Zimene Mungachite Kuti Chakudya Chikhale Chosakayikitsa

KODI KUDYA n’koopsa? Zimene zinapezeka popanga kafukufuku wina zingakupangitseni kuyankha kuti inde n’koopsa. Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) linati, anthu okwana pafupifupi mamiliyoni 130 amene ali kudera lina la ku Ulaya amadwala chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha chakudya cha matenda. M’chaka cha 1998, akuti ku United Kingdom kokha kunali anthu oposa 100,000 amene anadwala chifukwa cha chakudya cha matenda, ndipo anthu okwana pafupifupi 200 anamwalira. Akuti chaka chilichonse ku United States, anthu okwana mamiliyoni 76 amadwala chifukwa cha chakudya cha matenda ndipo anthu ena okwana 325,000 pagululi amawagoneka kuchipatala ndipo enanso okwana 5,000 amamwalira.

N’kovuta kudziŵa bwinobwino mmene vutoli lilili padziko lonse. Komabe bungwe la WHO linati  m’chaka cha 1998, pafupifupi anthu opitirira mamiliyoni aŵiri anamwalira chifukwa cha matenda otsekula m’mimba, ndipo pa anthuŵa panali ana opitirira miliyoni ndi theka. Bungweli linaona kuti: “Anthu ambiri pagulu la odwalaŵa akuoneka kuti anadwala chifukwa cha chakudya ndiponso madzi amatenda.”

Mwina mungaone kuti anthuŵa n’ngochuluka mochititsa nthumanzi. Koma kodi zimenezi muyenera kusoŵa nazo mtendere pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chanu chikhale chopanda matenda? Osati kwenikweni. Taonani chitsanzo china ichi. Chaka chilichonse, ku Australia anthu opitirira mamiliyoni anayi amadwala chifukwa cha chakudya cha matenda, kapena kuti tsiku lililonse anthu odwala amakwana 11,500! Apatu anthuŵa akuoneka ngati ndi ochuluka zedi. Koma takhalani kaye phee muone! Pachaka, anthu a ku Australia amadya pafupifupi ka 20 biliyoni koma, zakudya zochepa kwambiri ndizo zimawadwalitsa. Kapena tinene kuti n’zokayikitsa kwambiri kuti chakudya chilichonse chimene anthuŵa amadya chingawadwalitse.

Ngakhale zili choncho, n’kutheka ndithu kuti anthuŵa angadwale chifukwa cha chakudya ndipo sizocheza ayi. Kodi n’chiyani chimene chimachititsa kuti chakudya chidwalitse anthu ndipo kodi tingatani kuti tichepetse matendaŵa?

Zimene Zimapangitsa Kuti M’chakudya Mukhale Matenda

Magazini ina imene imanena za matenda opatsirana yotchedwa Emerging Infectious Diseases inati, anthu akhoza kudwala matenda ambiri kudzera m’chakudya, ndipo matendawo akhoza kupitirira  200. Koma tizilombo timene timayambitsa matenda onsewo si tambiri ayi. Mkulu woyang’anira nkhani ya zakudya padziko lonse m’bungwe la International Food Information Service, a Dr. Ian Swadling ananena kuti pa matenda onsewo, ochuluka kwambiri amabwera chifukwa cha “ mitundu mwina yosakwana n’komwe 24 ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.” Kodi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana timene timayambitsa matenda timeneti timaloŵa bwanji m’chakudya?

Dr. Swadling analemba njira zisanu zimene nthaŵi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti munthu adwale akadya chakudya china. Zinthuzo ndizo “kudya zakudya zosaphika zimene zaloŵa matenda; kudya zakudya zokonzedwa ndi anthu amene akudwala matenda ena ake opatsirana; kuphikiratu zakudya komanso n’kungozisiya pamtunda kwa nthaŵi yaitali; zakudya zikhoza kupatsirana matenda pozikonza; kuphika zakudya zosapsa kapena kusazifunditsa mokwanira.” Ngakhale kuti zimene analembazi zingaoneke kukhala zodetsa nkhaŵa, izo n’zothandiza kwambiri. Nthaŵi zambiri matenda ochokera m’zakudya savuta kuwapeŵa. Kuti muone zimene mungachite pofuna kutsimikiza kuti chakudya chanu chili bwino, onani bokosi limene lili patsamba 8 ndi 9.

