Lavenda Mphatso Imene Imasangalatsa Lilime, Maso ndi Mphuno Zathu

Yolembedwa ndi wolemba Galamukani! ku Australia

MFUMUKAZI ELIZABETH I ya ku England inalamula kuti pa thebulo pake pazikhala zokometsera zakudya zopangidwa ndi zipatso za lavenda. Mfumu Charles VI ya ku France ankakhalira mipando imene m’kati mwake anadzazamo masamba a chomera chimenechi. Mfumukazi Victoria ya ku England inkagwiritsa ntchito chitsamba chimenechi posamba. Chitsamba chonunkhira chimenechi, chotchedwa lavenda, anthu anatengeka nacho maganizo kwambiri, ngakhale mafumu amene. Aliyense amene anayamba waimapo n’kuyang’ana munda waukulu wa zomera za masamba onkera ku buluu za lavenda angamvetse chifukwa chimene anthu ambiri amakondera zomera zonunkhira zimenezi.

Pali mitundu yopitirira 30 ya lavenda. Chitsamba chosaferapo chimenechi chimamera bwinobwino m’nyengo zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kumapiri ozizira a Alps a ku France mpaka kudera lotentha kwambiri la ku Middle East. Dzina la sayansi la chomera chimenechi loti Lavandula limachokera ku liwu lachilatini lakuti lavare lotanthauza “kusamba.” Linachokera ku mwambo wa Aroma akale amene ankanunkhiritsa madzi awo osamba ndi mafuta a lavenda.

Mankhwala Akalekale

Kugwiritsa ntchito lavenda monga mankhwala kunayamba kalekale, pafupifupi zaka 2000 zapitazo. M’zaka za m’ma 500 mpaka m’ma 1500, lavenda ankamugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri popanga viniga wotchedwa viniga wa mbava zinayi, amene ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mliri wa makoswe. Dzina la vinigayo mwina linayamba chifukwa chakuti anthu oba zinthu m’manda amene ankaba katundu wa anthu ofa ndi mliri wa makoswe ankasamba madzi othirako lavenda ameneŵa akatha kubako. Ngakhale kuti akanatha kutenga nthendayi mosavuta chifukwa cha ntchito yawoyo, zikuoneka kuti ambiri a iwo sanaitenge nthendayi.

Anthu odziŵa mankhwala a zitsamba a m’zaka za m’ma 1500 ankanena kuti lavenda angachize osati chimfine ndi mutu wokha, komanso manjenje ndi misala. Kuwonjezera apo, ankakhulupirira kuti kuvala chisoti cha mzuli chopangidwa ndi lavenda kungaonjezere nzeru za munthu. Ngakhale chaposachedwapa, panthaŵi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, maboma ena anapempha anthu awo kuti azitchola lavenda m’minda mwawo kuti mafuta ake  azikapaka pa mabala a asilikali a nkhondo.

Mmene Lavenda Wakhala Akugwiritsidwira Ntchito Pochiza Matenda

Mafuta ena a lavenda, makamaka mtundu wa lavenda wotchedwa Lavandula angustifolia, akuoneka kuti amapha mitundu inayake ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi nkhungu. Anthu ena ochita kafukufuku anena kuti mafuta a lavenda angathandize pochiza matenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya amene amakana mankhwala. Nkhani ina yofotokoza kafukufuku waposachedwapa inati: “Lavenda wakhala akuthandizanso pa ntchito ya uzamba. M’kafukufuku wa pachipatala chinachake amene anthu ambiri anachita nawo, anapeza kuti amayi onse amene anagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a lavenda [m’madzi awo osamba] ananena kuti anamva kupweteka kochepa poyerekezera ndi amene sanagwiritse ntchito mafutawa masiku atatu mpaka asanu atangobereka kumene . . . Masiku ano amagwiritsanso ntchito mafuta a lavenda m’zipinda zambiri zoberekera ana chifukwa chakuti amathandiza munthu kukhazika mtima pansi.”

Nanga bwanji za Mfumukazi Elizabeth amene ankafuna kuti aziika lavenda mu zakudya zake? Kodi munthu angadyedi lavenda? “Panthaŵi imene Mfumu Tudor ndiponso Mfumukazi Elizabeth ankalamulira ku England, anthu ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito lavenda pokometsera zakudya, ndipo ankamuthira ku ndiwo za nyama zakutchire, nyama yootcha, zipatso zosanganiza, ankamuwaza pa zakudya zotsekemera, kapena ankamudya ngati switi payekha,” anatero Judyth McLeod m’buku lake lotchedwa Lavender, Sweet Lavender. Masiku ano, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya lavenda pokometsera mabisiketi, makeke, ndi zakudya zina zamkaka zotsekemera. Komabe, si mitundu yonse ya lavenda imene ili yabwino, makamaka kwa tizilombo. Ndipo “mafuta a lavenda kapena masamba ndi maluwa ake ouma osinjidwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo m’minda ya mbewu zogulitsa . . . kapena munthu angawagwiritse ntchito pophera tizilombo m’nyumba, chifukwa lavenda amathamangitsa tizilombo ting’onoting’ono, anankafumbwe, tinsabwe ta m’masamba a mbewu ndi njenjete zimene zimadya zovala,” anapeza choncho kafukufuku winawake.

