Kodi Mafoni A M’manja ndi Abwino Kapena ndi Oipa?

Yolembedwa ndi Wolemba GALAMUKANI! Ku Australia

KALE mafoni a m’manja anali olemera kwambiri moti kuti munthu awanyamule ankafunika kukhala wamphamvu kwambiri kapena kuwaika mu galimoto mwake. Izi zinali choncho chifukwa mabatire ake ankakhala olemera kwambiri. Mafoniwa ankakhala aakulu kuposa katoni imene munthu amaguliramo nsapato, ndipo mtengo wake unali ndalama zokwana madola masauzande ambiri.

Masiku ano kuli mafoni a m’manja pafupifupi mabiliyoni 1.35. M’mayiko ena, anthu oposa theka la anthu onse m’dzikomo ali ndi mafoni a m’manja. Ambiri mwa mafoniwa amakwana pa chikhato cha dzanja lanu, ndipo nthawi zina foni yeniyeniyo imakhala yaulere. * Magazini ya ku Australia yotchedwa The Bulletin inati: “Masiku ano pali mafoni a m’manja amene akugwiritsidwa ntchito ochuluka kuposa ma TV ndi makompyuta kuwaphatikiza pamodzi.” M’mayiko opitirira 20 tsopano muli mafoni a m’manja ambiri kuposa mafoni apansi. Katswiri wina woona za malonda anati mafoni a m’manja sikuti angokhala chabe chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri pa luso la zopangapanga, komanso asanduka “mbali ya moyo wa anthu.”

Kodi mafoni a m’manja akukhudza bwanji anthu? Kodi ndi abwino kapena ndi oipa?

Akuthandiza Mabizinezi

Malonda a mafoni a m’manja akuthamanga kwambiri ndipo akuthandiza mabizinezi ambiri. Kampani ina yaikulu inati: “Malonda a mafoni a m’manja ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa kale lonse poyerekezera ndi malonda ena alionse a zinthu zamagetsi.” Kunena kwina tingati panopa anthu akuwononga ndalama zambiri pa mafoni a m’manja kuposa zimene anawonongapo pa chinthu china chilichonse cha magetsi m’mbuyomu.

Mwachitsanzo, ku Australia, anthu opitirira 15 miliyoni pa anthu 20 miliyoni a m’dzikolo ali ndi mafoni a m’manja. Makasitomala a kampani ya mafoni a m’manja imodzi yokha pa makampani ambirimbiri a m’dzikomo anaimba mafoni nthawi zokwana 7.5 biliyoni m’chaka chaposachedwapa. Padziko lonse lapansi, mafoni a m’manja amapangira makampani a mafoni ndalama madola mabiliyoni ambiri pachaka. N’zosavuta kuona chifukwa chimene mabizinezi akuluakulu akuonera kuti mafoni a m’manja ndi abwino.

Ayambitsa Chinenero Chatsopano

Mauthenga ambiri amene anthu amatumizirana pa mafoni amenewa sakhala a mawu, koma amakhala ochita kulemba. M’malo molankhula pafoniyo, anthu ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m’manja, makamaka achinyamata, amagwiritsa ntchito njira imene imatchedwa Short Message Service (SMS). Njira imeneyi imawalola kulemba ndi kutumizirana mauthenga afupiafupi pa mtengo wotsika ndithu. Popeza kulankhulana mwa njira imeneyi kumafuna kutaipa uthenga pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo zing’onozing’ono zomwe zimakhala pafoniyo, anthu okonda kugwiritsa ntchito SMS amagwiritsa ntchito chinenero chachidule chimene chimaphatikiza zilembo ndi manambala kupanga mawu. Ngakhale kuti kuganizira ndi kulemba uthenga n’kovutirapo kusiyana ndi kungolankhula ndi munthu winayo, mwezi uliwonse mauthenga  pafupifupi 30 biliyoni amatumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi mauthenga onsewa amakhala onena za chiyani? Pa kafukufuku amene anachitika ku Britain anapeza kuti achinyamata 42 pa achinyamata 100 alionse a zaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 24 amagwiritsa ntchito SMS pokopana. Achinyamata 20 pa achinyamata 100 alionse amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolankhulirana yomwe ili m’fasho imeneyi kuti afunsire munthu wina kapena kuuza chibwenzi chawo kuti apite kokayenda kwinakwake, ndipo achinyamata 13 pa achinyamata 100 alionse agwiritsapo ntchito SMS kuthetsa chibwenzi.