Kusankha Zinthu Moyenera

Poona kuti pali mavuto ndiponso zodetsa nkhaŵa zambiri pankhani ya zakudya, anthu ena masiku ano amangoganiza zoyesetsa kugula, kukonza ndiponso kudya zakudya zimene sizinadutse mwambiri. Ngati mukuona kuti zimenezi n’zokukomelani, funafunani m’dera lanu masitolo kapena misika imene imagulitsa zakudya zosadutsa mwambiri ndiponso zosathiridwa zina n’zina. Buku lina lothandiza ogula limati: “Anthu ambiri ogula malonda amaona kuti ndibwino kuonana ndi amene amapanga zakudyazo. Kaya n’kumisika imene imakhalapo kamodzi pamlungu [kumene amagulitsako zakudya zongobwera kumene] kapena kumalo amene zakudyazo zimachokera, n’cholinga chakuti muzigule zisanakhalitse ndiponso kuti muone mmene amalimira zakudyazo ndi kumene zimachokera.” Kuchita zimenezi kungathandize pofuna kugula nyama.

Mofananamo, mwina ndibwino kwambiri kugula  zakudya zakwanuko m’nyengo yake ya zakudyazo, chifukwa chakuti zingakhale zisanadutse mwambiri. Komabe dziŵani kuti ngati mutaumirira kutsatira njira imeneyi, simungathe kudya zipatso ndiponso ndiwo zamasamba zosiyanasiyana m’chaka chonsecho.

Kodi ndibwino kuti muzidya zakudya zongothira manyowa? Izo n’zoyenera kudzisankhira panokha. Anthu ambiri amakonda kwambiri zakudya zotere, ndipo mosakayikira ena amatero chifukwa chakuti sakukhulupiriranso umisiri wamakono umene amaugwiritsa ntchito m’makampani opanga zakudya. Koma si anthu onse amene amavomereza kuti ulimi wongothira manyowa umabweretsa chakudya chabwinopo.

Kaya mumakonda zakudya zotani, onetsetsani zimene mumagula. Nyuzipepala ina yotuluka kamodzi pamlungu yotchedwa Die Zeit, inalemba madandaulo a katswiri wina akuti, “Anthu akamafuna kugula chakudya, amangoganiza za mtengo wakewo basi.” Inde ndibwino ndithu kuona kaye m’thumba, koma muzionanso zimene asakaniza m’chakudyacho. Akuti pafupifupi anthu okwana theka amene amagula zakudya ku mayiko a azungu saŵerenga n’komwe zimene amamata pa zakudyazo zofotokoza zinthu zopatsa thanzi zimene zili m’chakudyacho. Inde n’zoona kuti m’mayiko ena salemba zonse pa zakudyazo. Koma ngati mukufuna chakudya chosakayikitsa, yesetsani kuti muone zimene asakanizamo.

Kaya muganiza kuchita zinthu zotani pankhani ya zakudya zimene mumadya, mwina nthaŵi zina muyenera kungololela kuti mugwirizane ndi kumene mukukhala. N’zosatheka kwa anthu ambiri masiku ano kuonetsetsa kuti zakudya zawo n’zosakayikitsa ngakhale pang’ono, popeza kuti kuteroko kungawadyere ndalama zambiri, kungawachulutsire zochita, kuwawonongetsa nthaŵi ndiponso n’kovuta kwambiri.

Kodi mukuona kuti tikatero ndiye kuti mavuto amasiku anoŵa tikuwatchula mokokomeza? Komatu ndi mmenedi zinthu zilili. Komabe nkhani yabwino n’njakuti zinthu zisintha kukhala zabwino posachedwapa.

