M’nkhalango ya Nairobi Zinyama Zimangodziyendera

YOLEMBEDWA NDI WOLEMBA GALAMUKANI! KU KENYA

PANOPA ndi m’maŵa ndipo nthaŵi yakwana hafu pasiti sikisi. Dzuŵa likutuluka kumene ndipo langoti psuu ngati chimpendadzuŵa, komatu si kukongola kwake. Cheza chake chosonyeza kuti tayamba tsiku lina chikuloŵa m’mawindo a maofesi a nyumba zosanja, ndipo kuwala kwake n’kokongola ngati golide. Kungoyenda kamtunda pang’ono kuchokera kumaofesi ameneŵa, kukuchitika zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

Kwakanthaŵi ndithu, mkango wina wabisala m’maudzu aatali poŵenderera mphalapala yomwe ikudya udzu. Pozindikira kuti zinthu sizili bwino, mphalapalayo ikudumphira penapake, koma mkangowo sukuileka. Nyamazo zayamba kutengetsana. Mkangowo ukangogwira mphalapalayo, ndiye kuti iudziŵa mwambo wakutchire wakuti kunkhalango kumafuna amunamuna.

Zinthu ngati zimenezi zimachitika tsiku n’tsiku m’nkhalango yosungira zinyama ya Nairobi National Park. Ndipo nkhalangoyi ili kufupi ndi malire a mzinda wa Nairobi, womwe ndi likulu la dziko la Kenya. Nyama zakumeneko zinayandikana kwambiri ndi anthu. Eti, mu 1962 anthu anaona mkango ukungodziyendera panja pa hotela ina ya anamadyabwino okhaokha, mwinatu pofuna kutenganso malo ake akalekale. Kodi zinatheka bwanji kuti zinyama ndi anthu a mumzindawo apezeke chapamodzi chonchi?

Chiyambi Chake Chinali Chovuta

Kuti nkhalangoyi ikhazikitsidwe sinali nkhani yamaseŵera ayi. Anthu anakumana ndi zovuta zambiri kuti mpaka nyamazi zifike potetezedwa bwinobwino. Poyamba nyamazi zinkangodziyendera m’madera aakulu a ku East Africa popanda kupanikizika ndi chilichonse mpaka titatsala pang’ono kufika cha m’ma 1900. Kunoku anthu anayamba kalekale kugwirizana ndi zinyama, ndipo amadyetsa ziŵeto zawo kufupi kwenikweni ndi nyamazo. Anthu ena ankafika ngakhale pomaona nyama zina zakutchire ngati zapakhomo!

Komabe, chigulu cha alenje opha nyama zikuluzikulu ndi mfuti chinafika m’dzikoli, ndipo ochuluka ankangofuna polandirirapo mphoto zambirimbiri chifukwa chopha nyama zambiri. Mmodzi wa alenjeŵa anali mtsogoleri wakale wa dziko la United States, a Theodore Roosevelt, amene anabwera ku Kenya kuno mu 1909 n’cholinga chodzatenga zinthu zina zachilengedwe zoti akaike kumalo osungirako zinthu zamakedzana. Iye anali ndi anthu om’thandiza kunyamula katundu ndiponso alenje okwana 600, ndipo anapha nyama zopitirira 500 n’kutumiza zikopa zake kwawo. Chapanthaŵi yomweyo, kunabweranso mlenje wina wotchuka dzina lake Edward, ndipo anali mwana wobadwira kubanja lachifumu ku Britain. Zochita za anthu ameneŵa zinatchukitsa zomapita kumayiko akutali kukasaka nyama zikuluzikulu. Inde, kusaka ndi mfuti kunali kosachedwetsa ndiponso kosavuta kupenda kusiyana ndi kusaka kumene eniake a kuno ankachita, kogwiritsira ntchito uta ndi mipaliro.

Atatha kumanga njanji yotchuka yochokera ku Kenya kupita ku Uganda, anthu anayamba kukakhala ku Nairobi ndipo zimenezi zinawonjezeranso vuto lakuti zinyama zisamayende motakasuka. Izi zinaonetsa kuti nyamazo ziyamba kusoŵeratu.

Kenaka cha m’ma 1930, anthu ena anayamba kudandaula podera nkhaŵa nyamazo. Ena mwa anthuŵa anali Archie Ritchie, yemwe ankayang’anira zinyama panthaŵiyo, ndiponso Mervyn Cowie, yemwe ankagwira ntchito yoŵerengera ndalama. Anthu ameneŵa anachititsa misonkhano ndiponso anafalitsa nkhani zosiyanasiyana podandaulira atsamunda kuti akhazikitse nkhalango yosungirako zinyama yoti ithandize kuchepetsa kapena kuletseratu kupha zinyamazo mwachisawawa. Koma bomalo silinafune kutsatira zimenezo. Silinkafuna kugwiritsira ntchito malowo kungosungirapo zomera ndi  zinyama zokha pamene malowo akuonekeratu kuti asanduka mzinda waukulu wokhala anthu a ku East Africa.

