Zimene Zikuchitikira Madokotala M’dziko Limene Likusinthali

M’chaka cha 1174, Maimonides anasankhidwa kukhala dokotala wa mafumu a ku Igupto ndipo nthawi yake yambiri inkathera ku nyumba yachifumu. Ponena zomwe zinali kuchitika akafika kunyumba tsiku lililonse, iye analemba kuti: “Ndimadya chakudya chochepa, ndipo chimenechi n’chakudya chokhacho chomwe ndimadya patsiku. Kenaka ndimapita kukaona odwala anga n’kuwalembera mankhwala ndi malangizo okhudza matenda awowo. Odwala amakhala akubwerabe mpaka usiku, ndipo nthawi zina . . . ndimakhala wotopa kwambiri moti ndimachita kulephera kulankhula.”

KUKHALA dokotala nthawi zonse kumafuna kudzimana kuyambira kalekale. Koma dziko limene madokotala amagwiramo ntchito masiku ano likusintha mofulumira. Ntchito imene amagwira ikhoza kukhala yotopetsa ngati momwe inalili ya Maimonides. Koma kodi amalemekezedwabe ngati mmene madokotala ankalemekezedwera kale? Kodi kusintha kwa zinthu kwakhudza bwanji moyo wa madokotala? Ndipo kodi zochitika zaposachedwapa zasintha bwanji ubwenzi wa madokotala ndi odwala?

Kusintha kwa Ubwenzi

Anthu ena akukumbukirabe nthawi imene dokotala ankanyamula mankhwala ndi zida zake zonse m’chikwama chake chakuda. Nthawi imeneyo anthu ankawaona mosiyanasiyana madokotala, monganso momwe amawaonera masiku ano. Madokotala ambiri ankasiriridwa chifukwa cha luso lawo, kulemekezedwa chifukwa cha udindo wawo, ndi kupatsidwa ulemu chifukwa cha mfundo zabwino zomwe ankayendera. Koma panthawi yomweyomweyo ankadzudzulidwa chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa chithandizo chawo, kunyozedwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwawo, ndi kukalipiridwa chifukwa ankaoneka ngati opanda chisoni.

Komabe, madokotala ambiri ankasangalala chifukwa chothandiza mibadwo yambirimbiri ya banja limodzi. Ankapita kambirimbiri ku nyumba za anthu odwala, ndipo m’madera a m’midzi nthawi zina ankadya nawo chakudya ndi banjalo kapena kugona komweko akamathandiza mzimayi kubereka mwana. Madokotala ambiri ankalemba okha mankhwala a odwala awo. Madokotala odzipereka ankachiritsa anthu osauka kwaulere ndipo ankapezeka maola 24 pa tsiku, masiku 7 pa mlungu.

N’zoona kuti madokotala ena amagwirabe ntchito choncho, koma m’madera ambiri ubwenzi wa madokotala ndi odwala wasintha kwambiri m’zaka zingapo zapitazi kuposa mmene unasinthira pa zaka mahandiredi ambiri m’mbuyomu. Kodi kusintha kumeneku kwabwera chifukwa chiyani? Tiyeni tione nkhani ya kupita ku nyumba za odwala.

Kodi N’chifukwa Chiyani Madokotala Sapitanso ku Nyumba za Odwala?

Kupita kukaona odwala m’nyumba zawo inali njira yovomerezeka imene madokotala ankagwirira ntchito yawo, ndipo m’mayiko ena zinthu zikadali choncho. Koma padziko lonse lapansi chizolowezi chimenechi chayamba kutha. Nyuzipepala yotchedwa The Times of India inati: “Dokotala wa banja amene amakhala waulemu polankhula ndi wodwala, wolidziwa bwino kwambiri banjalo ndiponso wofunitsitsa kubwera kunyumbako nthawi iliyonse imene akufunika, wayamba kusowa masiku ano amene kwachuluka madokotala odziwa kwambiri  mbali imodzi yokha ya zamankhwala.”

