Choyamba Khoti Lalikulu Limva Mlanduwu

TSIKU LOTI WOWERUZA wamkulu, Jasitisi William Rehnquist ndi oweruza ena 8 a Khoti Lalikulu amve mlanduwu, linali February 26, 2002. Mboni za Yehova zinali ndi maloya anayi.

Loya wamkulu wa Mboni za Yehova anayamba kuyankhula ndi mawu ochititsa chidwi akuti: “Yerekezerani kuti ndi Loŵeruka m’maŵa, nthaŵi ili leveni koloko ndipo muli m’tauni ya Stratton. ‘Odi.’ [Kenaka anagogoda katatu, mokhala ngati akugogoda pachitseko.] ‘Muli bwanji? Malinga ndi nkhani zosautsa zimene zikuchitika masiku anozi, ndayesetsa kuti ndikupezeni kuti tikambiraneko zinthu zimene Mneneri Yesaya anati n’zabwino. Zinthu zake ndi uthenga wabwino wa Ufumu wa Mulungu umene Kristu Yesu ankauza anthu.’”

Iye anapitiriza kunena kuti: “Kuyenda khomo ndi khomo m’tauni ya Stratton n’kumauza ena uthenga umenewu ndi mlandu ngati munthu sanakatenge chilolezo kwa akuluakulu a tauniyi.”

‘Mwati Simupempha Ndalama?’

Woweruza wina, Jasitisi Stephen G. Breyer anafunsa maloya a Mboniwo mafunso osapita m’mbali. Iye anati: “Kodi n’zoona kuti a Mboni sapempha ndalama iliyonse, ingachepe bwanji, ndiponso kuti sagulitsa Mabaibulo, kapena china chilichonse, koma amangowauza anthu kuti, ‘Tikufuna tikambirane za Mawu a Mulungu’?”

Loya wa Mboni anayankha kuti: “Bwana, iyi ndi nkhani yachidziŵikire m’tauni ya Stratton, Mboni za Yehova sizinapemphetsemo ndalama ayi. Ndipo m’madera ena n’zachidziŵikirenso kuti nthaŵi zina zimanena kuti ngati munthu akufuna angathe kupereka kangachepe. . . . Sikuti cholinga chathu n’kupemphetsa ndalama ayi. Timangofuna kukambirana ndi anthu za m’Baibulo basi.”

Kodi M’pofunika Chilolezo cha Boma?

Jasitisi Antonin Scalia anafunsa funso moganizadi ponena kuti: “Kodi mukutanthauza kuti mukafuna kuti muwauzeko nkhani inayake yosangalatsa anthu a kumene mumakhala, simuyenera kukapempha kaye kwa a meya, eti?” Ndiye loya wa a Mboni anayankha kuti: “Inde. Ifeyo tikuona kuti sibwino kuti khoti lino livomereze lamulo lakuti Boma lizifuna kuti nzika zake zizikapempha kaye chilolezo kuti zikauzane chinachake m’makomo mwawo.”

Zinthu Zinatembenuka Itafika Nthaŵi ya Enawo

Tsopano inafika nthaŵi yoti a tauniyo anene mbali yawo. Polongosola lamulo la tauniyo, loya wawo wamkulu anati: “Apatu tauni ya Stratton ikungogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zake moyenerera pofuna kuteteza nzika zake kuti zizikhala mwaufulu, komanso popanda kuopa winawake. Lamulo loletsa kupempha zinthu m’makomo a eniake limangofuna kuti munthuyo akalembetseretu n’kumayenda ndi  chikalata cha chilolezo akamayenda khomo ndi khomo.”

Jasitisi Scalia anaboola mutu wa nkhaniyi mosachulutsa gaga m’diwa ndi funso lakuti: “Kodi anzanga mukukumbukira ngati ifeyo [a Khoti Lalikulu] tinaweruzapo mlandu wina uliwonse wokhudza lamulo lofika poterepa, lomaletsa anthu opita kunyumba ya wina, osati kukapempha ndalama kapena chinachake, kapenanso kukatsatsa malonda, koma wokhudza zakuti munthu wina ananena kuti, ‘Ndimafuna tikambiraneko za Yesu Kristu,’ kapena kungoti ‘Ndimafuna tikambirane zoteteza chilengedwe?’ Anzanga tanenani, kodi tinaweruzapo mlandu wotere ife?”

Ndiye yekha anapitiriza kunena kuti: “Ine sindikudziŵapo za mlandu wina wotere m’zaka 200 zapitazi.” Pamenepa Jasitisi wamkulu Rehnquist anam’dula pakamwa n’kunena mongoseka, amvekere: “Simungadziŵedi chifukwa limenelo n’kale kwambiri, inuyo musanabadwe.” Ndiyetu mukhotimo anthu anaseka kwabasi. Koma Jasitisi Scalia anagogomezera mfundo yake ponena kuti: “Kwa ineyo n’kuyamba kumvapo mlandu wotere.”

