Kodi Pali Njira Yothetsera Vutoli?

KODI muyenera kuchitanji ndi chinthu chomwe simukuchifuna? Yankho looneka ngati lachidule ndiponso lodziŵikiratu n’lakuti, “Kuchitaya basi.” Komatu nthaŵi zambiri kutaya zinyalala m’njira yoyenerera sikophweka. Mukazitaya kuti? Bungwe lina la ku Italy loona za chilengedwe linanena kuti botolo lagalasi likaponyedwa m’nyanja limatenga zaka 1,000 kuti liwole, pamene mapepala ofeŵa angawole m’miyezi itatu yokha. Chidutswa chotsala ku ndudu chingawononge nyanja kwa zaka zisanu; majumbo apulasitiki angawononge kwa zaka 10 mpaka 20; chovala cha nailoni chingawononge kwa zaka 30 mpaka 40; tizitini tingawononge kwa zaka 500; ndipo zinthu za poliyesita zingawononge kwa zaka 1,000.

Zinyalala zoterezi zachuluka kwambiri. Masiku ano pali katundu wankhaninkhani wogulitsidwa, ndipo otsatsa malonda amafuna kuti tizikhulupirira kuti tikufunika kukhala ndi katundu yenseyo. Nyuzipepala ya The Guardian, ya ku Britain inanena mosapita m’mbali kuti: “Otsatsa malonda amatichititsa kupeza zinthu zimene iwo amatiuza kuti n’zofunika m’moyo koma zimene sitimazifuna n’komwe m’mbuyomu.” Inde, timakopeka kugula zinthu zimene zangotuluka kumene kuopa kutsalira. Ndipotu, potsatsa malonda, akati chinthu “chatsopano” amatanthauza “chabwino ndiponso chapamwamba,” pamene akati “chakale” amatanthauza “chotchipa ndiponso chofwifwa.”

Choncho nthaŵi zambiri timalimbikitsidwa kugula chinthu chatsopano mmalo mokonzetsa chakale. Anthu amati kutaya zinthu zakale n’kupezerapo zatsopano n’kwanzeru ndiponso kumapulumutsa ndalama kusiyana ndi kuzikonzanso. Zimenezi ndi zoona nthaŵi zina. Komabe, nthaŵi zambiri kutaya chinthu chakale n’kupezerapo chatsopano kumalira ndalama zambiri ndiponso n’kosafunika kwenikweni.

Masiku ano, zinthu zambiri zikupangidwa moti zisamasungidwe zikatha ntchito yake. Zingakhale zovuta kuzikonzanso ndipo imeneyi ndi mfundo yofunika kuikumbukira pogula zinthu. Magazini ina ya ku Germany, yonena za ogula malonda, inati: “Zinthu ayamba kuzikonza kuti zisamakhalitse. Chomwe chinali ‘chapamwamba’ dzulo, pofika lero chimasanduka ‘chofwifwa’ ndipo nthaŵi zambiri chimaponyedwa kudzala. Motero tsiku ndi tsiku zinthu zabwinobwino zimasanduka zinyalala zachabechabe!”

Kodi kukonda kugulagula zinthu kumeneku kumapindulitsadi ogulawo? Kunena zoona, amapindula ndi abizinesi omwe amangofuna kupanga ndalama basi. Nyuzipepala ya mlungu uliwonse ya Die Weltwoche, ya ku Switzerland inati: “Chuma chingaloŵe pansi ngati aliyense atamagwiritsa ntchito mipando ndiponso galimoto yake kwa moyo wake wonse kapena kuŵirikiza kaŵiri mmene amazigwiritsira ntchito masiku ano.” Kuloŵa pansi kwa zachuma sikungathetse vutoli ngakhale pang’ono chifukwa chakuti zingapangitsenso ogula kukhala paulova. Ndiyeno, kodi zina mwa njira zothetsera vuto la kuchuluka kwa zinyalala ndi ziti?

Kutaya, Kukonzanso, Kapena Kuchepetsa Zinyalala?

Mayiko ena olemera apeza njira yosavuta yothetsera vutoli potaya zinyalala zawo m’mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene. Mwachitsanzo, lipoti lina linanena kuti, “pamalo ena otchuka a m’dziko la Nigeria, anapeza kuti mankhwala a poizoni olemera matani 3,500 anali kukha m’migolo yoposa 8,000 yadzimbiri, n’kumaipitsa nthaka ndi madzi apansi pa nthaka.” Zikuoneka kuti kutaya zinyalala kotereku n’kosathandiza komanso n’kusaganizira anthu ena.

Nanga bwanji za kukonzanso zinthu zotha ntchito kuti zigwirenso ntchito mmalo mongozitaya? Zimenezi zimafuna kuti ogula malonda aziika zinyalala zawo m’magulu osiyanasiyana ndipo madera ena anakhazikitsa kale malamulo otere. Boma lingapemphe kuti zinyalala ziziikidwa m’magulu monga mapepala, makatoni, zitsulo, magalasi, ndi zinyalala za nyama kapena zomera. Ndipo magalasi angaikidwenso malinga ndi mtundu wake.

