Vuto la Chithandizo Chake
Vuto la Chithandizo Chake
“Palibe matenda a shuga amene ali osaopsa. Onse ndi oopsa.”—Anatero Anne Daly, wa bungwe la ku America Loona za Matenda a Shuga.
“MAGAZI anu apezeka kuti sali bwino n’komwe. Mpofunika kuti mulandire chithandizo mwamsanga.” Mawu a dokotalaŵa anam’sokoneza mutu Deborah. Posimba zimenezi iye anati: “Usiku wa tsiku limenelo ndinkagoti kuchipatalako alakwitsa basi. Ndinkangoti n’zabodza kuti ndili ndi matenda.”
Mofanana ndi anthu ambiri, Deborah ankadziona kuti ngwathanzi ndithu, motero ankangonyalanyaza zimene ankamva m’thupi mwake. Ankaganiza kuti mankhwala oletsa kuyabwa amene iye ankamwa ndiwo ankam’patsa ludzu losatha. Ndipo ankati amataya madzi pafupipafupi chifukwa chakuti ankamwa madzi ambiri. Nanga kutopatopa kumene ankamva? Iye ankangoti ndi mmene zimakhalira kwa mayi wapantchito aliyense.
Komano atayezetsa anapeza kuti chinkachititsa zonsezi anali matenda a shuga. Deborah sanamvetse ayi. Iye anati: “Sindinauze munthu aliyense za matenda angaŵa. Onse akagona m’banja mwanga, ndinkayang’ana panja mdima uli bii n’kumasisima.” Mofanana ndi Deborah, anthu ena amati akadziŵa kuti ali ndi matendaŵa, amasokonezeka maganizo kwambiri mwinanso kupsa mtima kumene. Karen anati: “Ndinkangolira n’kumakana zoti ndili ndi matendaŵa.”
Izi zimachitika ndithu anthu akagwidwa ndi matenda omwe samayembekezera. Komano akamalimbikitsidwa, odwala matendaŵa amatha kusiya kudandaula kwambiri. Karen anati: “Nesi amene ankandisamalira anandithandiza kuti ndisiye kumangoganizira za matenda angaŵa. Anandiuza kuti palibe cholakwika n’kulira. Ndipo ndinkati ndikaliralira mtima wanga unkakhazikika.”
Kuopsa kwa Matendaŵa
Matenda a shuga akuti ndi “matenda olimbana ndi moyo weniweniwo,” ndipotu n’zoonadi. Chifukwa thupi likapanda kugwiritsira ntchito shuga, pali zinthu zinanso zambiri zimene zimasokonezeka, ndipo nthaŵi zina pangaoneke zoopsa. Dr. Harvey Katzeff anati: “Anthu safa ndi matenda a shuga enieniwo ayi, koma amafa ndi mavuto ena obwera chifukwa cha matendaŵa. Timayesetsa kuteteza odwala ku mavuto ameneŵa koma akayamba zimativuta kuti tiwathetse.” *
Kodi pali nkhani iliyonse yabwino kwa anthu amene ali ndi matendaŵa? Inde, koma chachikulu n’chakuti odwalawo ayenera kuzindikira kuti matendaŵa ngoopsa n’kuyamba kutsatira zofunika pa chithandizo cha matendaŵa. *
Zakudya Ndiponso Kulimbitsa Thupi
Ngakhale kuti mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga ngosapeŵeka, asayansi akufufuza zina ndi zina zokhudza chibadwa chathu ndipo akuyesa kupeza njira zoti mphamvu zoteteza thupi kumatenda zisamalimbane ndi kapamba. (Onani bokosi lakuti “Ntchito ya Shuga wa M’magazi,” patsamba 8) Buku lonena za matendaŵa lakuti Diabetes—Caring for Your Emotions as Well as Your Health linati: “Mtundu wachiŵiri wa matenda a shuga uli bwinoko pouyerekezera ndi woyamba. Anthu ambiri amene mwachibadwa chawo amaoneka kuti sangachedwe kudwala matendaŵa angathe kuwapeŵa podya zakudya zamagulu ndi kumachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kaŵirikaŵiri, chifukwa akamatero thupi lawo limakhala lathanzi ndipo sanenepa kwambiri.” *
Pogogomezera ubwino wa kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, magazini ya zachipatala yotchedwa Journal of the American Medical Association inanena zimene zinapezeka atafufuza za matendaŵa pakati pa azimayi ambiri. Anapeza kuti “kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi pa kanthaŵi kochepa chabe kumachititsa kuti thupi lithe kuwonjezera kugwiritsira ntchito shuga kwa maola opitirira 24.” Motero anamaliza ndi mawu akuti “kuyenda ndi kuchita zinthu zina zotulutsa thukuta kumathandiza kwambiri kuti azimayi asadwale matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiŵiri.” Ofufuzawo anati ndi bwino kuchitako zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 tsiku lililonse kapena masiku angapo pamlungu. Izi zingathe kukhala zinthu monga kuyendako basi. Ndipotu buku lotchedwa American Diabetes Association Complete Guide to Diabetes linati kuyenda “mwina ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yolimbitsira thupi yomwe ili yosavulaza, ndiponso yosalira ndalama.”
