Kupeza Malo Amene Angamati Ndiye Kwawo

“Kwanu n’kwanu kungaipe bwanji.”—Ananena zimenezi ndi John Howard Payne.

POYAMBA kunabuka nkhondo, nkhondo imene sinathe. Kenaka kunagwa chilala, chilala cholapitsa. Chilalacho chitangotha kunakhala njala. Ndipo anthu sakanachitiranso mwina koma kuchoka m’nyumba zawo kukafunafuna kumene angapeze madzi, chakudya, ndiponso ntchito.

Anthu ochuluka kwambiri anakafika kumalire a dzikolo. Koma chifukwa chakuti m’zaka zochepa zapitazo anthu ochuluka othaŵa kwawo anali ataloŵa kale m’dziko loyandikana nalolo, dzikoli linakana kulandiranso ena. Apolisi oyang’anira malire a dzikolo anali ndi ndodo m’manja kuti pasapezeke munthu wooloka malirewo.

Mkulu wina woyang’anira za anthu oloŵa m’dzikolo ananena mosapsatira mawu chifukwa chimene amaletsera anthu ambirimbiri othaŵa nkhondo kuloŵa m’dzikolo. Iye anati: “Salipira misonkho. Amawononga misewu. Amadula mitengo. Amatha madzi. Ayi ndithu takana; othaŵa nkhondo atikwana.” *

Zinthu zomvetsa chisonizi zafala kwambiri. Anthu othamangitsidwa kwawo amapeza kuti n’kovuta kwambiri kupeza malo amene angamati ndiye kwawo. Lipoti laposachedwapa la bungwe loona zamtendere lotchedwa Amnesty International linati: “Pamene anthu othaŵa kwawo akuchuluka, mayiko osafuna kulandira anthuŵa akuchulukanso.”

Amwayi amene amatha kukafikadi ku kampu ya anthu othaŵa kwawo mwina amatha kupeza malo ongoti angokhala ndi moyo, koma sangafanane ndi kunyumba ayi. Ndipo moyo wa mukampuwo umakhala wovuta kwambiri.

Moyo wa M’makampu a Anthu Othaŵa Kwawo

Munthu wina wothaŵa kwawo wa mu Africa anadandaula kuti “Mungathe kufera [kwanu] poomberedwa, koma kuno [ku kampu ya othaŵa nkhondo] ana anu amafa ndi njala.” Monga mmene bambo wothedwa nzeru ameneyu anaonera, makampu ambiri sakhala ndi chakudya ngakhalenso madzi okwanira ndiponso amakhala auve wadzaoneni komanso anthu amasoŵa pokhala. Zifukwa zake n’zachidziŵikire. Mayiko osauka amene amalandira othaŵa nkhondo ambirimbiri mosakonzekera, amakhala kuti akuvutika kale n’kungodyetsa chabe nzika zawo. Motero sangathe kuthandiza kwenikweni anthu ambirimbiri amene amangotulukira m’dziko lawolo mwadzidzidzi. Ndipo mayiko olemera amenenso amakhala ndi mavuto awo, safuna kuthandiza mayiko ena amene akuthandiza anthu ambirimbiri othaŵa kwawo.

Anthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni atathaŵa m’dziko lina la mu Africa m’chaka cha 1994, makampu awo amene anawamanga mwamsangamsanga analibiretu madzi ndiponso zinthu zaukhondo. Mapeto ake kunagwa mliri wa matenda a kolera umene unapha anthu ambiri asanafike pouthetsa mliriwo. Chinaipitsanso zinthu kwambiri n’chakuti asilikali ena analoŵerera m’gulu la anthu wamba ndipo anayamba kulamulira ntchito yogaŵa thandizo kwa anthu othaŵawo. Sikuti vuto limeneli linangochitika m’dziko lokhali ayi. Lipoti lina la bungwe la United Nations linati “Kupezeka kwa asilikali pakati pa anthu othaŵa nkhondo kwabweretsa mavuto ochuluka kwa anthu wamba. Kwachititsa kuti azikhala mwamantha, azizunzidwa ndiponso kukakamizidwa kukhala asilikali.”