Ntchito yofuna kuteteza nyamazo inasokonezekanso pamene asilikali anawononga malo amene panopa pali nkhalango yosungiramo nyamazi, mmene ankakonzekera nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse. Ndipo nyama nazo zinakhudzidwa pankhondoyo. Popeza kuti kunkhalangoko kunkapezekapezeka asilikali, nyamazo zinayamba kutha mantha ndi anthu, motero zinayamba kuoneka kuti zikhoza kumadyanso anthu. Poopa kuti zinthu zisachite kufika pamenepo, nyama zina ngakhalenso mkango waukazi umene ankautcha kuti Lulu ndi gulu la mikango ina zinaphedwa.

Komabe, zinthu zambiri zimene zinkapingapinga ntchitoyi zinatha chifukwa chakuti akuluakulu a boma anayamba kumvetsa zinthu, motero zofuna za anthu ofuna kuteteza nyamawo zinatheka. Kenaka patapita nthaŵi yatali yogwira chintchito chovuta chokonza zinthu, pa December 16, 1946, nkhalango yoyamba yosungirako zinyama ku East Africa, ya Nairobi National Park inakhazikitsidwa, mzungu amene anali bwanamkubwa wa ku Kenya panthaŵiyo, Bwana Philip Mitchell atasayinira kukhazikitsidwa kwake.

Nkhalangoyi Imasangalatsa Alendo

Nkhalangoyi ndi yocheperako ndithu tikaiyerekezera ndi nkhalango zina zosungirako zinyama. Akuti ndi yaikulu makilomita 117, ndipo kuchoka pakati pa mzinda wa Nairobi kukafika pa khomo lake loloŵera pali mtunda wa makilomita 10. Komabe kuchepa kwa nkhalangoyi n’kumene kumaitchukitsa. Padziko lonse pali malo oŵerengeka chabe angati amene ali m’nkhalangoyi amene munthu angathe kuona dera lalikulu koma ali patali. Zosoŵazi n’zimene zimachitika mumzinda wa Nairobi umene ukukula mofulumira kwambiri.

Mosiyana ndi nkhalango zina zikuluzikulu, kuchepa kwa nkhalangoyi kumachititsa kuti munthu athe kuona magulu a nyama zambiri zikuluzikulu, kupatulapo njovu. Kumeneku kuli mitundu 100 ya zinyama zoyamwitsa ndiponso mitundu yoposa 400 ya mbalame. Nkhalangoyi ili kufupi ndi kumene ndege zimatulukira zikamakatera pa bwalo lalikulu la ndege la ku Nairobi.

Munthu wokacheza ku Nairobi akhoza kuchoka pahotela yamakono yokongola n’kudutsa maofesi ochititsa chidwi, n’kufika, m’mphindi zoŵerengeka chabe, kumalo ooneka mwachikale okhala ndi tchire lokhalokha komanso mitengo yambiri. Kumeneku n’kumene kumapezeka mikango ndi nyama zina zosaka zili m’kati moŵenderera nyama zina. Kuona nyamazi zikuthamangitsa nyama zinzake komanso chapatalipo n’kumaonanso nyumba zosanja zili waliwali mu mzindawo kumakhala kosaiŵalika msanga.

Kumeneku kuli zinyama zambiri monga njati, akambuku, akakwiyo, akadyamsonga, apusi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya agwape komanso zipembere zomwe masiku ano zayamba kusoŵa. Mitundu yambiri ya nyamazi siichokanso kunkhalango imeneyi. M’nyengo yopanda mvula, m’miyezi ya February kapena March ndiponso mu August kapena September, nyama zambirimbiri  zimene zimakonda kusamukasamuka, monga nyumbu, zimatha kuoneka zitangozungulira maiŵe a m’nkhalangoyi.

M’maiŵe ena amene amangowatcha kuti maiŵe a mvuu, mumapezeka magulu a mvuu. Nyama zikuluzikulu zooneka ngati migolozi zimangokhala m’madzi tsiku lonse lathunthu, koma kukada mpamene zimatuluka kukadya. Malo ozungulira maiŵe ameneŵa ali ndi tinjira timene munthu angathe kuimikamo galimoto yake kuti ayambe wapondapondako. Komabe mpofunika kusamala, chifukwatu kupondaponda koteroko nthaŵi zina n’koopsa kwambiri. M’maiŵe ena m’matha kukhala ng’ona zoopsa zomwe zimangokhala duu m’mphepete mwa maiŵewo, ndipo mlendo wosadziŵa kalikonse sangazione n’komwe! Mukamapondaponda ndi bwino kuyenda ndi eniake odziŵa bwino za nkhalangoyi kuopera kuti mungasanduke ndiwo ya ng’onazo.