Anthu ena oona za chikhalidwe cha anthu akudandaula kuti masipelo achidule ndi malembedwe achilendo amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mauthenga a SMS akuwononga luso lolemba la achinyamata. Ena amatsutsa zimenezi, ndipo amati kugwiritsa ntchito SMS “kwayamba kulimbikitsanso mbadwo watsopanowu kukonda kulemba.” Munthu wina woimira kampani inayake imene imatulutsa mtanthauziramawu winawake wa ku Australia anauza nyuzipepala ya Sun-Herald kuti: “Si nthawi zonse pamene timapeza mwayi woyambitsa [chinenero] chatsopano . . . kugwiritsa ntchito [SMS] ndi intaneti kukutanthauza kuti achinyamata akulemba kwambiri kuposa kale. Amafunika kuchiphunzira bwino chinenerochi kuti adziwe kalembedwe kake ndi mawu amene ali m’fasho panopa, ndiponso amafunika kudziwa zizindikiro zimene zikugwiritsidwa ntchito . . . polemba chinenero chimenechi.”

Kuipa Kwake

Ngakhale kuti mafoni a m’manja ndi othandiza pocheza ndi pochita bizinezi, anthu ambiri apantchito nthawi zina amaona kuti mafoni amenewa amawaika paukapolo m’malo mowathandiza, chifukwa amakhala ngati saweruka kuntchito. Pa kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti anthu 80 pa anthu 100 alionse ogwira ntchito yotsatsa malonda ndi anthu 60 pa anthu 100 alionse ogwira ntchito ya zomangamanga amakakamizika kuti azipezeka nthawi iliyonse imene abwana awo kapena makasitomala awo akuwafuna. Popeza anthu amaona kuti afunika kuyankha foni ya m’manja ikalira kaya akhale ali kuti kapena akuchita chiyani, zimenezi zikuyambitsa moyo umene wochita kafukufuku wina anautcha “moyo wongokhalira kudodometsedwa.” Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akatswiri a zomangamanga atulukira zinthu zinazake zomangira nyumba zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga malesitilanti ndi malo ochitira masewero kuti munthu akalowa m’malo amenewa foni yake isamagwire ntchito.—Onani bokosi lakuti “Mfundo Zothandiza Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mafoni a M’manja.”

Kuwonjezera pa kudodometsana, mafoni amene afala paliponsewa akhozanso kutibweretsera mavuto aakulu pa moyo wathu. Pa kafukufuku wina amene anachitika ku Canada anapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito foni ya m’manja uku mukuyendetsa galimoto n’koopsa mofanana ndi kuyendetsa galimoto mutamwa mowa. Pulofesa Mark Stevenson, amene amagwira ntchito ku bungwe lotchedwa Injury Research Centre lomwe lili ku yunivesite ya Western Australia, anafotokoza kuti kulankhula ndi munthu pa telefoni n’kovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi kulankhula ndi munthu amene ali m’galimoto momwemo. Ngakhale kuti zimenezi n’zoopsa ndiponso kuti kumadera ena apolisi angaimbe mlandu ndi kulipiritsa ndalama madalaivala amene amachita zimenezi, pa kafukufuku waposachedwapa anapeza kuti dalaivala mmodzi pa madalaivala asanu alionse a ku Australia anatumiza mauthenga a SMS uku akuyendetsa galimoto, pamene dalaivala mmodzi pa madalaivala atatu alionse anaimba kapena kulandira foni pa mafoni awo a m’manja uku akuyendetsa galimoto.

Kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m’manja molakwika kumakhudzanso maulendo a pandege. Ngakhale kuti mawaya a mu ndege zatsopano kwambiri sasokonezeka chifukwa cha mphamvu zochokera ku mafoni a m’manja, ndege  zina zomwe zikugwirabe ntchito akuti mawaya ake akhoza kusokonezeka chifukwa cha mphamvu zochokera ku mafoni a m’manja. Magazini ya New Scientist inati: “Pa kafukufuku amene anachita mu ndege ziwiri, bungwe la ku Britain lotchedwa Civil Aviation Authority [CAA] lapeza umboni wotsimikiza kuti mphamvu zochokera m’mafoni a m’manja zimasokoneza zinthu zamagetsi za m’ndege zofunika kwambiri kuti ndegeyo iziuluka bwino.” Potchulapo za kuwopsa kwakukulu kwa mafoniwo, munthu wina woimira bungwe la CAA anati: “Foni ya m’manja imatulutsa mphamvu zambiri ikatalikirana ndi kumalo kumene kuli makina amene amayendetsa foniyo. Choncho ndege ikamakwera m’mwamba, mphamvu za mafoni a m’manja zimachuluka, kutanthauza kuti zikhoza kusokoneza kwambiri zida zamagetsi za m’ndegeyo panthawi yoopsa kwambiri ya ulendo wake.” Pa kafukufuku wina amene anachitika ku Australia anapeza kuti zinthu zamagetsi, kuphatikizapo mafoni a m’manja, zinachititsa mavuto m’ndege zotenga anthu pamene zinthu zina ndi zina m’ndegemo zinasokonezeka chifukwa okwera ndegewo sanamvere machenjezo oti azimitse zida zawozo panthawi imene anali m’ndegemo.

