Njira Zisanu ndi Imodzi Zosamalira Thanzi Lanu

Zimavuta Kwambiri M’maiko Osauka

ANTHU ambiri masiku ano, amafunika kulimbikira kuti akhale aukhondo, makamaka m’mayiko amene amasoŵa madzi abwino ndiponso njira zokwanira zothandiza anthu kukhala aukhondo. Komatu n’kofunika zedi kuchita khama kuti mukhale aukhondo. Panopa akuti kupitirira theka la matenda ndi imfa zonse za ana zimabwera chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timaloŵa m’kamwa mwawo kudzera m’manja awo akuda kapena kudzera m’chakudya kaya madzi okhala ndi tizilombo. Matenda ambiri makamaka otsegula m’mimba, angapeŵedwe potsatira njira izi zomwe zili m’buku lakuti Facts for life, la bungwe loona za ana la United Nations Children’s Fund.

1 Fotserani bwinobwino zonyansa zonse

Tizilombo tambiri toyambitsa matenda timapezeka m’zonyansa za munthu kapena m’ndowe za ziŵeto. Ndipo tizilomboti tikaloŵa m’madzi ndi m’chakudya kapenanso tikakhala m’manja, m’ziŵiya kapena pamalo amene amakonzerapo zakudya ndi podyera, timatha kuloŵa m’kamwa n’kutimeza, kekako n’kuyambitsa matenda. Njira yabwino yotetezera kufalikira kwa tizilombo timeneti ndiyo yokwirira zonyansa zonse. Zonyansa za munthu ziyenera kutayidwa m’chimbudzi. Onetsetsani kuti pakhomo, m’njira, kapena m’malo mmene ana amaseŵeramo mulibe ndowe.

Ngati palibe chimbudzi, zonyansazo ziyenera kukwiriridwa mwamsanga. Kumbukirani kuti zonyansa zonse kuphatikizapo za ana, zimakhala ndi tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda. Zonyansa za ana ziyeneranso kutayidwa m’chimbudzi kapena kukwiriridwa.

Sesani ndi kukonza m’zimbudzi nthaŵi zonse ndipo ziyenera kukhala zovundikira, ngati zili za madzi muyenera kumazigwejemula.

2 Sambani m’manja

Mufunika kumasamba m’manja kaŵirikaŵiri. Kusamba m’manja ndi sopo kapena phulusa kumachotsa tizilombo. Kusamba m’manja ndi madzi okha sikokwanira, koma manja onse ayenera kupakidwa sopo kapena phulusa.

N’kofunika kwambiri kusamba m’manja mukachita chimbudzi ndiponso mukapukuta mwana amene wachita chimbudzi kumene. Komanso, muyenera kusamba m’manja mukagwira chiŵeto, musanayambe  kukonza zakudya, ndiponso musanayambe kudyetsa mwana.

Kusamba m’manja kumateteza anthu ku nyongolotsi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Nyongolotsi zimenezi n’zazing’ono kwambiri moti popanda makina a maikulosikopu sizingaonedwe. Zimakhala m’zonyansa ndi mumkodzo, madzi a pamtunda ndi m’dothi, ndiponso m’nyama yaiŵisi kapena yosaphikidwa bwino. Kusamba m’manja ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yoteteza tizilombo kuti tisaloŵe m’thupi. Komanso kuvala nsapato panthaŵi imene muli pafupi ndi chimbudzi, kungateteze tizilombo timene tingaloŵe m’thupi lanu kudzera kumapazi.

Ana amaika manja awo mkamwa kaŵirikaŵiri, chotero n’kofunika kumawasambitsa manja awo nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, makamaka akachita chimbudzi ndiponso asanayambe kudya. Aphunzitseni kusamba m’manja ndi kupeŵa kuseŵera pafupi ndi chimbudzi kapena pamalo ochitirapo chimbudzi.

3 Sukusulani kumaso tsiku ndi tsiku

Kuti mupeŵe matenda a maso, sukusulani kumaso tsiku ndi tsiku pogwiritsa ntchito sopo ndi madzi. Ngakhalenso ana muyenera kuwatsuka kumaso. Kumaso kukakhala kwa litsiro kumaitana ntchentche zomwe zimabweretsa tizilombo. Tizilombo timeneti tingayambitse matenda a maso mwinanso ngakhale kum’chititsa munthu khungu.

Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi muziyang’ana maso a ana anu. Maso abwino sakhala ouma ndipo amakhala owala. Ngati maso a mwanayo ali ouma, ofiira, ngati amapweteka kwambiri kapena ngati amatuluka madzi, afunika kuonana ndi odziŵa zaumoyo kapena dokotala.