Anthu a m’dzikolo angathenso kuvutika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu othaŵa kwawo amene akusoŵa chakudya. Akuluakulu ena a m’mayiko a mu Africa okhala M’chigawo cha Nyanja Zikuluzikulu anadandaula kuti: “[Othaŵa nkhondo] atiwonongera chakudya chathu, minda yathu, ng’ombe zathu, malo athu osungirako zinyama, adzetsa chilala ndiponso afalitsa miliri . . . [Iwowo] amalandira chakudya chaulere pamene ife sitilandira chilichonse.”

 Komabe, vuto limene limabutsa mikangano kwambiri n’lakuti makampu ambiri a anthu othaŵa kwawo amadzasanduka midzi yokhazikika pamapeto pake. Mwachitsanzo, m’dziko lina la m’chigawo cha mayiko a aluya chotchedwa Middle East, othaŵa nkhondo pafupifupi 200,000 anawapanikiza m’kampu ina imene anaimanga n’cholinga choti muzikhala anthu 50,000 basi. M’modzi wa anthuwo anadandaula kuti “Tilibe kopita.” Anthu othaŵa nkhondo amene avutika kwa nthaŵi yaitaliŵa amawaletseratu kuti azigwira ntchito m’mayiko amene anathaŵira, motero akuti ambiri amangokhala kapena amangogwira timaganyu tosapindulitsa kwenikweni. Mkulu wina woyang’anira anthu othaŵa kwawo anati, “Kunena zoona, ineyo sindikudziŵa kuti kaya [iwo] amadzipezera bwanji chakudya ndi zovala.”

Koma ngati anthu okhala m’makampu a othaŵa kwawo amapeza mavuto otere, ndiye kuti mavuto a anthu amene sangathe n’komwe kuthaŵa m’dziko lawolo n’ngosasimbika.

Mavuto Osamutsidwa Kwanu

Malingana ndi zimene linanena bungwe la anthu othaŵa kwawo la United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, akuti “vutoli n’lalikulu ndipo likuvutitsa anthu ambiri komanso likusokoneza mtendere ndi bata padziko lonse motero silinasiye malo padzikoli.” Pa zifukwa zambiri, anthu osoŵa pokhala ameneŵa nthaŵi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto ambiri koposa anthu othaŵa kwawo.

Palibe bungwe lililonse lapadziko lonse limene limaona zamavuto a anthu osamutsidwa kwawo, ndipo vuto lawoli nthaŵi zambiri silifalitsidwa n’komwe. N’kutheka kuti mayiko amene anthuŵa amakhala, ali m’kati mwankhondo ya mtundu winawake, motero mwina sangafune kapenanso sangathe n’komwe kuwateteza anthuwo. Nthaŵi zambiri mabanja amatayana akamathaŵa nkhondo. Chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri otere amayenda wapansi, ena amafera m’njira ali paulendo wopita kwinakwake kosaopsa kwenikweni.

Ambiri mwa anthu otere amakafunafuna kokhala m’mizinda, mmene amakakhala movutika zedi m’madera osauka kwambiri kapena m’nyumba zamabwinja. Ena amakhala m’chigulu m’makampu ongodikirira, kumene nthaŵi zina kumafika achifwamba okhala ndi mfuti. Nthaŵi zambiri anthu ameneŵa amafa kwambiri kuposa anthu ena onse m’dzikomo.