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 18]

Zinthu Zimene Mungachite

▪ Sambani. Musanakonze chakudya china chilichonse muzionetsetsa kuti mwasamba m’manja mwanu m’madzi otentha a sopo. Nthaŵi zonse muzisamba m’manja mukachokera kuchimbudzi, mukatha kum’konza mwana wakhanda kuti aoneke waukhondo (monga kum’sintha theŵera kapena kum’chotsa mamina), kapenanso mukagwira chiŵeto china chilichonse ngakhalenso cha m’nyumba chomwe. Tsukani zipangizo zilizonse, monga zoduliramo zinthu ndi madzi otentha a sopo mukatha kukonza chakudya chilichonse, makamaka mukaduliramo nyama ya ng’ombe kapena ya nkhuku, kapenanso nsomba. Pofuna kuchotsa tizilombo ndiponso zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, magazini yotchedwa Test imati, “Tsukani zipatso ndiponso ndiwo zamasamba ndi madzi ofunda.” Nthaŵi zambiri njira yabwino kwambiri yotsukira zakudya ndiyo kuzisenda ndiponso kuziŵiritsa. Zikakhala ndiwo monga letesi kapena kabichi, muyenera kuzichotsa masamba apamwamba n’kuwataya.

▪ Phikani kuti zipse kwambiri. Ngati moto utachuluka kwambiri pophika zakudya, ngakhale kwa nthaŵi yochepa, tizilombo tonse toyambitsa matenda timafa. Koma pophika nyama ya nkhuku moto uyenera kuchuluka kuposa zakudya zina. Potenthetsa zakudya, zakudyazo ziyenera kutentha kwambiri kapena ziyenera kuchita nthunzi. Musadye nyama ya nkhuku imene ikuoneka timagazi m’kati mwake, mazira amene sanapsetse, kapena nsomba imene idakali yolimba chifukwa chakuti n’njosapsa kapena kuti imene siingatheke kuinyema bwinobwino.

▪ Musaphatikize zakudya. Nthaŵi zonse mukamagula, kudula ndiponso kuphika nyama ya ng’ombe, ya nkhuku kapena nsomba musamaziphatikize ndi zakudya zina. Musalole kuti madzi ake adontherane kapena kuti adonthere pa zakudya zina. Komanso musamaike chakudya chophika m’mbale mmene munali nyama, nsomba, kapena nkhuku yaiŵisi, pokhapokha ngati mbaleyo mwaitsuka kwambiri ndi madzi amoto a sopo.

▪ Sungani bwino chakudya ndi kuchiika m’malo ozizira bwino. Firiji imatha kulepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tiswane, komabe iyenera kuzizira mosati madzi n’kuundana. Mbali yake yozizira kwambiri izizira mwakuti madzi angathe kuundana mwamsanga zedi. Zakudya zoŵonongeka msanga zizikhala pamtunda kwa maola aŵiri okha. Ngati mukuika chakudya pa tebulo nthaŵi yakudya isanakwane, muyenera kuvundikira mbalezo kuchitira kuti ntchentche zisaterepo.

▪ Samalani mukamadya kumalesitilanti. Akuti m’mayiko otukuka pafupifupi anthu 60 kapena mpaka 80 pa anthu 100 alionse amene amadwala chifukwa cha chakudya cha matenda amakhala atadya zakudya zochita kugula zimene anaphika kwina osati panyumba pawo. Tsimikizirani kuti lesitilanti ina iliyonse imene mukupita kukadyako imatsatira malamulo onse a boma aukhondo. Itanitsani nyama imene yaphikidwa bwinobwino. Zikakhala zakudya zokadyera kwina, muzionetsetsa kuti mwazidya pasanathe maola aŵiri kuchokera pamene mwazigula. Ngati nthaŵi yapitirira pamenepo, muyenera kufunditsa zakudyazo ndi moto wambiri.

▪ Tayani chakudya chokayikitsa. Ngati mukukayikira kuti chakudya chinachake si chabwino, ndibwino kungochitaya basi. Inde n’zoona kuti si bwino kuwononga chakudya chabwino. Komabe kudwala chifukwa cha chakudya choipa kungawonongetse zinthu zochuluka kuposa zimenezo.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

—Mfundo zambiri tazitenga mu Food Safety Tips, [Malangizo a Kasamalidwe ka Chakudya] omwe anaperekedwa ndi bungwe la Food Safety Technology Council, ku United Sates.