Kodi N’nzeru Ndithu?

Jasitisi Anthony M. Kennedy anafunsa funso losapita m’mbali lakuti: “Kodi achikulire inuyo mukuona kuti n’nzeru ndithu kuti ndiziyamba ndapempha kaye chilolezo ku Boma ndikafuna kuyendako kamtunda pang’ono, kupita kwa anthu omwe ena sindidziŵana nawo, n’cholinga choti ndikawauze nkhani inayake, mwachitsanzo yokhudza kutaya zinyalala kaya ndi yokhudza phungu ku Nyumba ya Malamulo kapena china chilichonse chotere? Zoona ndipitire ku Boma zomwezi?” Ndiyeno anangoti, “Ayi ndithu, zina zinyanya.”

Kenaka Jasitisi Sandra Day O’Connor naye anafunsapo kuti: “Nanga ana opemphetsa zinthu pa zikondwerero aja mutani nawo? Nawonso muzikawatengetsa chilolezo?” Jasitisi O’Connor ndi Scalia anapitiriza kugogomezera mfundo zimenezi. Kenaka Jasitisi O’Connor anafunsanso kuti: “Nanga bwanji ine n’kafuna kukapempha shuga kwa anthu amene ndayandikana nawo? Ndiye kuti ndiziyamba ndakatenga kaye chilolezo kuti ndipemphe shuga kwa anthu oyandikana nawo, eti?”

Kodi a Mboni Ngopemphetsa?

Jasitisi David H. Souter anafunsa kuti: “Kodi a Mboni za Yehova mukuwaikiranji m’gulu limeneli? Kodi a Mboni ngopemphetsa, otsatsa malonda, kapena ofunsira ganyu? A Mbonitu sali m’gulu limeneli ayi. Loya woimira tauniyo anaŵerenga mfundo za m’lamulolo mwatsatanetsatane n’kunena kuti khoti la m’boma lawo lija linaika Mboni za Yehova m’gulu la anthu opemphetsa. Atanena zimenezi Jasitisi Souter anayankha kuti: “Koma achikulire, ngati mukuika a Mboni za Yehova m’gulu la anthu opemphetsa, ndiye kuti kwa inuyo anthu opemphetsa alipo ambiritu.”

Kenaka Jasitisi Breyer anaŵerenga tanthauzo la mawu akuti munthu wopemphetsa kuchokera m’buku lotanthauzira mawu pofuna kusonyeza kuti a Mboni sali m’gulu limeneli. Ndiyeno anati: “M’chikalata chanuchi sindinaŵerengemo chilichonse chonena za cholinga chokhazikitsira lamulo lakuti anthu [a Mboni za Yehova] ameneŵa azikatenga kaye chilolezo kwa akuluakulu a tauni yanu ngakhale kuti iwoŵa sapemphetsa ndalama, satsatsa malonda, ndiponso sapempha anthu kuti akavotere chipani chinachake. Kodi cholinga chanu n’chiyani makamaka?”

Akuti “Mwayi” Woyankhula ndi Ena

Kenaka loya wa tauniyo anatsutsa mfundozi ponena kuti “cholinga cha tauniyo ndicho kuthandiza anthu kuti wina asawasokoneze m’makomo mwawo.” Analongosolanso kuti tauniyo inkafuna kuteteza nzika zake kuti anthu achipongwe asaziyeretse m’maso kapena kuzichita chiwembu m’njira inayake. Ndiye Jasitisi Scalia anaŵerenga mawu a m’chikalata chofotokoza lamuloli osonyeza kuti meya angathe kufunsa munthu wofuna chilolezoyo mafunso okhudza zinan’zina komanso cholinga chake pofuna “kudziŵa mwayi umene angathe kum’patsa.” Kenaka ananenanso mosapita m’mbali kuti: “Mwati kuuza nzika zinzako nkhani inayake yoti aiganizirepo bwino ndi mwayi? Koma abale, zinazi n’zovuta kumvetsa ndithu.”

 Jasitisi Scalia sanalekere pomwepo ayi, anapitiriza kuti: “Moti inu mukufuna kuti munthu akafuna kugogoda pakhomo pa winawake, a Boma ayenera kuti am’dziŵe kaye? Mwa apo ndi apo, munthu angathedi kuchitidwa chipongwe panyumba pake, koma ndithu mpaka munthu akatengere chilolezo ku Boma asanagogode pakhomo lililonse chifukwa cha zomwezi? Ayi ndithu, n’zosamveka zimenezo.”

Kodi Lamuloli Likutetezadi Nzika?