Chifukwa chakuti anthu adziwa kwambiri zamankhwala, madokotala ambiri amaphunzira kwambiri mbali inayake ya zamankhwala ndipo amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi madokotala ena. Zotsatirapo zake n’zoti odwala angamaonane ndi dokotala wosiyana nthawi iliyonse yomwe adwala. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, madokotala ambiri sadziwananso kwa nthawi yaitali ndi mabanja ngati momwe ankachitira kale.

Kusiya kupita kukaona odwala kunyumba zawo kunayambika zaka 100 zapitazo, pamene madokotala anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito luso loyesa zinthu zosiyanasiyana m’zipinda zoyesera zinthu ndi zida zoyesera matenda zosiyanasiyana. M’malo ambiri mabungwe azaumoyo anayamba kuona kuti kupita ku nyumba ya odwala kunali kusagwiritsa bwino nthawi ya madokotala. Masiku ano odwala ambiri amatha kupita okha kukaonana ndi dokotala pagalimoto kapena pabasi. Ndiponso masiku ano anthu ogwira ntchito mothandizana ndi madokotala ndiponso othandiza pangozi amagwira ntchito zimene kale ankagwira ndi madokotala.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Masiku ano ndi madokotala ochepa okha amene amagwira ntchito paokha. Masiku ano anthu amapeza chithandizo cha zamankhwala ku mabungwe a boma kapena makampani a zachipatala amene amalemba ntchito madokotala. Koma madokotala ambiri sakonda kukhala ndi mkhalapakati pa ubwenzi wawo ndi odwala awo. Mabungwe oterowo nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti madokotala azithandiza odwala ambiri panthawi yochepa. Dokotala winawake ku Britain dzina lake Dr. Sheila Perkins, anati: “Ndimafunika kuona wodwala pa mphindi seveni mpaka teni zilizonse. Ndipo yambiri mwa nthawi imeneyo ndimakhala ndikulemba zinthu pa kompyuta. Sipakhala nthawi yokwanira kuti ndidziwane bwino ndi wodwalayo. Zimakhala zogwiritsa mwala kwambiri.”

Dziko limene madokotala amagwiramo ntchito lasintha ndipo tsopano odwala ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kale, dokotala ankati akanena chinthu palibe amene ankatsutsa. Koma m’madera ambiri masiku ano, madokotala amafunika kuuza wodwala za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo ndi zotsatirapo zake kuti wodwalayo athe kuvomereza chithandizocho akudziwa bwinobwino zotsatirapo zake. Ubwenzi wa madokotala ndi odwala wasintha. Ena akuona kuti dokotala masiku ano ali ngati munthu wokhala ndi luso la ntchito zamanja basi.

M’dziko lathu limene likusintha mofulumirali, madokotala ambiri ndi azimayi. Madokotala aakazi nthawi zambiri amakondedwa chifukwa amaoneka kuti amamvetsera bwino kuposa amuna. Choncho kuchuluka kwa madokotala aakazi kukuchititsa kuti madokotala azioneka ngati anthu achifundo.

Anthu ambiri amayamikira dokotala amene amamvetsa maganizo a wodwala ndi mavuto amene wodwalayo amakumana nawo pamoyo wake wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma m’pomveka kufunsa kuti, Kodi ndi odwala angati amene amamvetsa maganizo a dokotala ndi mavuto amene dokotalayo amakumana nawo pamoyo wake wa tsiku ndi tsiku? Kudziwa zimenezi kungathandize kwambiri kuti ubwenzi wa madokotala ndi odwala uziyenda bwino. Nkhani yotsatirayi ingatithandize kuwamvetsa bwino madokotala.

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Maimonides

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Brown Brothers

[Zithunzi patsamba 18]

Kale, madokotala nthawi zambiri ankapita ku nyumba za odwala