Anthu Akuphunzira Kwambiri Koma Sakusintha Kwenikweni

“Ngakhale kuti posachedwapa asayansi akwanitsa kuchita zinthu zochuluka kwambiri, anthu sanasinthe kwenikweni m’zaka 2000 zapitazi; motero tiyenerabe kuganizira zinthu zimene zinachitika kumbuyoku kuti tiphunzirepo kanthu.”—Kenneth Clark anatero m’buku lakuti Civilisation—A Personal View.

KUNENADI zoona asayansi akhala akuchita zinthu zambiri zotsogola kwa zaka zambirimbiri. Magazini ya Time inati zinthu zimenezi zapangitsa “anthu osaneneka m’mbuyo monsemu kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofeŵetsa moyo.” Zinthu zina zotsogolazi n’zokhudzana ndi zachipatala. Katswiri wina wa mbiri yakale dzina lake Zoé Oldenbourg ananena kuti m’zaka za m’ma 500 mpaka m’ma 1500 za nyengo yathu ino, “njira zothandizira anthu kuchipatala zinali zotsalira ndiponso zoopsa kwambiri. Madokotala ankaphetsa anthu ambiri pofuna kuwachiza.”

Nthaŵi Zambiri Anthu Safuna Kuphunzira

Nthaŵi zina anthu akhala akukana kuphunzira zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, madokotala ambiri anakana kuvomereza umboni woonekeratu wakuti m’njira inayake iwowo ndiwo anali kufalitsa matenda pakati pa anthu odwala. Choncho anaumirira kuchitabe zinthu m’njira zoopsa pomakana kusamba m’manja akathana ndi wodwala mmodzi asanapite kwa wina.

Komabe, sayansi ndiponso zinthu zaumisiri zinapitirizabe kutsogola. Munthu aliyense wanzeru zake angathe kuona kuti anthu bwenzi ataphunzirapo kanthu pa zochitika zam’mbuyomu n’kukonza dzikoli kuti anthu azikhala mosangalala ndiponso mtima uli m’malo. Koma zinthu sizinatero n’komwe.

Taganizirani mmene zinthu zinalili ku Ulaya cha m’ma 1600. Nthaŵi imeneyo ankaitchula kuti inali nyengo imene anthu anazindikira zinthu zambiri ndiponso kuganiza mwakuya. Koma zimene zinachitika n’zakuti “ngakhale kuti panthaŵiyi anthu anazamadi kwambiri pankhani zokhudza luso ndiponso sayansi, ankazunzabe anthu anzawo mwachisawawa komanso ankachitabe nkhondo zankhanza zimene sizinaonekepo n’kale lonse,” anatero Kenneth Clark.

Masiku anonso anthu sakufuna kuphunzirapo kanthu pazochitika zakumbuyoku kuti apeŵe zolakwa zimene zinachitika m’mbuyomu. Motero, zikukayikitsa kuti tikhalapo ndi moyo padziko pano. Joseph Needham yemwe amalemba nkhani zosiyanasiyana ananena kuti zinthu zafika poopsa kwambiri mwakuti ‘zomwe tingachite tsopano n’kungolakalaka ndiponso kupempherera kuti zigaŵenga zaliuma zisachite zinthu zoti n’kuphetsa zamoyo zonse padzikoli.’

Ngakhale kuti anthufe tili ndi nzeru zosaneneka ndiponso taphunzira kwambiri, kodi n’chifukwa chiyani tikuumirirabe kuchita nkhanza zoipitsitsa? Kodi panthaŵi inayake zimenezi zidzasintha? Nkhani ziŵiri zotsatirazi ziyankha mafunso ameneŵa.