Koma anthu amene ali kale ndi matendaŵa ayenera kuchita kulangizidwa ndi madokotala akafuna kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Chifukwa chimodzi chopangira zimenezi n’chakuti matenda a shuga amatha kuwononga mitsempha yosiyanasiyana, motero magazi sayenda bwino ndipo thupi limafa mbali zina. Motero chinachake chitawakanda paphazi n’kuchita kachilonda sangadziŵe n’komwe mpaka kachilondako kangathe kuloŵa matenda n’kunyekera moti popanda kusamalapo msanga angathe kudula phazilo. *
Komabe, chizoloŵezi chokonda kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi chimathandiza kuchepetsako vuto la matendaŵa. Buku lija linati: “Ofufuza akupezabe umboni wosonyeza kuti kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi n’kwabwino.”
Jakisoni wa Matenda a Shuga
Kuwonjezera pa kudya zamagulu ndiponso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi anthu ambiri odwala matendaŵa ayenera kuyezedwa tsiku n’tsiku kuti m’thupi mwawo muli shuga wochuluka bwanji komanso kubayidwa jakisoni wa matendaŵa. Chifukwa chokhala ndi thanzi podya zamagulu ndiponso chizoloŵezi chochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, anthu ena odwala matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiŵiri afika posafunikanso kumabayidwa jakisoniyu mwina kwa kanthaŵi ndithu. * Karen, yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba anaona kuti kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kuti jakisoni wa matendaŵa azigwira bwino ntchito yake. Motero anachepetsa ndithu majakisoni amene amafunikira kubayidwa tsiku lililonse.
Komabe, ngati munthu akufunikira jakisoni wa matendaŵa asagwe mphwayi. Mary Ann, nesi wovomerezedwa ndi boma yemwe amasamalira anthu ambiri odwala matenda a shuga anati: “Mukamabayidwa jakisoniyu si ndiye kuti zikukulakani ayi. Kaya muli ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda a shuga, chachikulu n’chakuti ngati mukuyesetsa kuchita zinthu zoti m’magazi mwanu musamakhale shuga wambiri, mumadzichepetsera matenda ena amene angakugwireni.” Komanso atafufuza posachedwapa anapeza kuti anthu odwala matenda a mtundu woyamba uja amene ankayesetsa kwambiri kuchita zinthu zoti m’magazi mwawo musakhale shuga wambiri, “sankadwaladwala matenda a maso, impso, ndiponso mitsempha obwera chifukwa cha matenda a shuga.” Mwachitsanzo anapeza kuti kunali kovuta kwambiri kuti anthuwo adwale matenda ochititsa khungu. Izi zimachitikanso kwa odwala matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiŵiri akamayesetsa kuti m’magazi mwawo musakhale shuga wambiri.
