Kuipa Kofunitsitsa Kukhala Wokongola

KODI kukongola kwenikweni mungakudziwe bwanji? Anthu ena amaganiza kuti chinthu chimene wina angati n’chokongola, munthu wina akhoza kuchiona kuti n’chosakongola. Kuwonjezera apo, chinthu chimene chimatchedwa chokongola chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndiponso nthawi imene akukhala.

Jeffery Sobal, pulofesa wina wa sayansi ya zakadyedwe wa pa yunivesite ya Cornell ku United States anati: “M’zaka zonse za m’ma 1800, pafupifupi anthu a zikhalidwe zonse ankaona kuti kunenepa kumasonyeza kuti munthu ndi wopeza bwino. Kunenepa kunkaoneka kuti ndi chizindikiro choti munthu ndi wotukuka ndiponso wathanzi, pamene kuonda kunkasonyeza kuti munthuyo ndi wosauka kwambiri moti sangakwanitse kupeza chakudya chokwanira.” Zojambulajambula za nthawi imeneyo zimasonyeza maganizo amenewo, chifukwa anthu ambiri amene ankajambulidwa, amene anali akazi makamaka, anali ndi mikono, miyendo, msana ndi ntchafu zonenepa. Ndipo zambiri mwa zojambula zimenezi zinali zithunzi za anthu enieni amene ankaonedwa kuti anali okongola kwambiri.

Maganizo amenewo akadalipobe masiku ano, ngakhale kuti kukongola kumaphatikizapo zambiri kuposa kungokhala wonenepa kapena woonda. Komabe, m’zikhalidwe za anthu ena okhala m’zilumba zakum’mwera kwa nyanja ya Pacific, kunenepa kumaonedwa ngati chinthu chabwino kwambiri. M’madera ena ku Africa kuno, atsikana amene akuyembekezera kukwatiwa amawatsekera ku malo ena ake kumene amawadyetsa zakudya zambiri zonenepetsa n’cholinga choti akongole. Mwiniwake wa bala inayake ku Nigeria anati: “Azimayi ambiri a ku Africa kuno amakhala onenepa. . . Kumeneko ndiye kukongola kwawo, malinga ndi chikhalidwe chathu.” Pa zikhalidwe zambiri za anthu a ku Latin America, kunenepa amakuonanso ngati chinthu  chabwino, chizindikiro choti munthu ndi wopeza bwino ndiponso zinthu zikumuyendera bwino.

Komabe, m’madera ambiri anthu saganiza choncho. Chifukwa chiyani? Ena amati pamene malonda anayamba kupita patsogolo ndiponso pamene kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale kunachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azipeza chakudya mosavuta, anthu osauka anayamba kudya zinthu zimene kale zinali kudyedwa ndi anthu olemera okha. Choncho anthu pang’onopang’ono anasiya kusirira anthu onenepa. Chinanso, zipembedzo zina zimaphunzitsa kuti kunenepa ndi dyera, ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezi anthu amaona kunenepa ngati chinthu choipa. Kuphatikiza apo, zimene asayansi atulukira zokhudza matenda amene amabwera chifukwa chonenepa kwambiri zachititsa anthu kusintha maganizo awo. Pazifukwa zimenezi ndi zina anthu asintha maganizo awo pa mmene amaonera kukongola, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri tsopano mayiko ambiri a padziko lapansi alimbikitsa maganizo oti kuonda ndiye kwabwino.

Ofalitsa nkhani athandizira kwambiri kuti maganizo amenewa afalikire. Anthu amene amatsatsa malonda pa zikwangwani ndi pa TV nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matupi oonda, ndiponso amphamvu. Maonekedwe awowo cholinga chake n’chouza anthu kuti akagula zimene akutsatsazo adzakhala otetezeka ndiponso adzakwanitsa kuchita zimene amafuna. N’chimodzimodzinso ndi anthu ochita mafilimu kapena olankhula pa TV.