N’zosachita kufunsa kuti kukonzanso zinthu zotha ntchito kuli ndi ubwino wake. Buku lakuti 5000 Days to Save the Planet limati kukonzanso aluminiyamu “kumapulumutsa mphamvu ya magetsi yochuluka kwambiri” ndipo “kungachepetse kuwononga zachilengedwe kochitika pofukula miyala yopangira aluminiyamu.” Bukuli linalongosolanso kuti: “Pokonzanso mapepala otha ntchito pamangofunika theka chabe la mphamvu ya magetsi ndiponso pamangofunika madzi ochepa chabe poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimafunika popanga mapepala atsopano. . . . Zinthu zambiri zotayidwa angathe kuzitolanso, kuzikonza ndi kuzigwiritsanso ntchito. . . . Ngakhale m’madera amene mafakitale sangagwiritsenso ntchito zipangizo zomwe athana nazo, nthaŵi zina iwo angathe kuzikonzanso kuti ena azigwiritse ntchito . . . M’dziko  la Holland, mafakitale akhala akupatsana zinthu zomwe athana nazo kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa m’ma 1970, ndipo zakhala zikuchitika popanda vuto lililonse.”

M’malo mofufuza njira zotayira zinyalala moyenerera, maboma ena akulimbikitsa zongopeŵeratu kukhala ndi zinyalala. Buku tatchula lija likuchenjeza kuti “m’pofunika kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga” ngati tikufuna kuti anthu “asiye moyo wokonda kutaya zinthu . . . ndi kuyamba moyo wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu mosamala, wosakhala ndi zinyalala zambiri komanso wosagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri.”

Komabe, anthu omwe akufuna kuti “asiye moyo wokonda kutaya zinthu” ayenera kukhala ofunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthaŵi yaitali zinthu zomwe agula, n’kuzitaya pokhapokha zikatheratu. Zinthu zomwe sizikufunika koma zoti zingagwirebe ntchito ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe angazigwiritse ntchito. Ofesi ya mu mzinda wa Darmstadt ya bungwe lina loona za chilengedwe ku Germany, la Öko-Institut, inanena kuti banja lomwe lingazoloŵere kutsatira mfundo yakuti ndi bwino “Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mmalo mowononga” lingakhale ndi zinyalala zochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe mabanja ambiri angakhale nazo.

Koma kodi mabanja ochuluka angatsatire mfundo zimenezi? N’zokayikitsa. Vuto la zinyalala lomwe anthu ali nalo n’chizindikiro chabe cha mavuto ena akuluakulu. M’dziko lokonda kutaya zinthu lamakonoli, anthu ambiri ali ndi mtima umene tingati ndi mtima wokonda kutaya zinthu. Tiyeni tikambirane za mtima umenewu, ndiponso zinthu zingapo zodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri zomwe mtima umenewu ungachititse.

Kuopsa kwa Mtima Wokonda Kutaya Zinthu

N’kosavuta kuti mtima wokonda kutaya zinthu ukule kuchoka pongokhala anthu osasamala n’kufika penapake. Mtima umenewu ungapangitse anthu kukhala osayamika ndiponso osaganiza, motero angathe kumangotaya mwachisawawa chakudya choti sanachigwire n’komwe ndi zinthu zinanso zochuluka kwambiri. Anthu odzikonda, osafuna kutsalira ndiponso onyada, nthaŵi zonse angamaone kuti ayenera kupeza zovala, mipando, ndi zinthu zina zatsopano kuti ziloŵe mmalo mwa zina zabwinobwino.

Komabe, mtima wokonda kutaya zinthu ungapitirire pamenepa. Posachedwapa, lipoti la kafukufuku wa ku Germany wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito katundu wa m’nyumba amene watayidwa, linanena kuti: “Mmene timaonera mipando ya pa balaza, yomwe timaitaya pakatha zaka zisanu kuti tigule yatsopano chifukwa sikutisangalatsanso, ndi mmenenso tayamba kuonera anthu. Funso ndi lakuti anthu angapirire zimenezi mpaka liti.” Lipotilo linafotokozanso kuti: “Munthu akangolephera kugwira bwino ntchito, amasinthidwa. Chifukwa chakuti pali antchito ambiri omwe angagwire ntchito yake!”

Al Gore, amene anali wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wa dziko la United States, anafunsa funso lofunika kwambiri m’buku lake lakuti Earth in the Balance. Funsoli n’lakuti: “Ngati tikuona zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuti n’zofunika kutaya zikatha ntchito, kodi ndi mmenenso tayamba kuonera anthu anzathu? . . . Kodi zimenezi zatiiwalitsa kuona kuti munthu aliyense payekha n’ngofunika?”