Kuti kubayidwa jakisoni wa matenda a shuga kukhale kosavuta komanso kosapweteka kwambiri, timazingano ta jakisoniyu timakhala tosongoka kwambiri. Mary Ann anati: “Nthaŵi zambiri jakisoni woyamba ndi amene umamumva kuwawa kwambiri. Odwala ambiri amati akangowabaya koyambako basi jakisoniyu samumvanso kuwawa.” Pali njira zinanso zobayira odwala matendaŵa monga pogwiritsira ntchito makina amene amam’baya munthu popanda kumva ululu uliwonse, makina ofayira mankhwala pakhungu kuti aloŵe m’thupi mwa wodwalayo, ndiponso amatha kumuika munthu mankhwala pang’opang’ono mwina kwa masiku aŵiri kapena atatu ngati mmene amamuikira munthu madzi. Palinso kachipangizo kena kakakulu ngati telefoni yam’manja kamene kamapopera mankhwala m’thupi ndipo katchuka kwambiri masiku ano. Kachipangizo kameneka amatha kukatchera kuti kazipopera mankhwala m’thupi pang’onopang’ono kudzera m’kapaipi. Mankhwalawo amakhala ochuluka mogwirizana ndi mmene amafunikira tsiku lililonse kwa wodwalayo, motero amalandira mlingo weniweni wa mankhwala komanso mosavutikira.
Musasiye Kuphunzira
Zonsezi zili apo, palibe njira imodzi yokha imene tingati ndi yothandiza aliyense pa matendaŵa. Pankhani ya chithandizo, aliyense ayenera kuganizapo mozama kuti adziŵe zimene zingamuthandize iyeyo. Mary Ann anati: “Ngakhale mukamayang’aniridwa ndi madokotala, zonse zimakhala m’manja mwanu.” Ndipo magazini yakuti Diabetes Care inati: “Kum’patsa chithandizo munthu wodwala matenda a shuga popanda kumuphunzitsa bwinobwino kuti azidzisamalira yekha n’kosathandiza ndiponso n’kusaganizira moyo wa wodwalayo.”
Odwala matendaŵa akadziŵa bwino za matenda awo amatha kulimbana ndi matenda awowo mosavuta ndiponso angakhale ndi moyo wautali komanso ali athanzi. Komano kuphunzira moti n’kumvetsetsadi kumafunika kudekha. Buku lakuti Diabetes—Caring for Your Emotions as Well as Your Health linalongosola kuti: “Mukamalimbana n’zoti mudziŵiretu zonse panthaŵi imodzi, mumangosokonezeka ndipo simungathe kuzitsata bwinobwino zimene mwaphunzirazo. Chinanso n’chakuti zinthu zambiri zofunikadi kuzidziŵa sizipezeka m’mabuku ayi. Pamangofunika . . . kuonetsetsa mmene shuga akugwirira ntchito m’thupi mwanu malingana n’kusintha kwa zochita zanu zina. Zimenezi mumazidziŵa pang’onopang’ono chifukwa mumachita kuziphunzira nokha.”
Mwachitsanzo, mukakhala osamala mumatha kuona zimene zimakuchitikirani zikakhala kuti zinthu sizikukuyenderani m’maganizo, ndipo zimenezi zingachititse kuti shuga afulumire kuchuluka m’magazi mwanu. Ken anati: “Matendaŵa ndakhala nawo kwa zaka 50 ndipo akayamba kundivuta ndimadziŵa bwinobwino zochita!” Kusanyalanyaza ngati sakumva bwino m’thupi kwam’thandiza kwambiri chifukwa panopo Ken adakali pantchito ngakhale kuti ali ndi zaka 70!
Mpofunika Kuti Achibale Azithandizapo
Mfundo yosafunika kuinyalanyaza pothandiza munthu wodwala matenda a shuga ndi yakuti achibale azithandizapo. Buku lina linanena kuti “Mwina kugwirizana kwa anthu a m’banja ndicho chinthu chofunika kwambiri” pothandiza ana ndiponso achinyamata odwala matenda a shuga.