Anthu Ambiri Amamufuna

M’zaka zaposachedwa, anthu ambiri ayambiranso kumukonda lavenda. Tsopano akulimidwa kumpoto kwa America, ku Australia, ku Japan, ku New Zealand, ndi ku Ulaya. “Lavenda ali ngati vinyo,” anatero Byron, katswiri wachinyamata wa ulimi wa maluwa, zipatso, ndi ndiwo zakudimba amene ali ndi famu ya lavenda ya maekala 25 kumwera chakum’maŵa kwa chigawo cha Victoria, ku Australia. “Mafuta ochokera ku mtundu umodzi womwewo wa lavenda amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera lake, chifukwa amasintha mogwirizana ndi dothi ndi nyengo ya kumalo kumene walimidwa. Ngakhale nthaŵi imene mwakololera ndi njira yake yokololera ingasinthe mmene mafuta ake adzakhalire.”

Mosiyana ndi vinyo, mafuta a lavenda amayengedwa osati mwa kumusinja lavendayo koma mwa kumudutsitsa pa nthunzi yotentha. Byron akufotokoza kuti: “Pamafunika lavenda wochuluka makilogalamu pafupifupi 250 kuti mupeze lita imodzi ya mafuta. Maluwa, timitengo, ndi masamba a lavenda ongodulidwa kumene amawatsendera pamodzi mu m’golo wachitsulo waukulu. Kenaka amapopera nthunzi m’chibowo cha kunsi kwa m’golowo, ndipo nthunziyo ikamakwera kudutsa mu zomerazo, zimatulutsa mafuta. Nthunzi ndi mafutawo zimadutsa mwinamwake mozizira mmene nthunzi ija imasanduka madzi, kenaka zimagwera mu m’golo wina, mmene mafuta aja amapatukana ndi madziwo ndipo amayandama pamwamba. Mafutawo amayengedwa ndipo amasungidwa m’migolo youmbidwa ndi dothi m’kati mwake mmene amasiyidwa kwa miyezi ingapo kuti aloŵererane bwinobwino.”

Mafuta a lavenda ochokera ku famu ya Byron amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sopo, mafuta odzola, ndi makandulo. Maluwa okhala ku kamtengo kake amawagulitsa ongodulidwa kumene kapena oumitsidwa, ndipo maluwa otcholedwa ku kamtengo kake amakondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu amene amasanganiza maluwa osiyanasiyana ouma n’kuwaika m’kambale kuti azinunkhiritsa m’nyumba. Anthu odzaona malo ambirimbiri amabwera chaka chilichonse kudzalawa maswiti opangidwa ndi lavenda, kudzaona minda ya lavenda, ndiponso kudzanunkhiza fungo lake. Byron nthaŵi zambiri amauza alendo oyamikira ameneŵa kuti: “Ife sitipanga mafuta ameneŵa, timangowayenga. Amene anapanga lavenda ndi amene anatipatsa chomera chimenechi ngati mphatso imene imasangalatsa lilime, maso ndi mphuno zathu.”

[Bokosi patsamba 25]

Pali mitundu itatu ya mafuta a lavenda amene amagulitsidwa

Mafuta a lavenda enieni amawayenga kuchokera ku mtundu wa lavenda wotchedwa “Lavandula angustifolia.” Mosiyana ndi mafuta amene atchulidwa m’munsimu, ameneŵa alibe fungo kwenikweni. Chaka chilichonse amayenga pafupifupi matani 200 a mafuta ameneŵa.

Mafuta a mtundu winawake wa lavenda wochita kulima amachokera ku chomera chotchedwa “Lavandula latifolia.” M’chaka chimodzi matani okwana mpaka 200 a mafuta ameneŵa angayengedwe.

Mafuta a “lavandin” amachokera ku chomera cha mtundu umene unapangidwa ataphatikiza mitundu iŵiri ya lavenda imene yatchulidwa pamwambayi. Mafuta ameneŵa opitirira matani wani sauzande amagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse.

[Chithunzi patsamba 24]

Pamafamu ambiri amagwiritsabe ntchito njira zakale pokolola lavenda

[Chithunzi patsamba 24]

Mafuta a lavenda amayengedwa m’zotchezera zazikulu

[Chithunzi patsamba 24]

Mafuta a lavenda amawaika m’migolo youmbidwa ndi dothi m’kati mwake kuti alowererane bwinobwino asanayambe kuwagwiritsa ntchito m’zinthu zosiyanasiyana