Vuto Lapadziko Lonse la Atsikana Otenga Mimba Ali Aang’ono

VUTO la atsikana otenga mimba ali aang’ono lafala kwambiri ngati mliri. Komabe, kuipa kwa zimenezi kumaoneka bwino kwambiri tikaganizira zimene zimachitikira mtsikana wamng’ono amene watenga mimba, amene amakhala ali ndi mantha kwambiri. Zinthu zimasintha kwambiri pamoyo wake ndipo zimakhudza osati iye yekhayo komanso banja lake ndi okondedwa ake.

Achinyamata amakhala ali pa nthaŵi imene Baibulo limaitcha “unamwali,” pamene nthaŵi zambiri chilakolako chogonana chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri kuposa pa nthaŵi ina iliyonse. (1 Akorinto 7:36) Koma sikungakhale kulondola kunena kuti chimene chimachititsa atsikana aang’ono kutenga mimba ndi kusatsatira njira zolera basi. Umboni umene ulipo ukusonyeza kuti pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zokhudza chikhalidwe ndi zinthu zina zimene zimapweteka munthu mu mtima, zimene zimachititsa atsikana aang’ono kutenga mimba.

Zimene Zimabweretsa Vutoli

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti atsikana ambiri amene amabereka ali aang’ono amachokera ku mabanja amene mayi ndi bambo amakhala atalekana. Atsikana aang’ono ambiri amene amatenga mimba amanena kuti: “Moyo wanga wonse ndakhala ndikufuna kukhala m’banja lamtendere.” Choncho zikuoneka kuti mabanja amene ali ndi mavuto angachititse kuti mtsikana atenge mimba ali wamng’ono. Bungwe lina limene limathandiza atsikana amene anabereka ali aang’ono linapeza kuti atsikana ameneŵa nthaŵi zambiri “sakhala ndi ubwenzi wabwino ndi amayi awo ndipo sakhala ndi ubwenzi uliwonse ndi abambo awo.” Anita, amene anabereka mwana ali ndi zaka 18, akukumbukira kuti ngakhale kuti mayi ake, amene anali kumulera pawokha, ankayesetsa kumupezera zosoŵa zake, iye ankaonabe kuti akusoŵeka kenakake chifukwa analibe bambo ake.

Atsikana ena amabereka ana asanakwatiwe chifukwa chogwiriridwa. Ena a iwo amapwetekedwa mtima kwambiri chifukwa chogwiriridwa ndipo pakapita nthaŵi amadzayamba kukhala ndi khalidwe limene amadzipweteka nalo okha. Mwachitsanzo, Jasmine anagwiriridwa ali ndi zaka 15. Iye akukumbukira kuti: “Zitachitika zimenezo, ndinalibenso nazo ntchito kuti chindichitikire n’chiyani. Pamene ndinali ndi zaka 19, ndinatenga mimba.” Kugwiriridwa kungachititsenso munthu kumva kuti ndi wopanda ntchito. Jasmine akufotokoza kuti: “Sindinkaona kuti ndinali ndi phindu lililonse.” Anita nayenso anakumana ndi vuto ngati lomwelo. Iye akuti: “Pamene ndinali ndi zaka za pakati pa 7 ndi 11, mnyamata winawake anandigwiririra. Ndinadzida ndekha kwambiri. Ndinakhulupirira kuti ineyo ndi amene ndinachititsa.” Iye anatenga mimba ali ndi zaka 17.

Koma atsikana ena amagwa m’mavuto chifukwa chodzikhulupirira kwambiri ndiponso chifukwa chokhala ndi chidwi chofuna kutulukira zinthu zatsopano. Nicole, amene tinamutchula mu nkhani yoyamba ija, anavomereza kuti: “Ndinkaganiza kuti ndimadziŵa zonse, kuti ndingathe kuchita chilichonse. Tsoka ilo, ndinathanso kubereka mwana.” Carol, amenenso anakhala ndi mwana ali wamng’ono, anayamba kugonana ndi amuna chifukwa cha chidwi chofuna kutulukira zinthu zatsopano. Iye akuti: “Ndinkaganiza kuti panali zinthu zinazake zimene zimandipita.”