Zimathandiza kwambiri achibale ake a munthu akawadziŵa bwino matendaŵa mwinanso kumasinthana wom’perekeza kuchipatala. Achibalewo akadziŵa bwino matendaŵa, angathandizepo mosavuta, angazindikire zimene zimachitika matendawo akam’tengetsa munthu, ndiponso mmene angam’thandizire zikafika potero. Mkazi wa Ted wakhala akudwala matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kuyambira ali ndi zaka zinayi, ndipo Ted anati: “Ineyo ndimatha kudziŵa kuti panopo mkazi wanga Barbara m’thupi mwake shuga wachepamo. Amangopezeka kuti wangoti duu tili mkati mokambirana zinazake. Amayamba kutuluka thukuta kwambiri ndipo amakwiya popanda chifukwa chilichonse. Komanso amayamba kuchita zinthu mwapang’onopang’ono.”
Nayenso Catherine, mkazi wa Ken amati akaona kuti nkhope ya Ken yasintha komanso ikutuluka chitungu ndiponso akaona kuti wasintha zochitika zake, amangom’funsa kasamu kenakake kophweka. Ndiye Ken akayankha zakezake Catherine amangodziŵiratu kuti mwamuna wakeyo sangaganizenso zakupsa motero zonse zofunika amazichita yekha ndipo nthaŵi yomweyo amam’thandiza mwamuna wakeyo. Ken ndi Barbara amayamikira kwambiri kuti anamanga banja ndi anthu ozindikira bwino matenda awo amenenso amawakonda ndi kuwakhulupirira. *
Achibale om’kondadi wodwalayo ayenera kuyesetsa kum’thandiza, kum’chitira chifundo, ndi kuleza naye mtima. Zimenezi zingathandize munthu wodwala kuti alimbane ndi mavuto ake ndipo zingathandizenso kuti matendawo asachite kunyanya. Mwamuna wa Karen ankachita zinthu zom’sonyeza mkazi wakeyo kuti amam’konda, ndipo izi zinam’thandiza kwambiri. Karen anati: “Mwamuna wanga Nigel, anandiuza kuti, ‘Munthu aliyense amafunika chakudya ndi madzi monganso iweyo, kungoti iweyo umafunikanso timankhwala pang’ono basi.’ Mawu othandiza komanso osonyeza chikondiŵa anandilimbikitsa kwambiri.”
Achibale ndiponso anzanu ayeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti mlingo wa shuga m’thupi ukamasinthasintha, wodwalayo nthaŵi zina amangokwiyakwiya. Mayi wina anati: “Zinthu zikakhala kuti sizikundiyendera bwino chifukwa cha kusintha kwa shuga m’thupi mwanga, ndimangoti ndwii, sindichedwa kupsa mtima, ndiponso kukhumudwa. Pambuyo pake ndimadzimveranso chisoni ndikamaganiza kuti ndimachita zinthu ngati mwana. Koma sindidandaula kwambiri ndikamaona kuti anthu ena akundimvetsa ndipo ndimayesetsa kudziletsa kungoti nthaŵi zina zimandivuta.”
Matenda a shuga tingathe kulimbana nawo bwinobwino, makamaka ngati wodwalayo ali ndi anzake ndiponso achibale omvetsa zinthu. Mfundo za m’Baibulo zingathenso kuthandiza. Kodi zingathandize motani?
[Mawu a M’munsi]
^ ndime 8 Ena mwa mavuto ameneŵa ndi matenda a mtima, ofa ziwalo, a impso ndi matenda a mitsempha ya magazi ndi ya ubongo. Magazi akamafika ochepa ku miyendo mwendowo ungathe kutuluka zilonda, ndipo zilondazi zikanyanya amatha kungodula mwendo wonsewo. Matenda a shuga ndi amenenso amayambitsa khungu pakati pa anthu ambiri aakulu.
^ ndime 9 Galamukani! siiuza anthu za chithandizo chimene ayenera kulandira. Amene akuganiza kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kuonana ndi dokotala wodziŵa bwino za matendaŵa ndiponso kuwapeŵa kwake.
^ ndime 11 M’posavuta kudwala matendaŵa munthu akakhala wonenepa kwambiri kumtundaku kuposa kumunsiku.
^ ndime 13 Anthu amene amasuta fodya amadziika patsoka lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti kusuta kumawononga mtima ndi njira zonse za magazi ndiponso kumachitsa kuti mitsempha ya magazi itsekeke pang’ono. Buku lina linati anthu 95 pa anthu 100 aliwonse amene amadulidwa chiwalo chinachake chifukwa cha matenda a shuga amakhala osuta fodya.
