Mafuta—Kodi Ndi Dalitso Komanso Tsoka?

KODI mafuta okumbidwa pansi komanso zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku mafutaŵa amazidalira motani m’mayiko otukuka? Mafuta ndiponso gasi n’zofunikira kwambiri m’mayikoŵa ndipo, monga mmene Daniel Yergin ananenera m’buku lake lotchedwa The Prize, zimenezi zachititsa kuti “anthu azidalira kwambiri mafuta a pansi panthaka.” Tangoganizirani kuti pali zinthu monga mafuta otenthetsera m’nyumba, girizi, makandulo ndi tala zomwe zimachokera ku mafutaŵa. Ndiye pali zinthu zinanso zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zotengedwa ku mafuta monga, ndege, magalimoto, maboti, mankhwala omatira zinthu, penti, nsalu za poliyesita, nsapato, zoseŵeretsa za ana, zosinthira mtundu wa nsalu, asipirini, perefyumu, zodzoladzola, ma disiki a wailesi, makompyuta, ma TV, komanso matelefoni. Tsiku lililonse anthu ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zambiri mwa zinthu zopitirira 4,000 zochokera ku mafutaŵa zomwe zimalamulira kwambiri moyo wamakono. Nanga bwanji za nkhani yakuti mafuta akhala akuwononga zachilengedwe chiyambireni kuwakumba?

Ndi Mfumu “Yosalamulira Bwino”

Cha kumapeto kwa m’ma 1940, nkhondo ya pakati pa dziko la Romania ndi Hungary ikuoneka kuti yatsala pang’ono kuyambika, wolamulira wankhanza wa chipani cha Nazi, Adolf Hitler, analoŵererapo msanga poleletsa mayiko aŵiriwo. Kodi iyeyu anatero powafunira zabwino? Ayi, chifukwa kwenikweni iye ankangofuna kuletsa dziko la Soviet Union kulanda zitsime za mafuta za ku Romania. Nkhani ya mafuta ndiyonso makamaka inachititsa kuti dziko la Iraq liloŵerere m’dziko la Kuwait m’chaka cha 1990, ndiponso kuti mayiko ena aloŵererepo poletsa zimenezi. Komatu zochitika zoterezi sizinangochitika nthaŵi zokhazi. Anthu achititsa nkhondo ndiponso mavuto nthaŵi zambirimbiri chifukwa chofunitsitsa kukhala ndi ulamuliro pa za mafuta.

Sikuti mafuta ngofunika pa moyo wamakono chabe komanso m’pamene pagona ndale ndiponso zofuna za anthu enaake oopeka. Bungwe loyang’anira mayiko ogulitsa mafuta la Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), posachedwa pompa linanena kuti mafuta si chinthu wamba ayi koma ndi “chinthu chimene chimakhudza nkhani za ndale.” Mayiko agwiritsira ntchito mafuta pa zandale pokhazikitsa malamulo osala mayiko enaake pa zamalonda. Komanso zigaŵenga zakhala zikuwononga zitsime za mafuta, mafakitale oyenga mafuta, ndi sitima zonyamula mafuta ndipo nthaŵi zambiri ziwembuzi zakhala zikuwonongetsa kwambiri chilengedwe.

Akuti makampani a mafuta ndiwonso amachititsa kuti chilengedwechi chiziwonongeka chifukwa amatulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide, umene n’zotheka kuti ukuwonjezera vuto la kutentha kwa padziko lonse. Malingana ndi lipoti lochokera ku kampani yotchedwa PEMEX (Mexican Petroleums), yomwe ndi imodzi mwa makampani a mafuta akuluakulu zedi padziko lonse, nthaŵi iliyonse akamatcheza mafuta pamatuluka zinthu zoipa. Ambiri akuona kuti zinthu sizinasinthe kwenikweni ngakhale kuti masiku ano petulo sakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zoipitsa mpweya, ndipotu patha zaka pafupifupi 6 kuchokera pamene mayiko 161 anapanga pangano lotchedwa Kyoto Protocol, poyesa kuchepetsa vuto la kutentha kwa padziko lonse. Koma bungwe la OPEC limati “mafuta ndiwo amabweretsa chuma ndi chitukuko chimene anthu akudyerera masiku ano” m’mayiko ambiri. Komano kodi zinthu zimakhaladi choncho nthaŵi zonse?

Anthu ena angatchule za mmene ntchito yokumba mafuta ndi kuikira mapaipi pansi yawonongera zinthu. Ena angatchulepo za kuchuluka kwa malova ku Saudi Arabia, dziko lomwe lili ndi mafuta ochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse. Alí Rodríguez Araque, yemwe ndi mtsogoleri wa bungwe la OPEC, anati: “Maboma a mayiko otukuka akudyera masuku pamutu kwambiri opanga, oyenga ndiponso ogula mafuta, powaikira malamulo ovuta kwambiri kutsatira.”

Bungwe lotchedwa CorpWatch lomwe limaonetsetsa kuti makampani akutsatiradi malamulo monga okhudza kusawononga chilengedwe linati: “Mafuta adakali Mfumu. Koma ndi Mfumu yosalamulira bwino.”

Kodi tsogolo la mafuta n’lotani?