Nthaŵi Imene Majeremusi Sadzadwalitsanso Aliyense

MAJEREMUSI, kapena kuti tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso paokha, n’tofunikiranso pamoyo. Mbali yaikulu ya dothi komanso matupi athu mumapezeka majeremusi. Monga mmene bokosi lakuti “Mitundu ya Majeremusi,” pa tsamba 7 lanenera, “mabakiteriya alipo osaneneka m’matupi athu.” Ambiri ngopindulitsa ndiponso ngofunika kuti tikhale athanzi. Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yochepa imene imadwalitsa, tingalimbe mtima podziŵa kuti mtsogolo muno sikudzakhalanso majeremusi odwalitsa aliyense.

Tisanaone njira imene idzathetse mavuto onse amene majeremusi amabweretsa, tiyeni tione kaye ntchito imene ikuchitika panopo poyesa kulimbana ndi majeremusi oyambitsa matenda. Kuphatikiza pa zimene muŵerenge m’bokosi la m’nkhani ino lakuti “Zimene Mungachitepo,” taonani zimene a zachipatala achita poyesa kulimbana ndi majeremusi osamva mankhwala.

Zimene Akufuna Kuchitapo Padziko Lonse

Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, yemwe kale anali mkulu wa bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO), analongosola zimene anthu akuchitapo pankhaniyi. M’chikalata chotchedwa Report on Infectious Diseases 2000 chonena zolimbana ndi majeremusi osamva mankhwala, iye anati m’pofunika “kuti padziko lonse papezeke njira yochepetsa vuto la kusamva mankhwala” kwa majeremusiŵa. Ananenanso kuti m’pofunika “kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa anthu a zaumoyo,” ndipo anagogomezera kuti: “Ino ndiyo nthaŵi yoti tiyambe kuchita khama kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi.”

M’chaka cha 2001, bungwe la WHO linalemba chikalata chopempha mayiko onse kuti alimbane ndi vutoli. Chikalata chimenechi chinatchula ndondomeko zofotokozera anthu a zaumoyo ndiponso anthu ena onse “zinthu zimene angachitepo ndi mmene angazichitire.” Zinanso zinali zokhudza kuphunzitsa anthu mmene angapeŵere matenda, komanso kuwalangiza mmene angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana a matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi anthuwo akadwala.

Komanso, ogwira ntchito zaumoyo, monga madokotala, manesi, ndiponso anthu ena ogwira ntchito m’zipatala anauzidwa kuti azichita zinthu mosamala popeŵa kufalitsa matenda. N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti atafufuza anapeza kuti anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito zachipatala amanyalanyazabe zosamba m’manja kapena kusintha magulovu asanayambe kuthandiza wodwala wina.

Ofufuza apezanso kuti madokotala amalembera odwala mankhwala a matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi mosafunikira. Chifukwa chimodzi chikuchititsa vutoli n’chakuti anthu amakakamiza madokotala kuti awapatse mankhwala otere poganiza kuti achira msanga. Choncho, madokotala amaperekadi mankhwalawo pofuna kungosangalatsa odwalawo. Nthaŵi zambiri madokotala sayesa n’komwe kuwafotokozera odwala za mankhwalawo komanso sakhala ndi njira yotha kudziŵira mtundu wa majeremusi amene akudwalitsa odwalawo. Mwinanso amatha kum’lembera wodwala mankhwala ongotuluka chatsopano omwe amatha kupha mitundu yambirimbiri ya majeremusi osiyanasiyana. Izinso zimawonjezera vuto la majeremusi osamva mankhwala.

Mbali zinanso zimene zinatchulidwa m’chikalata cha bungwe la WHO chija ndi zokhudza zipatala, kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zaumoyo m’dziko, anthu opanga zakudya, makampani opanga mankhwala, ndiponso akuluakulu opanga malamulo. Chikalatacho chinalimbikitsa magawo onseŵa kuti azigwirizana n’cholinga cholimbana ndi vuto lomwe likudetsa nkhaŵa padziko lonse la majeremusi osamva mankhwala. Koma kodi ntchito imeneyi iyenda bwinobwino?

 Zimene Zikulepheretsa Kuthetsa Vutoli

Chikalata cha bungwe la WHO chija chinasonyeza vuto lalikulu limene likulepheretsa kuthetsa mavuto a zaumoyo. Vuto lake ndi mtima wongofuna kupezerapo ndalama. Koma Baibulo limanena kuti kukonda ndalama kumabweretsa “zoipa zonse.” (1 Timoteo 6:9, 10) Bungwe la WHO linati: “Tiyeneranso kuganizira za mmene timachitira zinthu ndi makampani opanga mankhwala, ndiponso zokhazikitsa malamulo okhudza anthu otsatsa mankhwala a makampani awo kwa ogwira ntchito m’zipatala komanso tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti makampani opanga mankhwala akumatani akamaphunzitsa anthu a zaumoyo.”

