Kodi Nyengoyi Yasokonekera?

“MNGELEZI akakumana ndi Mngelezi mnzake nkhani yoyamba kukambirana imakhala ya nyengo.” Wolemba mabuku wina wotchuka wotchedwa Samuel Johnson, anatero mongoseleula. Komatu masiku ano, kutchula za nyengo si pongoyambira nkhani ayi. Padziko lonse anthu ayamba kuda nkhaŵa kwambiri ndi nyengo. Bwanji akutero? Chifukwa chakuti nyengoyi, imene ili yosapanganika kale n’kale, ikuoneka kuti masiku ano yachita kunyanya kusapanganika kwakeku.

Mwachitsanzo, ku Ulaya kunagwa chimvula chadzaoneni m’nyengo yachilimwe m’chaka cha 2002. Akuti mvula imeneyi inachititsa kuti “m’chigawo cha pakati cha Ulaya musefukire madzi kwambiri kuposa nthaŵi ina iliyonse m’zaka 100 zapitazi.” Tangoonani malipoti aŵa:

AUSTRIA: “Kunagwa chimvula chamkuntho choopsa makamaka m’zigawo za Salzburg, Carinthia, ndi Tirol. Misewu yambiri inali matope okhaokha, omwe anasakanikirana ndi zogumukagumuka komanso zinyalala n’kuunjikika mpaka mamita 15. Ku Vienna, pa siteshoni ina ya sitima yotchedwa Südbahnhof, mvula yamabingu inachititsa ngozi yasitima imene anthu ochuluka anavulalapo.”

CZECH REPUBLIC: “Anthu a mumzinda wa Prague zimenezi zawachititsa nthumanzi. Koma m’madera ena zinthu zachita kunyanya. Anthu okwana 200,000 athaŵa nyumba zawo. Madzi asefukira mpaka kumiza nyumba zonse m’matauni ena.”

FRANCE: “Anthu 23 afa, 9 akusoŵa, ndipo ena ambirimbiri ali pa vuto ladzaoneni . . . Anthu atatu anaphedwa ndi mphenzi imene inawawomba kukugwa mvula Lolemba. . . . Munthu wina wogwira ntchito yozimitsa moto anafa atapulumutsa mwamuna wina ndi mkazi wake omwe anagwira njakata madzi osefukira atakokolola galimoto yawo, iwo ali momwemo.”

GERMANY: “M’mbiri yonse ya dzikoli aka n’koyamba kuti anthu asamuke chonchi m’matauni ndi m’midzi chifukwa cha madzi osefukira omwe ‘sanafunikirepo moteremu m’zaka 100 zapitazi.’ Anthu zikwizikwi athaŵa kwawo. Ambiri angothaŵa chifukwa anali m’malo angozi. Ena anapulumutsidwa zinthu zitathina kale powatenga pa maboti kapena pa ndege za helikoputala.”

KU ROMANIA: “Kuchokera cha m’katikati mwa mwezi wa July, anthu pafupifupi khumi ndi aŵiri anafa chifukwa cha chimvula chimenechi.”

KU RUSSIA: “Anthu pafupifupi 58 anafa m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Black Sea. . . Mpaka pano pafupifupi magalimoto ndi mabasi 30 adakali pansi pa nyanja ndipo n’zosatheka kuwafunafuna chifukwa achenjeza kuti kugwanso chimvula china chowononga.”

 Sizikuchitika ku Ulaya Kokha

Mu August 2002, nyuzipepala ya ku Germany yotchedwa Süddeutsche Zeitung, inati: “Mvula yambiri ndiponso mphepo yamkuntho yawononga kwambiri ku Asia, ku Ulaya, ndi ku South America. Lachitatu anthu osachepera 50 anafa chifukwa cha miyala ndi dothi limene linagumuka m’phiri lina ku Nepal. Chimphepo chamkuntho chinapha anthu asanu ndi atatu kum’mwera kwa dziko la China ndipo chinachititsa kuti m’chigawo chapakati cha dzikolo mugwe chimvula chadzaoneni. Kusefukira kwa madzi kumeneku kunachititsa kuti mtsinje wa Mekong usefukire n’kumiza nyumba zopitirira 100 kumpoto cha kum’maŵa kwa dziko la Thailand, ndipotu mtsinjewu sunadzazepo motere m’zaka 30 zapitazi. . . . Ku Argentina anthu pafupifupi asanu anapita ndi madzi kutagwa chimvula choopsa. . . . Anthu opitirira 1,000 afa chifukwa cha mvula ya mkuntho ya m’chilimwe ku China.”