4 Gwiritsani ntchito madzi abwino okha

Mabanja sadwaladwala ngati amagwiritsa ntchito madzi abwino omwe ndi otetezeka ku tizilombo. Mwina madzi anu ndi aukhondo ngati amatungidwa pa mpopi wokonzedwa ndi wosamaliridwa bwino kapenanso pa zitsime ndi akasupe osaipitsidwa. Madzi ochokera ku maiŵe, mitsinje, ndi mathanki osavundikira kapena zitsime zosavundikira sakhala abwino kwenikweni, komabe mukawaŵiritsa amakhala aukhondo.

Zitsime ziyenera kuvundikiridwa. Zitini, zingwe, ndi mitsuko yotungira madzi ndi yosungiramo madziwo ifunika kutsukidwa nthaŵi zonse ndi kuikidwa pamalo oyera, osati pansi. Ziŵeto ziyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi malo otungapo madzi akumwa  ndiponso malo okhala anthu. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pafupi ndi pamene pali madzi.

Madzi a m’nyumba mwanumo, ayenera kusungidwa m’chinthu choyera bwino ndi kuwavundikira. N’kwabwino kwambiri kukhala ndi chosungira madzi chokhala ndi kampopi kotulutsira madziwo. Ngati palibe, mungagwiritsire ntchito chinthu chimene chili ndi chogwirira chachitali kapena kapu yoyera bwino potunga madziwo. Madzi akumwa sayenera kugwiridwa ndi manja alitsiro.

5 Tetezani chakudya ku tizilombo

Mwa kuphika kwambiri chakudya, mungaphe tizilombo. Chakudya, makamaka nyama, chiyenera kupsa bwinobwino. Tizilombo timachuluka mofulumira m’chakudya chikayamba kuzizira. Choncho, chakudya chiyenera kudyedwa nthaŵi yomweyo pamene chaphikidwa. Ngati mukufuna kusunga chakudya kwa maola oposa aŵiri, onetsetsani kuti mwachisunga m’malo otentha kapena ozizira kwambiri. Ndiponso ngati mukufuna kusunga chakudya kuti chidyedwe panthaŵi ina, muyenera kuchivundikira bwinobwino. Zimenezi zimateteza ntchentche ndi tizilombo tina kuti tisakhudze chakudyacho. Musanayambe kudya, muyenera kuchitenthetsanso kaye.

Mkaka wa m’mawere ngofunika komanso ngotetezeka kwambiri kwa makanda ndi ana aang’ono. Mkaka wa ziŵeto umene watenthetsedwa pamoto kapena wagulidwa kusitolo, umakhala wotetezeka kwambiri kusiyana ndi wosatenthetsa. Peŵani kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo oyamwitsira ana, pokhapokha ngati mwawatsuka kwambiri ndi madzi otentha musanawagwiritse ntchito nthaŵi iliyonseyo. Mabotolo oyamwitsira ana nthaŵi zambiri amakhala ndi tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda otsegula m’mimba. N’kopindulitsa kwambiri kuyamwitsa mwana wanu mkaka wa m’mawere kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kapu yaukhondo imene ilibe chotsekera kukamwa kwake.

Tsukani zipatso ndi masamba m’madzi abwino. Kuchita zimenezi n’kofunika kwambiri makamaka ngati mukupatsa ana zakudya zosaphika.

6 Tayani zinyalala zonse za m’nyumba

Ntchentche, mphemvu, makoswe, ndi mbeŵa zimafalitsa tizilombo. Tinthu timeneti timakonda kukhala kwambiri m’zinyalala. Ngati pamalo amene mumakhalapo palibe motayiramo zinyalala, tayani zinyalala zonse za m’nyumba m’dzenje mmene mungazikwirire kapena kuzitentha tsiku lililonse. Pakhomo panu muzipasamalira potaya kutali zinyalala ndi madzi oipa.

Nthaŵi zonse mukatsatira malangizo ameneŵa, chidzakhala chizoloŵezi chanu cha tsiku ndi tsiku kuchita zimenezo. Si zinthu zovuta ndipo sizilira ndalama zambiri kuti muzichite, m’malo mwake mudzasamalira thanzi lanu ndi la banja lanu.

[Chithunzi patsamba 27]

Kumene kulibe chimbudzi, zonyansazo ziyenera kukwiriridwa mwamsanga

[Chithunzi patsamba 27]

Sambani manja anu nthaŵi zonse

[Chithunzi pamasamba 28, 29]

Sukusulani kumaso tsiku ndi tsiku pogwiritsa ntchito sopo ndi madzi

[Chithunzi patsamba 28]

Mabanja sadwaladwala ngati amagwiritsa ntchito madzi abwino ndi kumawateteza ku tizilombo

[Chithunzi patsamba 29]

Ngati mukufuna kusunga chakudya chophikaphika kuti chidyedwe panthaŵi ina, muyenera kuchivundikira bwinobwino

[Chithunzi patsamba 29]

Zinyalala zonse za m’nyumba ziyenera kukwiriridwa kapena kutenthedwa tsiku ndi tsiku