Kodi zimenezi zimakhudza bwanji anthu wamba, kuphatikizapo achinyamata? Nkhani yaposachedwapa yonena za mmene anthu amaonera maonekedwe awo inati “atsikana ambiri a ku United States akamamaliza maphunziro a kusekondale amakhala atatha maola 22,000 akuonera TV.” Yambiri mwa nthawi imeneyi amakhala akuona mobwerezabwereza zithunzi za azimayi otsogola okhala ndi matupi amene amati ndi abwino kwambiri. Nkhaniyo inapitiriza kuti: “Chifukwa choona kambirimbiri zithunzi zimenezi, azimayi amayamba kukhulupirira kuti kukhala ndi thupi labwino loterolo kumabweretsa ulemu, chimwemwe, chikondi, ndiponso kumathandiza munthu kuti zinthu zimuyendere bwino pamoyo wake.” Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti atsikana ena ataonetsedwa zithunzi za atsikana okongola ojambulidwa m’magazini, atsikana 47 pa atsikana 100 alionse anaona kuti akufunika kuchepetsako kunenepa kwawo, pamene ndi atsikana 29 okha pa atsikana 100 alionse amene analidi onenepa kwambiri.

Anthu ogwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi mafashoni amakhudzanso kwambiri mmene anthu amaonera kukongola. Jennifer, mtsikana wa ku Venezuela amene amajambulidwa zithunzi zotsatsira malonda ku Mexico City, anati: “Ntchito ya munthu wojambulitsa zithunzi zotsatsira malonda ndiyo kuoneka wokongola, ndipo masiku ano zimenezi zimatanthauza kukhala woonda.” Mtsikana wina wojambulitsa zithunzi zotsatsira malonda wachifalansa dzina lake Vanessa anati: “Sikuti amachita kukuuza kuti ukhale woonda, koma wekha umafuna kukhala wotero. Ndi mmene zinthu zilili padziko lonse masiku ano.” Pa kafukufuku amene anachita pakati pa atsikana ang’onoang’ono, atsikana 69 pa atsikana 100 alionse anavomereza kuti amaona kuti munthu wokongola ndi amene amaoneka ngati atsikana otsatsa malonda amene amawaona m’magazini.

Koma si akazi okha amene amavutika maganizo pofuna kukhala ndi thupi limene amati ndiye lokongola kwambiri. Nyuzipepala ina ya ku Mexico dzina lake El Universal inati: “Panopa kuli malonda ambiri a zinthu zokongoletsera amuna kuposa kale lonse.”

Kodi Thupi Limene Amati N’labwino Limadzetsanso Moyo Wabwino?

Pofuna kukhala ndi thupi labwino kapena kuoneka bwino kwambiri, anthu ambiri amachititsa opaleshoni yokongoletsa thupi.  Maopaleshoni a mtundu umenewu ayamba kukhala otsika mtengo ndiponso osiyanasiyana kuposa kale. Kodi kuchitidwa opaleshoni yokongoletsa thupi kunayamba bwanji?

Malinga ndi buku la Encyclopædia Britannica, njira zamakono zochitira opaleshoni yokongoletsa thupi zinayamba nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse itatha pamene ankayesera kukonzanso matupi a anthu amene anapunduka chifukwa chovulala pankhondoyo. Kuyambira pamenepo, maopaleshoni amenewa athandiza kwambiri anthu amene anapunduka chifukwa cha kupsa, kuchita ngozi, kapena chibadwa. Komabe, malinga ndi zomwe linanena buku la Britannica, opaleshoni yokongoletsa thupi nthawi zambiri “imachitidwa pofuna kukongoletsa anthu abwinobwino.” Mwachitsanzo, pa maopaleshoni amenewa akhoza kuumbanso mphuno, kuchotsa khungu losafunika pankhope kapena m’khosi, kuchepetsa kukula kwa makutu, kuchotsa mafuta pamimba ndi mu ntchafu, kukulitsa mbali zina za thupi, ndipo akhoza ngakhale kusintha mchombo kuti uzioneka wokongola.

