Ana Ambiri Akubadwa Kudzera M’njira Zothandizira Anthu Osabereka Kuti Abereke

Pa July 25, 1978, ku Oldham, ku England, kunabadwa mwana wamkazi m’njira yodabwitsa kwambiri dzina lake Louise Joy Brown. Louise anali mwana woyamba kubadwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira anthu osabereka kuti abereke.

MIYEZI nayini izi zisanachitike, moyo wa Louise unayambika m’chipinda choyezera zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira inayake imene anatenga dzira la mayi ake n’kuliphatikiza ndi ubwamuna kunja kwa thupi lawo. Patatha masiku aŵiri ndi theka, dzira lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika n’kukhala timaselo eyiti tating’ono kwambiri, ndipo analiika m’chiberekero cha mayi ake kuti likule bwinobwino n’kusanduka mwana. Kubadwa kwa Louise kunayambitsa njira zatsopano zosiyanasiyana zothandizira anthu osabereka kuti abereke.

Njira yophatikiza dzira ndi ubwamuna kunja kwa thupi la mayi imeneyi inayambitsa njira zina zambiri zatsopano zothandizira anthu osabereka kuti abereke, zimene amagwiritsanso ntchito mazira ndi ubwamuna. Taonani zitsanzo zingapo. Mu 1984, mayi wina ku California, ku United States anabereka mwana ndi dzira limene anachita kupatsidwa ndi mayi wina. Chaka chomwecho, ku Australia kunabadwa mwana amene anachokera ku mluza umene unaumitsidwa m’firiji. Mu 1994, ku Italy mayi wa zaka 62 anabereka mwana ndi dzira la mayi wina ndi ubwamuna wa mwamuna wake.

Zachitika Pang’onopang’ono

Panopa, patha zaka zoposa 25 kuchokera pamene Louise Joy Brown anabadwa, ndipo ochita kafukufuku apeza mankhwala ndi njira zotsogola zambiri zimene zasinthiratu njira zothandizira anthu osabereka kuti abereke. (Onani mabokosi akuti “Njira Zina Zothandizira Anthu Osabereka Kuti Abereke” ndi “Kodi Kuopsa Kwake N’kotani?”) Njira zotsogola zoterozo zachititsa kuti ana obadwa kudzera m’njira zothandizira anthu osabereka achuluke. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1999 njira zimenezi zinathandiza kuti ana 30,000 abadwe ku United  States kokha. M’mayiko a ku Scandinavia, pafupifupi ana aŵiri kapena atatu mwa ana 100 alionse kumeneko amabadwa kudzera m’njira zimenezi. Chaka chilichonse, pafupifupi ana 100,000 amabadwa padziko lonse kudzera m’njira yophatikiza dzira ndi ubwamuna kunja kwa thupi la mayi. Akuti pafupifupi ana wani miliyoni abadwa m’njira imeneyi kuyambira mu 1978.

Njira zothandizira anthu osabereka kuti abereke zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m’mayiko otukuka. Kuti mayi athandizidwe m’njira imeneyi amafunika ndalama zokwana madola masauzande ambiri ndipo a boma, kampani imene munthu akugwirako ntchito, ndi a inshuwalansi nthaŵi zambiri sathandizapo. Magazini ya Time inafotokoza kuti “mayi wa zaka 45 amene wayesera maulendo seveni kuti abereke pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikiza dzira ndi ubwamuna kunja kwa thupi lake akhoza kuwononga ndalama zokwana madola 100,000.” Ngakhale zili choncho, njira zothandizira anthu osabereka zimapereka chiyembekezo kwa anthu okwatirana ambiri osabereka. M’mbuyomu kuti mabanja otereŵa apeze mwana, anayenera kukhala makolo olera a mwana wa munthu wina basi. Masiku ano njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira anthu kubereka zimathetsa mavuto ambiri amene amachititsa amuna ndi akazi kukhala osabereka. *

N’chifukwa Chiyani Zafala?

Chifukwa chimodzi chimene chachititsa kuti njira zothandizira anthu osabereka zifale ndi moyo umene anthu akukhala masiku ano. Lipoti limene linafalitsidwa ndi bungwe loona za kubereka lotchedwa American Society for Reproductive Medicine linati: “M’zaka makumi atatu  zapitazi anthu ayamba kumabereka ana ali aakulu kuposa kale chifukwa azimayi ambiri akuphunzira kwambiri ndiponso akutanganidwa ndi ntchito zawo ndipo sakukwatiwa msanga. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, azimayi ambiri amene anabadwa nthaŵi imene kunabadwa ana ambiri (1946-1964) panopa afika poti nthaŵi yawo yoti angathe kubereka yatsala pang’ono kutha, ndipo zimenezi zachititsa kuti azimayi ambiri a zaka zimenezi azigwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira anthu osabereka kuti abereke.”