Makampani opanga mankhwala akhala akutsatsa mankhwala awo kwa madokotala mochita kusoŵetsa mtendere. Masiku ano amachita zimenezi pa TV kwa anthu ena onse. Zimenezi zikuoneka kuti zawonjezera vuto la kukonda kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, zimenenso zakulitsa kwambri vuto la majeremusi osamva mankhwala.

Mu chikalata cha bungwe la WHO chija munali mbali ina yofotokoza za kupereka mankhwala opha majeremusi ku ziŵeto, yomwe inati: “Madokotala a ziŵeto m’mayiko ena amapeza pafupifupi theka la ndalama zawo zonse pogulitsa mankhwala, motero saletsa anthu khalidwe logwiritsira ntchito mankhwalaŵa mosayenerera.” Monga mmene mabuku ambiri amanenera, majeremusi osamva mankhwala anabwera ndiponso akuchuluka chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito mosayenerera mankhwala opha majeremusi.

N’zodabwitsa kwambiri kuona kuchuluka kwa mankhwala otere amene akupangidwa. Ku United  States kokha, pachaka amapanga mankhwala otere okwana makilogalamu 20 miliyoni! Ndipo anthu amagwiritsira ntchito pafupifupi theka lokha la mankhwala onse otereŵa opangidwa padziko lonse. Ena onsewo amangowafayira m’mbewu kapena amapatsa ziweto. Anthu ambiri amathira mankhwala m’zakudya za ziweto zodyedwa kuti zikule msanga.

Udindo wa Boma

M’pomveka kuti Chidule cha chikalata cha bungwe la WHO chija chinati: “Udindo waukulu wa kugwiritsira ntchito mfundo za m’chikalatachi ukhala m’manja mwa mayiko paokhapaokha. Maboma ali ndi udindo waukulu kwambiri pankhaniyi.”

Inde, maboma ambiri ayambapo ntchito zoyesa kuchepetsa vutoli, ndipo akugogomezera kwambiri mfundo yakuti anthu ayenera kugwirizana m’mayiko mwawomo ngakhalenso kunja kuti athe kulimbana ndi vutoli bwinobwino. Pa ntchito zimenezi amaonetsetsanso kuti anthu akugwiritsira ntchito bwino mankhwalaŵa, kuonetsetsa majeremusi amene sakumva mankhwala, kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendaŵa, kugwiritsira ntchito bwino mankhwala ophera majeremusi pa za chipatala ndi zaulimi, kufufuza kuti amvetsetse vuto la majeremusi osamva mankhwala, ndiponso kupanga mankhwala atsopano. Chikalata cha bungwe la WHO chija chotchedwa Report on Infectious Diseases 2000 sichinali cholimbikitsa kwenikweni. Chifukwa chiyani tikutero?

Chikalatacho chinanena kuti panali vuto la “kusoŵa chidwi kwa maboma amene saganizira kwambiri  nkhani zaumoyo wa anthu.” Chinapitiriza kuti: “Matenda komanso majeremusi osamva mankhwala, amachulukananso kwambiri kumene kuli nkhondo, umphaŵi, anthu ochuluka opita ndi kuchokera kumadera ena, ndiponso vuto la kuwononga malo okhala limene limachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azidwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi.” N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti mavuto onseŵa ndi mavuto oti maboma a anthu akhala akukanika kuwathetsa.

Komano Baibulo limanena kuti kukubwera boma limene lidzathetse mavuto amene amabweretsa matenda komanso kuthetseratu matenda onsewo. Mwina mungaganize kuti pali majeremusi ena amene azidzavutitsabe basi, koma si choncho ayi chifukwa pali mfundo zomveka zokhulupirira kuti mtsogolomu zinthu sizidzakhala choncho.

Nthaŵi Imene Majeremusi Sadzadwalitsanso Aliyense

Kalekale mneneri Yesaya wa m’Baibulo ananenapo za boma loposa maboma a anthu ndipo anatchulanso wolamulira wake. Taonani zimene ulosiwu umanena malingana ndi Baibulo la King James: ‘Pakuti mwana wakhanda watibadwira, mwana wamwamuna tapatsidwa: ndipo boma lidzakhala m’manja mwake: ndipo adzatchedwa dzina lakuti Wodabwitsa, Mlangizi, Mulungu wamphamvu, Atate Wosatha, Kalonga wa Mtendere.’—Yesaya 9:6.