^ ndime 16 Ena mwa anthu ameneŵa ankalandira mankhwala akumwa. Ena mwa mankhwalaŵa amachititsa kuti kapamba azitulutsa mankhwala ambiri othandiza thupi kugwiritsira ntchito shuga, ena amachititsa kuti shuga asamachulukane kwambiri m’magazi, ndipo ena amachititsa kuti thupi lisalimbane ndi mankhwala ochokera m’kapamba. (Nthaŵi zambiri munthu akakhala ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba sam’patsa mankhwala akumwa.) Chifukwa chakuti pakali pano mankhwala a jakisoni wa matendaŵa amene alipo ngakuti munthu sangamwe chifukwa mphamvu yake imangothera m’mimba akamagayika motero siifika m’magazi. Sikuti munthu akamalandira jakisoni kapena mankhwala akumwawo ndiye kuti sayenera kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi ndiponso kudya zamagulu.
^ ndime 26 Madokotala amati ndi bwino kuti anthu odwala matendaŵa aziyenda ndi khadi lowadziŵikitsa ndi kutinso azivala zinthu monga zibangili kapena mphete, zosonyeza kuti ali ndi matendaŵa. Zinthu zikafika poipa zimenezi zingathe kum’pulumutsa wodwalayo. Mwachitsanzo, madokotala angathe kusokonezeka n’kuchepa kwa shuga m’magazi n’kumaganiza kuti ndi matenda ena mwinanso kuti ndi uchidakwa.
[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 6]
Kodi Matendaŵa Amagwiranso Ana?
Dr. Arthur Rubenstein, yemwe ndi dokotala wamkulu wa matenda okhudza madzi a m’thupi yemwenso ndi mphunzitsi wamkulu pa sukulu ya zachipatala ku New York yotchedwa Mount Sinai anati matenda a shuga “akusandukanso matenda ogwira ana.” N’zoonadi kuti matendaŵa ayamba kugwira anthu a zaka zocheperapo. Katswiri wa matendaŵa, Dr. Robin S. Goland ananenapo za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiŵiri kuti, “zaka khumi zapitazo tinkaphunzitsa ophunzira zachipatala kuti panalibe anthu odwala matendaŵa osakwana zaka 40. Koma masiku ano ngakhale ana osakwana zaka 10 akumapezeka ndi matendaŵa.”
Kodi achinyamata odwala matendaŵa akuchulukiranji? Nthaŵi zina kumakhala kutengera za kumtundu. Koma chifukwa chinanso n’kunenepa ndiponso kumene munthu akukhala. Ana onenepa mopitirira muyezo achuluka moŵirikiza pa zaka 20 zapitazi. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani achuluka chonchi? Dr. William Dietz wa bungwe loona za matenda la U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention anati: “Pa zaka 20 zapitazi anthu asintha kwambiri pa nkhani ya kudya ndiponso zochita. Anthu ayamba kukonda kudya kumalesitilanti; kusadya chakudya cham’maŵa, kumwa kwambiri zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndiponso kukonda kugula zakudya zophika kale za mafuta ambiri, kubwerera m’mbuyo kwa maphunziro olimbitsa thupi ana kusukulu, komanso kuchotsa nthaŵi yoti ana azipumako akaloŵa m’kalasi.”
Matendaŵa akangomuyamba munthu sam’choka ayi. Motero n’chinthu chanzeru kutsatira malangizo amene mnyamata wina wodwala matendaŵa ananena. Iye anangonena mwachidule kuti: “Muzipeŵa zakudya za mafuta ambiri ndiponso muzichita zinthu zoti mukhale athanzi.”