 Kusadziŵa zotsatirapo za kugonana n’chinthu chinanso chimene chimabweretsa vuto limeneli. Malinga ndi zimene ananena akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu, Karen Rowlingson ndi Stephen McKay, akuti ku Britain achinyamata ena “sadziŵa bwinobwino . . . zimene angayembekezere akakhala pachibwenzi ndi zimene zimachititsa kuti munthu akhale ndi mimba.” Zikuoneka kuti achinyamata ena sadziŵa kuti kugonana kungachititse munthu kutenga mimba. M’kafukufuku winawake, atsikana amene anakhala ndi ana ali aang’ono “nthaŵi zambiri ankanena kuti anali odabwa kwambiri kuzindikira kuti ali ndi mimba ngakhale kuti sanali kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolera.”

Komabe, kusintha kwa maganizo a anthu pa kugonana n’kumene kwachititsa kwambiri kuti atsikana azitenga mimba ali aang’ono. Tikukhala panthaŵi imene anthu ali “okonda zokondweretsa munthu, osati okonda Mulungu.” (2 Timoteo 3:1-4) Ochita kafukufuku a ku Australia, Ailsa Burns ndi Cath Scott, anati zinthu zasintha chifukwa “chikhalidwe chathu ndiponso zipembedzo zathu masiku ano zimanena kuti palibe cholakwika munthu kugonana ndi munthu wina asanaloŵe m’banja, ndipo masiku ano atsikana amatha kupeza ndalama zoti angathe kusamala okha mwana, kusiyana ndi kale.” Kukhala ndi mwana wapatchire masiku ano si chinthunso chochititsa manyazi ngati mmene zinalili kale. Ndipo kumadera ena, atsikana aang’ono amaona ngati kukhala ndi mwana ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti akula tsopano ndiponso amaona ngati anthu tsopano ayamba kuwapatsa ulemu.

Munthu Amavutika Nazo Maganizo

Koma zoona zake n’zakuti kukhala ndi mwana munthu akadali wamng’ono si nkhani  yamaseŵera ngati mmene achinyamata ena amaganizira. Atsikana akazindikira kuti ali ndi mimba, nthaŵi zambiri m’mutu mwawo maganizo amangoti balala! osadziŵa chochita. Ambiri amanena kuti anasokonezeka maganizo, kapena mutu wawo unaima. Bungwe la madokotala amene ali akatswiri a ana ndi achinyamata lotchedwa American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry linati mtsikana akazindikira kuti ali ndi mimba, “nthaŵi zambiri amapsa mtima, amadziimba mlandu, ndipo sakhulupirira zimene zikumuchitikirazo.” Koma kusakhulupirira kuti zinthuzo zachitikadi kungakhale koopsa, chifukwa kungalepheretse mtsikana kupeza chithandizo cha mankhwala chimene akufunikira.

“Ndinali ndi mantha kwambiri,” anatero Elvenia ponena za nthaŵi imene anazindikira zotsatirapo za kugonana kwake, kumene poyamba ankakuona ngati “maseŵera” chabe. Atsikana ambiri akatenga mimba sakhala ndi munthu wina aliyense woti angamuululire zakukhosi, kapena amachita manyazi ndi zimene zawachitikirazo moti safuna kuuza munthu aliyense. Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti ena mutu umawakulira chifukwa amakhala akudziimba mlandu kapena ali ndi mantha kwambiri. Atsikana ambiri akatenga mimba amavutikanso maganizo kwambiri. Jasmine anati: “Moyo sunkandisangalatsanso ndipo ndinalibe nazo ntchito kuti kaya ndikhala ndi moyo, kaya ndifa.” *

Mulimonse mmene mtsikana angamvere poyamba, pakapita nthaŵi ayenera kusankha kuchita zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri zokhudza iyeyo ndi mwana wakeyo. Mu nkhani yotsatira tiona mmene atsikana aang’ono angasankhire zinthu zimenezo mwanzeru.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

 [Bokosi patsamba 7]

Mfundo Zodetsa Nkhaŵa Zokhudza Atsikana Otenga Mimba Ali Aang’ono

Ngakhale kuti mfundo zotsatirazi n’zokhudza zimene zikuchitika ku United States, zikusonyezanso mavuto amene atsikana amene amatenga mimba ali aang’ono akukumana nawo padziko lonse lapansi.

● Atsikana 4 pa atsikana 10 alionse amatenga mimba asanafike zaka 20, kutanthauza kuti atsikana 900,000 amatenga mimba chaka chilichonse.

● Pafupifupi atsikana 40 pa atsikana 100 alionse amene amabereka ana amakhala osakwana zaka 18.