Nthaŵi zina, ngakhale ntchito zomwe cholinga chake n’kuchepetsa kuvutika kwa anthu otere siziyenda bwino. Buku lofotokoza mavuto aanthu othaŵa kwawo padziko lonse la The State of the World’s Refugees 2000 linati: “M’zaka khumi zapitazi, kuyambira mu 1990, mabungwe amene akugwira ntchito zothandiza anthu m’mayiko amene muli nkhondo anapulumutsa anthu ambiri ndipo anathandizanso kwambiri pochepetsa kuvutika kwa anthu. Komabe pa zaka khumi zimenezi, tatengapo phunziro lalikulu kwambiri lakuti panthaŵi ya nkhondo m’posavuta kuti magulu amene akumenyanawo apezerepo mwayi pa thandizo loperekedwa kwa anthu wamba ndipo mwatsoka  zimenezi zingapangitse kuti akuluakulu a magulu ozunza anthuwo azioneka ngati anthu abwino. Chinanso n’chakuti katundu wothandizira anthu ovutika pankhondo angathandize kulimbikitsa nkhondoyo kuti isathe msanga.”

Kufunafuna Moyo Wabwinopo

Kuphatikiza pa anthu othaŵa kwawo ndiponso anthu ambiri osamutsidwa n’kukakhala kwina m’dziko lomwelo, palinso anthu ochuluka zedi osamukira kwina chifukwa cha umphaŵi. Zimenezi zimachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mayiko olemera akungolemeralemerabe ndipo mayiko osauka akungosaukirasaukirabe, ndiponso mapulogalamu a pa TV amakhumbiza anthu osauka kwambiri padziko lapansi powaonetsa mmene moyo wa m’mayiko olemera umakhalira. Masiku ano kuyenda sikukuvutanso, ndipo kudutsa m’malire a mayiko kwayamba kuphweka kwambiri. Nkhondo zapachiweniweni komanso kusankhana mtundu ndiponso chipembedzo zimachititsanso kwambiri kuti anthu asamukire m’mayiko otukuka.

Koma ngakhale kuti anthu ena osamukawo, makamaka amene ali ndi achibale m’mayiko olemera, angathe kusamuka bwinobwino, ena mapeto ake amangodziika m’mavuto. Amene amakhala pavuto lalikulu kwambiri, makamaka ndi anthu amene amakafikira m’manja mwa anthu akatangale. (Onani mabokosi omwe ali m’nkhanizi.) Ndi bwino kuti banja lione bwinobwino zina mwa zovuta zimenezi lisanasamukire kwina pothaŵa umphaŵi.

M’chaka cha 1996 bwato lina lakale linatembenuzika m’nyanja yaikulu ya Mediterranean ndipo anthu 280 anamira. Anthuŵa ankasamukira ku Ulaya kuchokera ku India, Pakistan, ndi Sri Lanka ndipo ndalama zimene analipira paulendowo zinali mwina madola okwana 6000 kapena 8000. Ngozi ya bwatolo isanachitike, anali atakhala kale kwa milungu ingapo ali ndi njala, ludzu ndiponso akuzunzidwa. “Ulendo [wawo] wopita kudziko labwino” unasanduka zoopsa zimene mapeto ake anangokhala tsoka.

Pafupifupi aliyense wothaŵa kapena wosamutsidwa kwawo, kapena woloŵa m’dziko lina mosaloledwa ndi boma amakumana ndi zoopsa zimene amafotokoza. Ngakhale anthuŵa atasamutsidwa kunyumba zawo pazifukwa zina, kaya ndi nkhondoyo, kuzunzidwa, kapena umphaŵi, kuvutika kwawoko kumatipatsa mafunso akuti: Kodi vuto limeneli adzalithetsadi? Kapena kodi anthu othaŵa kwawo azingochulukabe?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

 [Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 8]

Vuto la Anthu Osamukira M’Mayiko Ena Mosaloledwa

Osaŵerengera anthu othaŵa ndiponso osamutsidwa kwawo, padziko lonse pali anthu mwina 15 miliyoni kapena 30 miliyoni “osamukira m’mayiko ena mosaloledwa.” Ambiri mwa anthuŵa ndi anthu amene amakhala n’cholinga chothaŵa umphaŵi kapenanso tsankho ndiponso kuzunzidwa posamukira m’mayiko olemera.