[Bokosi/Chithunzi pamasamba 8, 9]
Ntchito ya Shuga wa M’magazi
Maselo osaŵerengeka m’thupi mwathu amapeza mphamvu kuchokera m’shuga wa m’magazi. Komano kuti shugayo aloŵe m’maselomo pamafunika mankhwala enaake omwe amachokera m’kapamba. Munthu akamadwala matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, kapamba wake satulutsa n’komwe mankhwalaŵa. Akamadwala matenda a mtundu wachiŵiri, kapambayo amatulutsa ndithu mankhwalaŵa koma amakhala osakwanira. * Komanso maselo a thupi lake salola mankhwalaŵa kuloŵa mkati mwawo. Mitundu iŵiri yonseyi ya matendaŵa imachititsa kuti maselo akhale opanda shuga ndiponso kuti shugayo angounjikana m’magazi, zomwe zili zoopsa.
Munthu akamadwala matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, mphamvu zoteteza thupi zimalimbana ndi maselo a m’kapamba omwe amapanga mankhwala othandiza thupi kugwiritsira ntchito shuga. Zinthu zimene zingachititse kuti thupi lisokonezeke m’njira imeneyi ndi monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda enaake, mankhwala akupha, ndiponso mankhwala a matenda ena. Nthaŵi zinanso zimakhala zakumtundu, pakuti nthaŵi zambiri matenda a mtundu woyambaŵa amakonda kugwira anthu a kubanja limodzi ndipo ngofala kwambiri pakati pa azungu.
Mtundu wachiŵiri wa matendaŵa ndi umene umakonda kwambiri kuyendera zakumtundu koma umagwira anthu ambiri omwe si azungu. Anthu a mtundu wa a Aborijini a ku Australia ndiponso amwenye a ku America ali m’gulu la mitundu ya anthu omwe amadwala kwambiri matendaŵa, ndipo amwenyeŵa ndiwo amadwala kwambiri matendaŵa pamitundu yonse ya anthu. Panopo akufufuza chimene chimachititsa kuti anthu a kumtundu kwinakwake azikhala onenepa kwambiri, komanso chimene chimachititsa kuti mafuta akachuluka m’thupi mwa anthu ena, mankhwala othandiza thupi kugwiritsira ntchito shuga asamagwire ntchito yake. * Mtundu wachiŵiri wa matendaŵa umagwira kwambiri anthu amene zaka zawo zinapitirira 40, pamene woyamba uja sutero ayi.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
^ ndime 44 Pafupifupi anthu 90 pa anthu 100 alionse odwala matenda a shuga amakhala ndi mtundu wachiŵiriwu. M’mbuyomu matenda a shuga a mtundu umenewu ankawatcha kuti ndi matenda osafunika mankhwala othandiza thupi kugwiritsira ntchito shuga kapenanso kuti ndi matenda ogwira munthu akakula. Komatu kunena choncho si kukhoza kwenikweni ayi, chifukwa chakuti anthu okwana mpaka 40 pa 100 aliwonse odwala matendaŵa amafunikira mankhwala othandiza thupi kugwiritsira ntchito shuga. Komanso, achinyamata ochuluka zedi, ena oti sanakwanitse n’komwe zaka 13, ayamba kumawapeza ndi mtundu umenewu wa matenda a shuga.
^ ndime 46 Nthaŵi zambiri amadziŵa kuti munthu wanenepa kwambiri ngati munthuyo wapitirira kulemera kwake koyenerera ndi 20 peresenti.
[Chithunzi]
Shuga wa m’magazi
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Courtesy: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
[Bokosi patsamba 9]
Ntchito ya Kapamba
Kapamba ngwamkulu pafupifupi ngati nthochi ndipo amapezeka cha kuseli kwa chifu. Buku lina la za matenda a shuga lotchedwa The Unofficial Guide to Living With Diabetes, linati “kapamba wabwinobwino amakhalira kuchita ntchito zothandiza kuti shuga asachuluke m’magazi ndipo amatero potulutsa mlingo woyenerera wa mankhwala shuga wa m’magazi akamachuluka kapena kuchepa patsiku.” M’kapamba ndi mmene mumakhala maselo opanga mankhwala othandiza kuti thupi lithe kugwiritsira ntchito bwino shuga.
