoterezi amaziona kuti n’zosakayikitsa monga zakudya zina zonse.

Komabe kumadera enanso anthu amazikayikira kwambiri. Anthu ena ku Austria, Britain ndiponso France sazikhulupirira zakudya zotere. Ponena za nkhani ya zakudya zotere, wandale wina wa chidatchi anati: “Ilipo mitundu ina ya zakudya za mtunduwu imene sitimaikonda ngakhale pang’ono.” Anthu amene sagwirizana ndi zakudya zotere amatinso kutero n’kuphwanya malamulo a mmene zinthu zinalengedwera ndiponso amati mwina malo angawonongeke.

Asayansi ena amaona kuti zakudya zosinthidwa chibadwa zangoyamba kumene, choncho pakufunika kuyesanso zinthu zina kuti adziŵe ngati zakudyazi zingathe kudwalitsa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe lina la zamankhwala la British Medical Association likuona kuti anthu angapindule ndithu ndi kusintha chibadwa cha mbewu. Koma bungweli linatchulapo mbali zina zodetsa nkhaŵa, monga kuti anthu ena zakudya zamtunduwu zingawaŵenge, ndipo pachifukwa chimenechi linati “pakufunika kuti anthu afufuzenso mbali zina ndi zina.”

Kusankha Zakudya Zanu Mosamala

M’mayiko ena zakudya zambiri zimene anthu amadya zimayamba zakonzedwanso kaye kufakitale. Nthaŵi zambiri amawonjezera zinthu zina ku zakudyazo n’cholinga chakuti zonse zikhale zokoma ndiponso zamtundu wofanana, komanso kuti zikhale nthaŵi yaitali zisanawonongeke. Kwenikweni, buku lina linanena kuti “zakudya zambiri zamakono, monga chakudya chosanenepetsa kwambiri, chakudya chongosangalatsa mkamwa ndi zakudya zina zokonzakonza, sizingakhalepo popanda kuwonjezerako zinthu zina zokometsera.” N’kuthekanso kwambiri kuti zakudya zoterezi amaziika zokometsera zimene zachokera kuzakudya zimene azisintha chibadwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri padziko lonse ulimi wakhala ukudalira njira zimene anthu ambiri amaziona kuti n’zowononga. Chitsanzo chimodzi chabe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a poizoni ophera tizilombo. Komanso makampani opanga zakudya, kwa nthaŵi yaitali akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zokometsera zimene mwina  zadwalitsa anthu ena. Kodi njira za umisiri zatsopanozi n’zoopsa kwambiri kuposa njira zakalezi? Ngakhale akatswiri enieni sangavomereze zimenezi. Kwenikweni, asayansi osiyanasiyana akutchula mfundo zomveka ndithu zimene zili zotsutsana ndipo zikuoneka ngati zikungothandizira kulepheretsa anthu kuti asamange mfundo imodzi.

Anthu ambiri masiku ano amaona kuti sayenera kuda nkhaŵa ndi nkhaniyi, chifukwa chakuti amaona kuti n’zosatheka kupeŵa zakudya zotere kapenanso amaona kuti pali zinthu zina zoyenera kuziganizira zofunika kwambiri kuposa zimenezi. Komabe ena zikuwadetsa nkhaŵa ndithu. Kodi mungatani ngati inuyo ndi a m’banja mwanu mukukayikira zakudya zimene mukuona ngati zaipitsidwa kwambiri ndi umisiri wamakonowu? Pali njira zothandiza zimene mungachite, ndipo zina tazifotokoza mu nkhani yotsatira. Koma choyamba, ndibwino kutsimikiza kuti tikuiona nkhaniyi moyenerera.

Chakudya chabwino chili ngati thanzi labwino. Pakalipano palibe njira imene tingakhalire a thanzi langwiro. Malinga ndi zimene magazini ya ku Germany yotchedwa natur & kosmos inanena, akuti ngakhale anthu amene amadziŵika kuti amasamala kwambiri posankha ndiponso pokonza chakudya, nthaŵi zonse amaganiza kusankha chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Chimene chingakhale chabwino kwa munthu wina chingathe kum’dwalitsa munthu wina. Ndiye pamenepa kodi si bwino kuona zinthu moyenerera n’kupeŵa kuchita zinthu monyanyira?

Inde, Baibulo silitiuza zochita pankhani ya zakudya zamasiku anozi zopangidwa ndi zinthu zaumisiri wamakono. Koma limatiphunzitsa za khalidwe loyenera kulikulitsa limene lingatithandize pankhaniyi. Lemba la Afilipi 4:5 limati: “Kufatsa kwanu kuzindikirike ndi anthu onse.” Kufatsa kungatithandize kuganiza mofatsa n’kupeŵa kuchita zinthu monyanyira. Kungatithandize kupeŵa kulamula ena zimene ayenera kuchita kapena kusachita pankhaniyi. Ndiponso kungatithandize kupeŵa mikangano yotigaŵanitsa ndi anthu amene akuganiza mosiyana nafe pankhaniyi.

Koma n’zoona ndithu kuti anthu sasiyana kwambiri maganizo pankhani yakuti m’zakudya mungakhale zinthu zina zambiri zoopsa. Kodi zina mwa zinthuzi n’zotani, ndipo kodi ndi zinthu zotani zimene muyenera kuchita kuti muzipeŵe?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 14]

Kodi munthu akadya nyama ya ng’ombe imene inali kudya chakudya cha mankhwala okulitsa ndiponso ochizira matenda ena ake amadwala nayo?

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Ndibwino kuŵerenga mosamala kwambiri zimene amalemba pa mapepala a zakudya

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Kukonda kugula zakudya zimene sizinakhalitse kuli ndi ubwino wake