● Ana a atsikana aang’ono amachitiridwa nkhanza ndi kunyalanyazidwa kwambiri kuposa ana a makolo achikulire.

● Ndi atsikana 4 okha pa atsikana 10 alionse amene amatenga mimba asanafike zaka 18 omwe amamaliza sukulu ya sekondale.

● Pafupifupi anyamata 80 pa anyamata 100 alionse amene amapatsa mimba atsikana sawakwatira atsikanawo akabereka.

● Pa atsikana 100 alionse amene amakwatiwa akakhala ndi mwana, ndi atsikana 30 okha amene ukwati wawo umalimba. Ndipo maukwati a achinyamata amatha kuŵirikiza kaŵiri kuposa maukwati amene mkaziyo amakhala wa zaka 25 kapena kuposa pamenepo.

● Ana a atsikana aang’ono nthaŵi zambiri amabadwa masiku asanakwane ndipo amakhala osalemera mokwanira, zimene zimachititsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kuti anawo amwalire, akhale akhungu, akhale ogontha, akhale ndi matenda a m’mapapo, akhale opanda nzeru, akhale amisala, akhale ndi matenda a ubongo oziziritsa ziwalo, akhale ndi vuto lolephera kuŵerenga, ndiponso akhale opulupudza.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Taken from Not Just Another Single Issue: Teen Pregnancy Prevention’s Link to Other Critical Social Issues, The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, February 2002.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Kuchuluka kwa Atsikana Otenga Mimba Ali Aang’ono Padziko Lonse Lapansi

BRAZIL: Akuti “atsikana osafika zaka 19 okwana 698,439 anabereka ana mu 1998 kuzipatala za boma . . . Atsikana 31,857 a ameneŵa anali ana a zaka zapakati pa 10 ndi 14, zimene aliyense angaone kuti ndi zaka zochepa kwambiri kuti munthu akhale ndi mwana mnzake.”—Inatero nyuzipepala yotchedwa Folha de S. Paulo, ya pa August 25, 1999.

BRITAIN: “Ku Britain n’kumene atsikana aang’ono amabereka ana kwambiri kumadzulo konse kwa Ulaya . . . Mu 1997, ku England atsikana osafika zaka 20 okwana pafupifupi 90,000 anatenga mimba. Pafupifupi atsikana atatu pa atsikana asanu alionse (56,000) anabereka ana, ndipo ana 90 pa ana 100 alionse amene anabadwa mu 1997 anabadwa kwa azimayi amene sanali pabanja (pafupifupi 50,000).”—Linatero buku lotchedwa Lone Parent Families, la mu 2002.

MALAYSIA: “Ana obadwa kwa azimayi oti sali pabanja awonjezeka kuyambira mu 1998 ndipo ambiri mwa azimayi ameneŵa sanakwanitse zaka 20.”—Inatero nyuzipepala yotchedwa New Straits Times–Management Times, ya pa April 1, 2002.

RUSSIA: “Ziŵerengero za boma zasonyeza kuti pafupifupi mwana mmodzi pa ana atatu alionse amene anabadwa ku Russia chaka chatha anabadwa kwa azimayi oti sali pabanja, kumene kuli kuŵirikiza kaŵiri chiŵerengero chimene chinalipo zaka khumi zapitazo ndipo zimenezi sizinaonekeponso chichitikire nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse. Pafupifupi ana 40 pa ana 100 alionse mwa ameneŵa anabadwa kwa atsikana osakwana zaka 20.”—Inatero nyuzipepala yotchedwa The Moscow Times, ya pa November 29, 2001.

UNITED STATES: “Ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero cha atsikana amene amatenga mimba ali aang’ono chikutsika, atsikana 4 pa atsikana 10 alionse amatenga mimba kamodzi kapena kuposa pamenepo asanafike zaka 20.”—Linatero buku lotchedwa Whatever Happened to Childhood? The Problem of Teen Pregnancy in the United States, la mu 1997.

[Chithunzi patsamba 5]

Makolo akalekana, zimakhala zosavuta kuti mtsikana adzakhale ndi mimba akadali wamng’ono

[Chithunzi patsamba 6]

Zikuoneka kuti achinyamata ena sadziŵa kuti kugonana kungachititse munthu kutenga mimba

[Chithunzi patsamba 6]

Kutenga mimba kumasintha kwambiri moyo wa mtsikanayo ndiponso okondedwa ake