Azimayi ena sazindikira kuti akamakula mphamvu zawo zoberekera zimachepa mofulumira kwambiri. Malinga ndi zimene linanena bungwe loona za matenda la U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, mzimayi akamafika zaka 42, mwayi woti akhoza kubereka umakhala wochepa kwambiri moti pa azimayi 100 alionse, ndi azimayi 10 okha a zaka zimenezi amene angathe kubereka paokha. Choncho nthaŵi zambiri azimayi achikulire amene akufuna njira yowathandizira kuti abereke amagwiritsa ntchito mazira a mzimayi wina.

Zinthu zina zatsopano zimene zikuchitika n’zoti amuna ndi akazi ambiri apabanja osabereka amagwiritsa ntchito miluza imene inatsala pamene banja lina linagwiritsa ntchito njira zowathandizira kubereka. Akuti ku United States kokha kuli miluza youmitsidwa m’firiji pafupifupi 200,000 imene ikusungidwa. Lipoti laposachedwapa la bungwe loulutsa mawu la CBS linanena kuti: “Anthu akhala akupatsana miluza yochulukirapo ndithu mwakachetechete kwa zaka zingapo tsopano.”

N’zosadabwitsa kuti zimene zikuchitika zokhudza njira zothandizira anthu osabereka kuti abereke zachititsa anthu kufunsa mafunso osiyanasiyana. Kodi kubereka ana mwa njira imeneyi kukukhudza bwanji nkhani za chikumbumtima ndi chikhalidwe? Kodi Baibulo limati chiyani pa nkhani imeneyi? Mafunso ameneŵa ndi ena ayankhidwa mu nkhani yotsatira.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 22]

NJIRA ZINA ZOTHANDIZIRA ANTHU OSABEREKA KUTI ABEREKE

Kutenga ubwamuna n’kuuika m’chiberekero cha mayi popanda mayiyo kukhalira limodzi ndi mwamuna. Njira imeneyi ndi imene amayamba kuyesera asanayesere njira zimene zili m’munsizi.

Kuchotsa mazira m’thupi la mayi n’kuwaphatikiza ndi ubwamuna, kenaka pogwiritsa ntchito chida chounikira m’mimba amatenga mazira ndi ubwamunawo, zimene zimakhala zisanasanduke mluza n’kuziika m’njira yopita ku chiberekero poboola pang’ono pamimba pa mayiyo.

Kutenga ubwamuna umodzi n’kuupopera mwachindunji m’kati mwa dzira. (N’zimene akuzionetsa kumanzereku atazikulitsa)

Kuchotsa mazira m’thupi la mayi n’kuwaphatikiza ndi ubwamuna kunja kwa thupi lake kuti zisanduke miluza. Kenaka amatenga miluzayo n’kuiloŵetsa m’chiberekero cha mayiyo.

Kutenga mazira m’thupi la mayi n’kuwasanganiza ndi ubwamuna kunja kwa thupi lake. Kenaka amatenga dzira ndi ubwamuna zimene zasanduka mluza n’kuziika m’njira yopita ku chiberekero poboola pang’ono pamimba pa mayiyo.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Box based on Reproductive Health Information Source, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Courtesy of the University of Utah Andrology and IVF Laboratories

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 21]

KODI KUOPSA KWAKE N’KOTANI?

KULAKWITSA KWA ANTHU. Ku United States, Netherlands, ndi ku Great Britain, zipatala zothandiza anthu osabereka zaikapo mwangozi ubwamuna kapena miluza yolakwika m’thupi mwa mayi. Panthaŵi ina banja lina linakhala ndi mapasa a fuko lina, ndipo nthaŵi ina mayi wina anabereka mapasa amene anali a mafuko aŵiri osiyana.

KUBEREKA ANA ANGAPO NTHAŴI IMODZI. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kubereka ana angapo nthaŵi imodzi chifukwa choika miluza ingapo m’chiberekero, kumachititsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti ana abadwe osakwana masiku, osalemera mokwanira, akufa, kapena opunduka.

KUBADWA NDI MATENDA. Malinga ndi kafukufuku winawake, ana obadwa pophatikiza mazira ndi ubwamuna kunja kwa thupi la mayi n’zosavuta kuti abadwe ndi matenda, monga matenda a mtima ndi impso, abadwe mafupa a kumwamba kwa kamwa ali osagwirana, kapena abadwe maliseche atakanirira m’mimba.

THANZI LA MAYI. Mavuto amene amabwera chifukwa chomwa mankhwala othandiza kuti munthu abereke kapena chifukwa chokhala ndi mimba ya ana amapasa amaika pangozi thanzi la mayi.