Maselowo akalephera kupanga mankhwala okwanira, shuga amachuluka kwambiri m’magazi. Chiwindi chimathandizana ndi kapamba pa ntchito yoonetsetsa kuti m’magazi muzikhala mlingo woyenerera wa shuga. Shuga akakwanamo m’magazi, chiwindi chimatenga shuga aliyense amene sagwira ntchito n’kumusunga. Ndiye nthaŵi ina kapamba akanena kuti pakufunika shuga wina, chiwindicho chimatulutsa shuga yemwe chinasunga uja.
[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 9]
Zimene Shuga Amachita
Anthu ambiri amalakwa poganiza kuti kudya shuga wambiri kumayambitsa matenda a shuga. Umboni wa a zachipatala umasonyeza kuti kunenepa, osati kudya shuga wambiri, n’kumene kumachititsa kuti anthu ena azidwala matendaŵa mosavuta malingana ndi kumtundu kwawo. Komabe si bwino kudya shuga wambiri, chifukwa shuga sapatsa thanzi kwenikweni ndiponso amatha kunenepetsa munthu mopitirira muyeso.
Anthu amalakwanso poganiza kuti munthu akagwidwa matenda a shuga amakhala munthu wokonda kudya zinthu zotsekemera kwambiri. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti munthuyo amafuna kudya zinthu zotsekemera mofanana ndi anthu ambiri. Matenda a shuga kupanda kusamala nawo amatha kuyambitsa njala koma osati kwenikweni yofuna kudya zinthu zashuga. Anthu odwala matenda a shuga angathe kudya zinthu zotsekemera, koma ayenera kuganiziranso za shuga amene amadyera m’zakudya zolimbitsa thupi.
Zimene apeza atafufuza chaposachedwapa zikusonyeza kuti shuga amene nyama zimadyera m’zipatso ndi m’masamba akachuluka m’thupi mwa nyamazo, mankhwala a m’kapamba othandiza thupi kugwiritsira ntchito shuga amachepa mphamvu moti mpaka nyamazo, ngakhale zitakhala zosanenepa, zimatha kudwala matenda a shuga.
[Zithunzi pamasamba 8, 9]
Kunena Mwachidule za Matendaŵa
KAPAMBA
↓ ↓ ↓
Munthu Wosadwala Wamatenda a Mtundu Wamatenda a Mtundu
Woyamba Wachiŵiri
Akatha kudya, Mphamvu zoteteza Nthaŵi zambiri
kapamba wake thupi lake zimalimbana mankhwala amene
amatulutsa mankhwala ndi maselo a m’kapamba kapamba wake
othandiza thupi amene amapanga mankhwala amapanga amakhala
kugwiritsira ntchito othandiza thupi ochepa
shuga omwe amakhala kugwiritsira ntchito
oyenererana ndi shuga. Zikatero
kuchuluka kwa kapambayo amalephera
shuga m’magazi mwake kupanga mankhwalawo
↓ ↓ ↓
Mankhwalaŵa Popanda mankhwalaŵa, Ngati malo
amakamatirira pa shuga wa m’magazi olandirirapo
maselo a minofu ndi sangaloŵe m’kati mwa zinthu
maselo ena m’malo maselo sakulandira bwino
osiyanasiyana amene mankhwala ochoka
maselowo amalandirirapo m’kapamba,
zinthu. Zikatero poloŵera shuga
maseloŵa amayamba wa m’magazi
kutsegula malo oti sipatseguka
shuga aloŵerepo
↓ ↓ ↓
Shuga wa m’magazi Shuga amangounjikana
amaloŵa m’maselo a m’magazi, motero zinthu
minofu kuti akagwire zimasokonezeka
ntchito yake. Motero kwambiri m’thupi komanso
m’magazimo shuga m’kati mwa mitsempha
amabwerera pamlingo mumawonongeka
woyenerera
[Chithunzi]
(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)
Selo
Polandirira
Poloŵera
Mankhwala a m’kapamba
Pachimake pa selo
Shuga wa m’magazi
[Chithunzi]
(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)
MTSEMPHA
Maselo ofiira a m’magazi
Shuga wa m’magazi
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Man: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck
[Chithunzi patsamba 7]
Anthu odwala matenda a shuga amafunika kudya zamagulu
[Zithunzi patsamba 10]
Anthu odwala matenda a shuga angathe kumachita zinthu bwinobwino