Nkhalangoyi ili ndi mitundu yambirimbiri ya mbalame zodziŵika bwino. Kumapezeka nthiŵatiŵa, zomwe zimatha kutalika mpaka kuposa mamita aŵiri, ndipo zimenezi ndi mbalame zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Mukakhala mumzinda umenewu n’kumayang’ana kumwamba, mumaona miimba imene anthu amadana nayo ili m’kati mofunafuna nyama zakufa. Mbalame zonyansa zimenezi n’zothandiza kwambiri m’nkhalangoyi, chifukwatu zimachotsa mitembo yonse ya nyama zakufa zimene zingachititse kuti majeremusi oopsa aswane n’kumadwalitsa nyama zina.

Nthaŵi zina mumatha kuonanso mbalame ina ya miyendo italiitali imene imadya njoka. Mbalame imeneyi ili ndi zinthenga zazitali kunkhongo kwake, ndipo nthengazi zimafanana ndi zolembera zanthenga zimene ankalembera nthaŵi ya makedzana. Chifukwa chakuti siichita zinthu mwachifatse, nthaŵi zonse imangooneka ngati yacheredwa. Kulinso mbalame zina monga adokowe ndiponso akakowa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Ngakhale kuti nkhalangoyi ndi yaing’ono ili ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Chakumadzulo kwake kuli chitchire cha makilomita oposa 7, ndipo pachaka kumeneko kumagwa mvula yambiri kwabasi. Kumeneku kuli mitengo yosiyanasiyana ndipo ina ndi yokongola kwambiri. Chakummwera ndi kummaŵa kwake kuli zidikha, zigwa ndi zitunda zazikulu kwabasi, ndipo pachaka kumeneko kumagwa mvula yochulukirapo ndithu. Udzu ndi timitengo tina tosiyanasiyana, komanso mitundu ingapo ya mitengo ya kesha zimapangitsa kuti nkhalangoyi izioneka mogwirizanadi ndi tchire la ku Africa kuno.

Chinanso chimene chimachititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi miyala yochititsa kaso imene inayalana motsetsereka mpaka mamita 100 kutsikira kuchigwa. Kunena zoona, miyalayi njovuta kwambiri kukwera ngakhale kwa akatswiri odziŵa kukwera mapiri!

Nkhalangoyi Yayamba Kukhala Pampanipani

Chinthu chimodzi chimene chikuchititsa kuti pakhale mavuto ambiri poteteza zinyamazi ndicho anthu. Nkhalangoyi ikhoza kutha posachedwapa chifukwa cha zimene anthu akuchita, ati pofuna chitukuko. Mzinda wa Nairobi umene unatchukitsa nkhalangoyi padziko lonse ukukulirakulirabe, ndipo zimenezi zikupangitsa kuti nyamazo zizikhala mwampanipani. Anthu akuchulukana mumzindawu, choncho akutenga malo ambiri okhala, ndipo nyamazo sizingawaletse kutero. Nawonso madzi okhala ndi zonyansa, ochokera m’mafakitale akufupi ndi nkhalangoyi, si abwino ku zamoyo zonse za m’nkhalangomu.

Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri kuti nyama za m’nkhalangoyi zisatheretu ndicho mikwaso yoti nyama zina zimene zimasamukasamuka zizidutsamo. Koma malo aakulu a nkhalangoyi ndi otchingidwa ndi waya chifukwa choopera kuti nyamazo zisatuluke kukafika mumzindawo. Kuwonjezera minda ndiponso kudyetsera ziŵeto kumalo ochepa opanda waya amene ali chakummwera kwa nkhalangoyi, kukutsekereza zinyama kuti zizilephera kudutsa kupita kwina n’kwina. Kuzitsekerezeratu nyama zimenezi kungaipitse zinthu kwambiri. Zikhoza kutheka kuti nyama zimene zatuluka kuti zikapeze chakudya kwina sizingadzathe kupezanso njira yoti zibwererenso! Pofuna kuti malo odutsa nyamazi asatherethu, bungwe lalikulu kwambiri loteteza zinyama ku Kenya, linagula malo ena a minda ogundizana ndi nkhalangoyi. Mavutoŵa ali apo, chaka chilichonse nkhalango ya Nairobi National Park imakopabe alendo ambirimbiri kuti akaone zinthu zochititsa chidwi kumeneko.

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Kadyamsonga

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Kambuku

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Gulu la mbalame zangati adokowe

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Ng’ona

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Mkango

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Dokowe watsumba

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Chipembere

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Nthiŵatiŵa