Komabe, bwanji za anthu abwinobwino amene amadziika pangozi chifukwa chofuna kudzikongoletsa? Kodi pali kuopsa kotani? Angel Papadopulos, mlembi wa bungwe lotchedwa Mexican Association of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, anafotokoza kuti nthawi zina anthu osaphunzitsidwa bwino amachita maopaleshoni amenewa, ndipo amavulaza kwambiri anthu. Pali zipatala zimene zimapatsa anthu mankhwala oopsa pofuna kuwaondetsa. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2003, nyuzipepala ina inalemba nkhani yoti ku zilumba za Canary zinthu zinavuta kwambiri chifukwa choti azimayi ambirimbiri anachitidwa maopaleshoni m’malo ometera ndi kukongoletsera anthu mwauve kwambiri. *

Nawonso amuna akhoza kuyamba kuda nkhawa pofuna kukhala ndi thupi labwino kwambiri. Ena amatha maola ambiri ali kumalo ochitirako zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, ndipo amatha nthawi yawo yonse yopuma kuti asinthe kaonekedwe ka minofu yawo ndi kuilimbitsa. Magazini yotchedwa  Milenio inati “chifukwa chochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, amataya ubwenzi wawo ndi anthu ena m’kupita kwa nthawi.” Pofunitsitsa kukhala ndi thupi looneka lamphamvu anthu ena amafika mpaka pomwa mankhwala amene angawononge thanzi lawo.

Kufunitsitsa kukhala ndi thupi looneka bwino kwachititsa atsikana ena kuyamba kudwala matenda okanika kudya. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoondetsa zosavomerezedwa ndi mabungwe a zaumoyo odziwika, zimene eniake amalonjeza kuti ziwathandiza kuonda m’kanthawi kochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoterozo kungavulaze munthu kwambiri.

Kuopsa kofunitsitsa kukhala wokongola kumakhudzanso zinthu zina, osati thanzi lokha. Dr. Katherine Phillips, wa pa yunivesite ya Brown ku United States anati anthu amene amada nkhawa kwambiri ndi maonekedwe awo akhoza kuyamba kudwala matenda a maganizo, amene amachititsa kuti odwalawo azida nkhawa kwambiri ndi zinthu zimene amaona ngati zolakwika pa maonekedwe awo. Matenda amenewa akhoza kugwira munthu mmodzi pa anthu 50 alionse. Iye anati amene akudwala matendawa “akhoza kukhulupirira kwambiri kuti ndi onyansa moti amadzipatula kwa anzawo ndi achibale awo. Akhoza kuyamba kuvutika maganizo n’kumaganizira zodzipha.” Phillips anapereka chitsanzo cha mtsikana wokongola amene anali ndi ziphuphu pang’ono koma ankakhulupirira kuti anali ndi zipsera kumaso kwake konse. Posafuna kuonedwa ndi anthu, mtsikanayo anasiya sukulu ali mu sitandade eyiti.

Kodi maonekedwe ndi ofunika kwambiri moti munthu ayenera kuvutika maganizo ndi kudziwononga thanzi lake kuti akhale ndi thupi looneka bwino? Kodi pali kukongola kofunika kwambiri kumene munthu ayenera kuyesetsa kukhala nako?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 21]

Atsikana 69 pa atsikana 100 alionse anati munthu wokongola ayenera kuoneka ngati atsikana okongola amene amajambulidwa m’magazini

[Chithunzi patsamba 20]

Otsatsa malonda amakhudza kwambiri maganizo a anthu a mmene amaonera kukongola

[Chithunzi patsamba 22]

Ena adzivulaza chifukwa chochita maopaleshoni ambiri okongoletsa thupi

[Zithunzi patsamba 23]

Ena amachita khama kwambiri kuti akhale ndi thupi lokongola