Popeza kuti kusamukira dziko lina mwalamulo kwayamba kuvuta masiku ano, pabuka katangale watsopano woloŵetsa anthu m’mayiko ena mozemba. Kwenikweni kuzembetsa anthu m’njira imeneyi tsopano ndi malonda amene akupindulitsa kwambiri magulu akatangale wodutsa m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. Ofufuza ena anaŵerengetsera kuti ndalama zimene amapeza pochita katangaleyu zimakwana madola 12 biliyoni pachaka ndipo sipakhala zinthu zambiri zowaopsa akatangaleŵa. Pino Arlacchi, amene ali wachiŵiri kwa mkulu wa bungwe la United Nations, ananena kuti ameneyu ndi “katangale amene akufala kwambiri padziko lonse.”

Anthu osamukira m’dziko lina mosaloledwa sangatetezedwe n’komwe ndi lamulo la m’dzikolo ndipo anthu akatangale aja amangolanda mapasipoti awo. Anthu otere mapeto ake amakagwira ntchito ku mafakitale ogwiritsa anthu ntchito yaikulu koma ndalama zochepa, amakagwira ntchito za m’makomo, zosodza, kapena zaulimi. Ena amangosanduka mahule. Akagwidwa ndi apolisi nthaŵi zambiri amangowabwezera kwawo, alibiretu ndalama. Akamakana kugwira ntchito mwakalavula gaga, amatha kuwachita zinthu zolaula kapena kuopseza mabanja awo kunyumba kuti awaonetsa zakuda.

Nthaŵi zambiri magulu akatangale otere amakopa anthu amene akufuna kusamukira kwina powalonjeza kuti kumeneko akapezako ntchito yolandira ndalama zambiri. Zikatere, banja limene lili paumphaŵi lingathe kungogulitsa katundu yense n’cholinga chotumiza munthu m’modzi wa m’banjalo ku Ulaya kapena ku America. Ngati munthu wosamukayo sangathe kudzigulira yekha zinthu zofunika paulendopo amagwirizana zoti akakafika akawagwirira ntchito akatangalewo n’kubweza ndalama zimenezi, zomwe zimatha kukwana madola 40,000. Mapeto ake ‘moyo watsopano’ umene munthuyo analonjezedwa kwenikweni umakhala ukapolo.

[Chithunzi]

Anthu othaŵira ku Spain mopanda chilolezo

 [Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 9]

Kum’lakwitsa Munthu Wabwinobwino

Banja la mtsikana wotchedwa Siri linkakhala m’dera la mapiri a Kumwera cha kum’maŵa kwa Asia, kumene makolo ake anali kulima minda yawo ya mpunga. Tsiku lina mkazi wina anauza makolo ake kuti angathe kum’pezera Siri ntchito yabwino kwambiri mumzinda. Zinali zovuta kuti akane atawauza kuti awapatsa madola 2,000, ndipotu izi ndi ndalama zochuluka zedi kwa alimi a m’madera a mapiri ameneŵa. Komabe, posakhalitsa Siri anangozindikira kuti ali m’nyumba ya mahule mmene sangathe kuthaŵamo. Eni nyumbayi anamuuza kuti ngati akufuna kudzakhalanso paufulu ayenera kuwalipira madola 8,000. Panthaŵiyi n’kuti Siri ali ndi zaka 15.

Siri sakanatha kulipira ngongole imeneyi. Anayamba kumvera zimene anali kumuuza chifukwa chom’menya ndiponso kumugwirira. Panalibenso zoti adzam’lola kupita pokhapokha atatheratu ntchito. N’zopweteka mtima kuti mahule ambiri otere amadzamasulidwa koma amangobwerera kumudzi kwawo n’kumakafa ndi matenda a AIDS.