N’kosavuta kuti anthu omwe saona kuti anthu ena n’ngofunika ndiponso oyenera kuwalemekeza asiye anzawo kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi wawo, ndipo saonapo vuto lililonse. Pothirirapo ndemanga pa malingaliro a mtunduwu, nyuzipepala ya Süddeutsche Zeitung ya ku Germany, inati: “Timagula zovala zatsopano kaŵiri pachaka, galimoto yatsopano m’zaka zinayi zilizonse, ndipo timagula mipando yatsopano ya pa balaza zaka khumi zilizonse; chaka chilichonse timafuna malo atsopano ochitirako tchuthi; timasintha nyumba, ntchito,  mabizinesi—nangano n’kulekeranji kusintha mwamuna kapena mkazi wathu?”

Anthu ena masiku ano akuoneka kuti akhoza kutaya pafupifupi chinthu chilichonse akangotopa nacho. Mwachitsanzo, m’dziko lina la ku Ulaya akuti m’chaka cha 1999 amphaka 100,000 ndi agalu 96,000 anatayidwa ndi eniake. Mayi wina womenyera ufulu wa zanyama kumeneko ananena kuti anthu a m’dziko lakelo “saona chiŵeto monga chinthu choyenera kukhala nacho nthaŵi yaitali. Akhoza kugula kamwana kagalu mu September, n’kudzakathaŵa [patatha chaka akamapita kutchuthi] mu August.” Komabe choipa kwambiri n’chakuti mtima wokonda kutaya zinthu umenewu ukuwolokeranso ku moyo wa anthu.

Kusalemekeza Moyo

Zikuoneka kuti anthu ambiri masiku ano amaona kuti moyo wawo si wofunika kwenikweni. Kodi iwo amatani? Mwachitsanzo, posachedwapa magazini ina ya ku Ulaya inanena kuti m’zaka zaposachedwapa achinyamata ofuna kuchita zinthu zoopsa awonjezeka. Mtima wawo wofunitsitsa kuchita nawo maseŵera oika moyo pachiswe ukusonyeza zimenezi. N’ngofunitsitsa kuchita zinthu zomwe zingawatayitse moyo, pofuna kumva kukoma kanthaŵi kochepa basi! Abizinesi ongofuna kupanga ndalama akupezerapo mwayi pamenepa. Mjeremani wina wandale ananena kuti anthu omwe amakonza maseŵera oika moyo pachiswe “nthaŵi zambiri amaona kuti kupanga ndalama n’kofunika kwambiri kuposa thanzi ndiponso moyo wa munthu.”

Nanga bwanji za kutaya miyoyo ya ana osabadwa? Bungwe la zaumoyo padziko lonse linati “padziko lonse, mimba pafupifupi 75 miliyoni zomwe zimatengedwa pachaka sizifunidwa ndi aliyense. Kwa azimayi ambiri zomwe angachite ndi kuchotsa mimbazo basi.” Makanda sakhalabe otetezeka ngakhale pambuyo poti abadwa. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya ku Brazil ya O Estado de S. Paulo, “nkhani zokhudza makanda ongotayidwa m’misewu zikuchuluka.” Kodi ndi momwenso zilili kwanuko?

Paliponse pomwe tili m’dziko lamakonoli, timaona umboni wakuti anthu amaona moyo kukhala wotsika mtengo, wachabechabe ndiponso monga chinthu choti angathe kuchitaya nthaŵi ina iliyonse. Timaona zimenezi m’ziwawa zomwe amaonetsa m’zinthu zosangalatsa zotchuka kwambiri, momwe anthu amene amawatcha kuti amunamuna amapha miyandamiyanda ya anthu amene iwo amati n’ngoipa m’filimu kapena m’pulogalamu ya pa TV imodzi yokha basi. Timaziona m’ziwawa zosatha zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse, pomwe mbava zimapha anthu pofuna kuwabera chenji basi, kapenanso popanda n’chifukwa n’komwe. Ndipo timaziona m’nkhani za malipoti othetsa nzeru onena za uchigaŵenga, ziwawa zopha mafuko athunthu, ndi zopulula miyoyo ya anthu, zomwe zasakazitsa miyandamiyanda ya anthu mopanda chifundo. Ukutu n’kutaya miyoyo yamtengo wapatali ngati zinyalala.

Sitingathe kupeŵa kukhala m’dziko lokonda kutaya zinthu, koma tingapeŵe kutengera mtima wokonda kutaya zinthu. Nkhani yotsatirayi ilongosola zomwe zingatithandize kuthana ndi mavuto a m’dziko lamakonoli lokonda kutaya zinthu ndiponso maganizo oipa okhudzana ndi mtima umenewu.

 [Chithunzi patsamba 6]

M’madera ambiri muli malamulo oti zinthu zotha ntchito zizikonzedwanso

[Zithunzi patsamba 7]

Kodi mumataya zovala zabwinobwino ndi kugula zatsopano poopa kutsalira pakatuluka mafashoni atsopano?

[Chithunzi patsamba 8]

Mwana amene sanabadwe ayenera kukondedwa, osati kutayidwa

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Index Stock Photography Inc./BSIP Agency

[Chithunzi patsamba 8]

Moyo ndi wamtengo wapatali kwambiri moti n’kosayenera kuchita dala zinthu zoopsa pofuna kumva kukoma basi