Mphindi 20 zimene loya wa tauniyo anapatsidwa kuti ayankhulepo zitatha, anasiyira bwalo loya wamkulu wa boma la Ohio. Loya ameneyu ananena mfundo yakuti lamuloli n’loteteza anthu a m’tauniyo kwa anthu osawadziŵa, “amene angobwera panyumba pawo popanda kuwaitana . . . ” Ndiye anapitiriza kuti, “ndipo ineyo ndikuona kuti tauniyi siikulakwa kunena kuti, ‘Ife zimenezi zikutidetsa nkhaŵa.’”

Kenaka Jasitisi Scalia anati: “Pamenepatu tauniyi ikunena kuti a Mboniŵa ayenera kukhala ndi chilolezo ngakhale poyankhula ndi anthu amene akuchita kufuna okha kuti awayendere chifukwa chosukidwa ndiponso kusoŵa munthu woti n’kucheza naye.”

“Aka N’kalamulo Kakang’ono Chabe”

Panthaŵi ya mafunso Jasitisi Scalia anatchula mfundo yosatsutsika pamene ananena kuti: “Tonsefe tikudziŵa bwino kuti mayiko amene ali ndi chitetezo chachikulu kwambiri ndi omwe amalamulidwa ndi maboma a mfundo zokhwima kwambiri. M’mayiko otere simuchuluka anthu ochita anzawo zachipongwe. Aliyense amadziŵa zimenezi, ndipo nthaŵi zina kuipa kokhala m’mayiko mmene anthu ali ndi ufulu wochita zimene akufuna n’kwakuti mumachuluka anthu ochita zinthu zoswa lamulo. Ndiye apa, nkhani yagona pakuti kodi tingachepetsedi zinthu zimenezi poika lamulo lakuti kugogoda pakhomo pa wina uchite kukhala mwayi wapadera?” Kenaka loya wamkulu wa boma la Ohio uja anayankha kuti “Komatu akuluakulu, aka n’kalamulo kakang’ono chabe.” Koma Jasitisi Scalia anayankha mom’pita pansi kuti n’zoona, kalamuloka n’kakang’onodi “moti palibe mlandu wina uliwonse wotere wonena za boma lililonse limene linakhazikitsapo lamulo langati limeneli. Lamulo laling’ono silikhala loteretu ayi.”

Kenaka loya wamkulu wa bomayu posoŵa pothaŵira, jaji wina atam’panikiza nawo mafunso, anangovomera kuti: “Koma kungoti zoletseratu kugogoda m’makomozo ineyo si kuti ndinganene kuti n’zoyeneradi ayi.” Zonse zomwe ankafuna kunena zinathera pamenepa.

Panthawi yonenapo zina ndi zina zimene sanagwirizane nazo, loya wa a Mboni ananena kuti lamulolo linalibe njira yodziŵira ngati munthu wofuna chilolezoyo akunenadi zoona. Iye anati: “Ineyo ndingathe kungopita kwa akuluakulu a tauniyo n’kukanena kuti ‘Ndine [wakutiwakuti],’ n’kundipatsa chilolezo n’kumayenda khomo ndi khomo.” Ananenanso kuti meyayo ali ndi mphamvu zotha kum’kaniza munthu chilolezocho ngati sali m’gulu linalake. Iye anati “Ifetu apa tikungoona kuti n’zachionekere kuti zingatengere ndi mmene meyayo akuonera,” ndipo anapitiriza kunena kuti: “Ndikunena mwaulemu wonse kuti ufulu wochita ntchito yathuyi ndi umene makamaka Lamulo Loyamba Lowonjezera limateteza.”

Atangonena zimenezi, Jasitisi wamkulu Rehnquist anamaliza zonse ndi mawu aŵa: “Mlanduwu tavomera kuuzenga [m’Khoti lino].” Zonsezi zinangotenga nthaŵi yopitirira ola limodzi lokha basi. Kufunikira kwa zimene zinachitika pa ola limeneli kunadzadziŵika chikalata chogamula nkhaniyi chitatulutsidwa m’mwezi wa June.

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Jasitisi wamkulu Rehnquist

Jasitisi Breyer

Jasitisi Scalia

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Rehnquist: Collection, The Supreme Court Historical Society/Dane Penland; Breyer: Collection, The Supreme Court Historical Society/Richard Strauss; Scalia: Collection, The Supreme Court Historical Society/Joseph Lavenburg

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Jasitisi Souter

Jasitisi Kennedy

Jasitisi O’Connor

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Kennedy: Collection, The Supreme Court Historical Society/Robin Reid; O’Connor: Collection, The Supreme Court Historical Society/Richard Strauss; Souter: Collection, The Supreme Court Historical Society/Joseph Bailey

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Mkati mwa khotili

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Photograph by Franz Jantzen, Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States