Panthaŵi imene anthu a m’madera ambiri padziko lonse ankavutika ndi madzi osefukira, anthu a ku United States ankavutika ndi chilala choopsa. Lipoti lina linati: “M’dziko lonseli anthu ali ndi nkhaŵa poona kuti zitsime zikuphwera ndiponso kuumiratu, mitsinje yambiri yaphwera kuposa kale lonse, ndipo moto wolusa waŵirikiza kuposa kaŵiri, zomwe zili zosagwirizana ndi nyengo inoyo ya chaka. Akatswiri akuona kuti ndalama zosaneneka zisakazika ndi chilala cha mu 2002 chimenechi, chifukwa chowonongetsa mbewu ndiponso malo odyetsera ziŵeto, chachepetsa malo opezeka madzi akumwa, chachititsa kuti kukhale moto wolusa komanso akamvulumvulu.”

Kuyambira m’ma 1960, m’madera ena a kumpoto kwa Africa, mwakhala chilala chadzaoneni. Malipoti ena anati, ‘m’zaka zimenezi kunagwa mvula yochepa kwambiri poyerekezera ndi mvula imene inagwa m’zaka 50 kuyambira m’chaka cha 1901 ndipo zimenezi zachititsa kuti kukhale njala ndiponso zaphetsa anthu ambiri.’

Mphepo ya El Niño, yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kufunda kwa madzi m’dera la kum’maŵa kwa nyanja ya Pacific, nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi imachititsa kuti madzi asefukire ndiponso kuti nyengo isokonekere ku North America ndi ku South America. * Bungwe lofalitsa nkhani la CNN linanena kuti m’chaka cha 1983 ndi 1984 kusintha kwa nyengo kumeneku “kunaphetsa anthu 1,000, kunachititsa masoka osiyanasiyana a zanyengo pafupifupi padziko lonse omwe anawononga katundu komanso ziŵeto za ndalama zokwana madola 10 biliyoni.” Kuchokera pamene anadziŵa za El Niño m’zaka za m’ma 1800, vutoli layamba kuchitikachitika (pafupifupi zaka zinayi zilizonse). Koma akatswiri ena akuona kuti, “El Niño akuchitikachitika masiku ano” ndipo kuti m’tsogolomu “achita kunyanya.”

Nkhani imene inafalitsidwa ndi bungwe la U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration inanena mawu olimbikitsa akuti: “Nthaŵi zambiri ifeyo tikamaona ngati kuti kunja sikuli bwino, mwina kukamatentha kwambiri muja kapena kukamagwa chimvula chadzaoneni chija, kwenikweni zimangokhala kuti nyengo ikusintha monga mwa kukhala kwake.” Komabe zinthu zina zikuonetsa kuti pali vuto linalake lalikulu. Gulu loona zachilengedwe la Greenpeace linanena kuti: “Nyengo ipitirira kusokonekera kwambiri moti padziko lonse papitirira kukhala mphepo zoopsa zamkuntho ndiponso mvula yadzaoneni. Chilala ndiponso madzi osefukira zidzafika posintha maonekedwe a dzikoli, n’kumiza madera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndiponso kuwononga nkhalango.” Koma kodi pali umboni uliwonse wotsimikizira zimenezi? Ngati ulipodi, kodi n’chiyani chikuchititsa ‘nyengo kusokonekera’ chonchi?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Zithunzi pamasamba 2, 3]

Madzi osefukira ku Germany (pamwambapa) ndi ku Czech Republic (kumanzereku)