Kodi mwana ameneyu, kalonga amene adzalandire ulamuliroyu, ndani? Taonani mmene anam’dziŵikitsira ngakhale asanabadwe. Mngelo Gabrieli anauza namwali Mariya kuti: ‘Ndipo taona, udzakhala ndi pakati, nudzabala mwana wamwamuna, nudzamutcha dzina lake Yesu. Iye adzakhala wamkulu . . . , ndipo ufumu wake sudzatha.’—Luka 1:31-33.

Yesu atakula, anasonyezadi kuti iyeyo ndiye anali wolamulira wa boma la Ufumu wa Mulungu amene analonjezedwa. Yesu anayenda ponseponse kulalikira “uthenga wabwino wa Ufumuwo” ndipo anasonyezanso mphamvu zake zoti angathe kuchotsa matenda onse. Baibulo limanena kuti ‘makamu ambiri a anthu anadza kwa iye, ali nawo opunduka miyendo, akhungu, osalankhula, opunduka ziŵalo, ndi ena ambiri, nawakhazika pansi pa mapazi ake: ndipo iye anawachiritsa; kotero kuti khamulo linazizwa, pakupenya osalankhula nalankhula, opunduka ziŵalo nachira, ndi opunduka miyendo nayenda, ndi akhungu napenya.’—Mateyu 9:35; 15:30, 31.

Inde, Yesu ankachiza matenda kapena chilema chilichonse chimene munthu anali nacho. Mpaka anaukitsa anthu angapo amene anafapo! (Luka 7:11-17; 8:49-56; Yohane 11:38-44) N’zoona kuti nthaŵi inadzafikabe imene anthu amene anachiritsidwa, ngakhalenso amene anaukitsidwawo, anadzafa. Komabe, zozizwitsa za Yesu zinasonyeza zimene iye adzachite mtsogolo kwa anthu amene adzakhale padziko lapansi muulamuliro wa Ufumu wake. Baibulo limalonjeza kuti panthaŵi imeneyo “wokhalamo sadzanena, Ine ndidwala.”—Yesaya 33:24; Chivumbulutso 21:3, 4.

Masiku ano, monga tonse tikudziŵira bwino, aliyense angathe kudwala kapenanso kufa. Majeremusi amavutitsa anthu osaneneka, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri amapha kumene. Komatu thupi la munthu analipanga modabwitsa kwambiri moti anthu ena amadabwa kuti zimatheka bwanji kuti munthu adwale. Dokotala wina dzina lake Lewis Thomas analemba za ntchito yofunika ya mabakiteriya ndipo anati zodwala chifukwa cha mabakiteriya zimangochitika “ngati ngozi.” Iye anatinso: “N’kutheka kuti mphamvu zoteteza thupi la odwalawo kumatenda zimakhala kuti zasokonezeka penapake.”

Inde, anthu amene mphamvu zoteteza thupi lawo zimagwira ntchito bwinobwino, amangodwala mwa apo ndi apo, mwinanso sadwala n’komwe matenda obwera ndi mabakiteriya. Komabe, anthu akakhalakhala amakalamba ndi kufa. Baibulo limanena kuti uchimo umene tinatengera kwa munthu wangwiro woyamba Adamu ndi umene unasokoneza thupi la anthu kuti lizidwala n’kumafa. Baibulo limalongosola kuti “uchimo unaloŵa m’dziko lapansi mwa munthu mmodzi, ndi imfa mwa uchimo; chotero imfa inafikira anthu onse, chifukwa kuti onse anachimwa.”—Aroma 5:12.

Komabe, Mulungu anatumiza mwana wake padziko lapansi kudzapereka moyo wake wangwiro kuti ukhale dipo lowombola anthu ku mavuto onseŵa obwera chifukwa cha uchimo. (Mateyu 20:28) Baibulo limafotokoza nkhaniyi motere: “Mphotho yake ya uchimo ndi imfa; koma mphatso yaulere ya Mulungu ndiyo moyo wosatha wa mwa Kristu Yesu Ambuye wathu.” (Aroma 6:23; 1 Yohane 5:11) Mu ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Mulungu, anthu adzaona mphamvu zochiritsa zimene zili mu nsembe ya dipo ya Kristu zikugwira ntchito. Motero majeremusi onse, ngakhale amene amayambitsa matenda masiku ano, sadzavutitsanso aliyense.