Kugwirizana kwa Mafoni a M’manja ndi Khansa

Sizikudziwikabe mpaka pano kuti kaya mphamvu zimene mafoni a m’manja amatulutsa ndiponso mphamvu zochokera kumalo kumene kuli makina amene amayendetsa mafoniwa zimayambitsa anthu kudwala khansa kapena ayi. Popeza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafoni amenewa, ngakhale atapeza kuti n’kutheka kuti mwina pang’ono chabe mphamvu zimenezi zingayambitse khansa, limeneli likhoza kukhala vuto lalikulu kwambiri lokhudza thanzi la anthu. Choncho asayansi achita maphunziro akuya ambirimbiri ofufuza mmene mphamvu zochokera m’mafoni a m’manja zimakhudzira thupi la anthu. Kodi apeza zotani?

Bungwe lofufuza zinthu lotchedwa The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones (IEGMP) linatulutsa lipoti lomwe linati: “Bungweli likukhulupirira kuti, malinga ndi umboni umene ulipo panopa, palibe chifukwa choti anthu azichitira mantha akamagwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m’manja.” Magazini ya New Scientist nayonso inati: “Ngakhale kuti posachedwapa patulutsidwa nkhani zoopseza anthu, umboni wochuluka umene ulipo panopa ukusonyeza kuti kukhala pafupi ndi mphamvu zimene mafoni a m’manja amatulutsa sikuwononga thanzi. Maphunziro amene anapeza kuti thanzi limawonongeka akhala ovuta kuwabwerezanso.”

Popeza pakadali kukayikira pa nkhani ya momwe mafoni a m’manja amakhudzira thanzi la anthu, ndalama madola mamiliyoni ambiri zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito pa kafukufuku wina wowonjezereka. Mpaka pamene yankho lenileni lidzapezeke, bungwe la IEGMP likupereka malangizo otsatirawa: “Muzigwiritsa ntchito mafoni [a m’manja] kwa nthawi yochepa basi. Muzigwiritsa ntchito mafoni amene amatulutsa mphamvu zochepa. Muzigwiritsa ntchito mafoni amene munthu amatha kulankhulapo popanda kuwaika kukhutu malinga ngati pali umboni woti amatulutsa mphamvu zochepa.” Bungwelo likulangizanso kuti “ana osakwana zaka 16 asamalimbikitsidwe kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m’manja.” Ndi bwino kutero chifukwa ubongo wawo umakhala ukukulabe choncho akhoza “kukhala pangozi yaikulu chifukwa cha zinthu zina zowononga thanzi zochokera m’mafoni a m’manja zomwe zingakhale kuti panopa sitikuzidziwa.”

Ngakhale kuti anthu ali ndi maganizo osiyanasiyana pa nkhani ya mafoni a m’manja, mafoniwa akukhudza kwambiri malonda ndiponso chikhalidwe chathu. Mofanana ndi zida zinzake zina zamagetsi, monga ma TV ndi makompyuta, foni ya m’manja ikhoza kukuthandizani kapena kukusandutsani kapolo wake. Mphamvu yochititsa foniyo kukhala yokuthandizani kapena inuyo kukhala kapolo wake ili ndi inuyo monga mwini wake wa foniyo.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 27]

MFUNDO ZOTHANDIZA POGWIRITSA NTCHITO MAFONI A M’MANJA

1. Muzitsitsa mawu anu ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito foni yanuyo pamalo pamene pali anthu ambiri. Maikolofoni ya foni yanu ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo anthu amene ali pafupi nanu mwachidziwikire sangafune kumamva nkhani zimene mukulankhula.

2. Muzizimitsa foni yanu, kapena muziitchera kuti isalire koma ingogwedera munthu akakuimbirani, mukakhala pa misonkhano ya chipembedzo, pa msonkhano wa kuntchito, kumalo koonerera mafilimu kapena pa chochitika china pamene pali anthu ambiri, kapena mu lesitilanti.

3. Musamagwiritse ntchito foni yofunika kuinyamula m’manja mukamayendetsa galimoto.

[Chithunzi patsamba 26]

Padziko lonse lapansi mauthenga pafupifupi 30 biliyoni olembedwa pa mafoni a m’manja amatumizidwa mwezi uliwonse

[Chithunzi patsamba 28]

Kugwiritsa ntchito foni ya m’manja mukuyendetsa galimoto kungakhale koopsa mofanana ndi kuyendetsa galimoto mutamwa mowa