Malonda ofanana ndi ameneŵa ayamba kuchitikanso m’madera ena apadziko lapansi. Lipoti la m’chaka cha 1999 lotchedwa International Trafficking in Women to the United States linati azimayi ndiponso ana mwina okwana 700,000 kapena 2 miliyoni chaka chilichonse amawaloŵetsa m’mayiko akunja mozemba ndipo ambiri amakachita uhule. Ena amanamizidwa, ena amangobedwa, koma onsewo amachita kuwakakamiza kugwira ntchito imeneyi iwo asakufuna. Mtsikana wina wosakwanitsa zaka 20 wa ku Eastern Europe amene anam’pulumutsa atagwidwa ndi gulu linalake la mahule analongosola za anthu amene anam’gwirawo motere: “Sindinkadziŵa nkomwe kuti zimenezi zingachitike. Anthu ameneŵa n’zinyama basi.”

Ogwidwa ena otere anatengedwa m’makampu a anthu othaŵa kwawo, chifukwa chokopeka mtima atawalonjeza kuti akapatsidwa ntchito yolandira ndalama zambiri ku Ulaya kapena ku America. Kufunafuna moyo wabwino kwaloŵetsa azimayi ambiri ukapolo wochita uhule.

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 10]

Yambani Mwaganiza Mofatsa Musanasamuke Pothaŵa Umphaŵi

Poganizira kuti pali magulu ambiri akatangale amene amazembetsa anthu komanso kuti n’kovuta kusamukira dziko lina mololedwa ndi boma, amuna okwatira ndiponso azibambo a ana awo ayenera kuganizira mofatsa mafunso otsatiraŵa asanasankhe zoti achite.

1. Kodi tili paumphaŵi waukulu zedi mwakuti wina m’banja mwathu kapena tonse tiyenera kusamukira m’dziko limene amalipira bwino?

2. Kodi tingatenge ngongole yotani kuti tipeze ndalama za paulendowu, ndipo kodi ngongoleyi tidzaibweza bwanji?

3. Kodi tingalolere kuti banja lathu ligaŵanike chifukwa cha chuma chimene sitinachione n’komwe? Anthu ambiri osamukira m’mayiko ena mosaloledwa satha kupeza ntchito yeniyeni m’mayiko otukukawo.

4. Kodi ndiyenera kukhulupirira mphekesera zakuti kunja anthu amalandira ndalama zambiri ndiponso amasamalidwa bwino? Baibulo limanena kuti “wachibwana akhulupirira mawu onse; koma wochenjera asamalira mayendedwe ake.”—Miyambo 14:15.

5. Kodi ndingatsimikizire bwanji kuti sindikudzipereka ndekha pamodzi ndi banja langa m’manja mwa gulu linalake la akatangale?

6. Ngati amene akonza ulendo umenewu si gulu linalake la akatangale, kodi ineyo ndikudziŵa bwinobwino kuti n’kutheka ndithu kuti mkazi wanga kapena mwana wanga wamkazi angathe kukam’kakamiza kugwira ntchito ya uhule?

7. Kodi ndikudziŵa bwinobwino kuti ngati n’taloŵa m’dziko linalake popanda chilolezo, n’kutheka kuti sindingakathe kuyamba ntchito yokhazikika ndipo ndingathe kukabwezedwa kwathu, motero ndalama zonse zimene ndingawononge paulendowo zingangoloŵa m’madzi?

8. Kodi ndikufuna kukakhala munthu woloŵa m’dzikolo mopanda chilolezo kapena ndikufuna kuchita zinthu mopanda chilungamo n’cholinga chofuna kuloŵa m’dziko lolemera?—Mateyu 22:21; Ahebri 13:18.

[Chithunzi/Mapu pamasamba 8, 9]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Mmene Anthu Othaŵa Kwawo Ndiponso Ogwira Ntchito Osamukira M’mayiko Ena Amayendera

Madera okhala ndi anthu ambiri othaŵa kwawo ndiponso ogwira ntchito osamukira m’mayiko ena

→ Njira zikuluzikulu zimene ogwira ntchito osamukira m’mayiko ena amadutsa

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Mabuku amene ali ndi nkhanizi: The State of the World’s Refugees; The Global Migration Crisis; World Refugee Survey 1999.

Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Munthu wosamutsidwa panyumba pake akudikira kupatsidwa malo okakhala

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

UN PHOTO 186226/M. Grafman