Ndithudi, n’chinthu chanzeru kudziŵa bwino za boma lolamulidwa ndi Mfumu limeneli, lomwe linalonjezedwa m’Baibulo, limenenso lidzathetse mavuto ena onse a anthu. Ndipotu Mboni za Yehova zingasangalale kukuthandizani kuti mudziŵe bwino zimenezi.

[Bokosi patsamba 19]

Zimene Mungachitepo

Kodi mungatani kuti muchepetse vuto lokhala ndi majeremusi osamva mankhwala? Bungwe la World Health Organization linaperekapo malangizo pankhaniyi. Choyamba, linatchula zinthu zimene tingachite kuti tipeŵe kudwaladwala ndiponso kufalitsa matenda. Chachiŵiri, linalongosola mmene anthu angayambire kugwiritsira ntchito bwino mankhwala ophera majeremusi osiyanasiyana m’thupi.

N’zachidziŵikire kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yopeŵera kudwaladwala ndiponso kufalitsa matenda n’kuyesetsa kukhala wathanzi. Kodi ndi zinthu zotani zimene mungamachite popeŵa kudwala?

Njira Zopeŵera Kudwala

1. Yesetsani kuchita zinthu zitatu izi: kudya moyenerera, kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi mokwanira, ndiponso kupuma mokwanira.

2. Khalani waukhondo. Akatswiri a zaumoyo amagogomezera kwambiri kuti kusamba m’manja ndiko chinthu chimodzi chofunika zedi kuti mupeŵe kudwala ndiponso kuti mupeŵe kupatsira anzanu matenda.

3. Samalani ndi chakudya chimene mumadya m’banja mwanu. Onetsetsani makamaka kuti manja anu ndiponso malo amene mumakonzera zakudya ngoyera. Nawonso madzi amene mumasambira m’manja ndiponso kutsukira chakudya chanu azikhala oyera. Nyama muziiphika mokwanira popeza kuti majeremusi amachulukana m’zakudya. Sungani zakudya moyenerera ndiponso mu firiji ziikeni moyenerera.

4. M’madera amene matenda oopsa amatha kufalitsidwa ndi tizilombo touluka, chepetsani kuchita zinthu panja kukada kapena m’maŵa kwambiri popeza nthaŵi imeneyi ndi imene tizilomboti timasangalala. Chinanso n’chakuti nthaŵi zonse muzigwiritsira ntchito masikito kapena masefa a m’mawindo ndi m’zitseko.

5. Katemera wosiyanasiyana amathandiza thupi lanu kuti likhale chikwanekwane pogonjetsa majeremusi ena ofala kudera limene mumakhala.

Pogwiritsira Ntchito Mankhwala Opha Majeremusi

1. Yambani mwaonana kaye ndi dokotala musanagule kapena kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala aliwonse opha majeremusi m’thupi. Ogulitsa mankhwala akamatsatsa mankhwala otere mwachindunji kwa anthu, nthaŵi zambiri amapindula ndi ogulitsawo osati ogulawo ayi.

2. Musakakamize dokotala kuti akulembereni mankhwala opha mabakiteriya m’thupi. Chifukwatu mukatero, dokotala angathe kungokulemberani mankhwalawo chifukwa choopa kuti mungasiye kupita kuchipatala chake. Mwachitsanzo matenda a chimfine amayamba ndi mavairasi, ndipotu mankhwala opha mabakiteriya sachiritsa chimfine ayi. Kumwa mankhwala opha mabakiteriya mukamadwala matenda obwera ndi mavairasi kungathe kuchepetsa mabakiteriya ofunika m’thupi, mwinanso n’kuchititsa kuti mabakiteriya oipa osamva mankhwala, achulukane.

3. Musamalimbikire kuti akupatseni mankhwala amene angotuluka kumene, chifukwatu mwina mankhwala otere ngosagwirizana ndi thupi lanu komanso angangokuwonongerani ndalama.

4 Mukafuna kudziŵa bwino mankhwala enaake, muzifufuza zinthu izi kwa anthu owadziŵadi bwino: Kodi ntchito yake n’chiyani? Kodi angathe kuyambitsa mavuto otani? Kodi sayenderana ndi mankhwala ena otani ndipo ndi zinthu zina zotani zimene zingachititse kuti mankhwalawo akhale oopsa?

5. Ngati mankhwalawo alidi oyenerera, zimakhala bwino kumaliza kumwa onse amene dokotala wakulemberani, ngakhale mutayamba kupeza bwino musanawamalize onsewo. Mankhwala otsalawo amathandiza kuti matendawo atheretu m’thupi mwanu.

[Chithunzi patsamba 20]

Mu ulamuliro wa boma lolungama la Mulungu, anthu azidzakhala popanda majeremusi aliwonse ovutitsa