Kodi Mumayendetsa Galimoto Mbali Iti ya Msewu?

Yolembedwa ndi wolemba Galamukani! ku Britain

Ndakumana ndi mlendo wanga wa ku America pabwalo la ndege ndipo ndikupita naye pomwe pali galimoto yanga. Ndikumuuza kuti “khalani kutsogolo,” ndipo iye nthawi yomweyo akufuna kulowa m’galimotomo kumbali ya dalaivala. Kenako akuti: “Oo, ndinaiwala. Paja kuno mumayendetsa galimoto mbali yolakwika ya msewu.”

Mwina inenso ndikanamuuza zomwezomwezo ndikanapita ku United States. Koma pamene tinali kupita kunyumba, ndinaganiza zofufuza chifukwa chake anthu m’mayiko ena amayendetsa galimoto kumanzere kwa msewu, pamene m’mayiko ambiri amayendetsa kumanja kwa msewu.

Mmene Ankayendera Pamsewu Kale

Tiyeni tibwerere m’mbuyo m’mbiri mpaka zaka pafupifupi masauzande awiri zapitazo, pa nthawi imene Aroma anagonjetsa dera lomwe panopa kuli dziko la Britain. Akatswiri okumba zinthu zakale apeza zinthu zomwe zikusonyeza momwe anthu ankayendera pamsewu kalelo. M’chaka cha 1998 anapeza msewu wosawonongeka wopita ku malo omwe Aroma ankaphwanya miyala pafupi ndi mzinda wa Swindon ku England. Mbali imodzi ya msewuwo ndi yokumbika kwambiri kusiyana ndi mbali inayo, monga momwe zingakhalire ngolo zikamalowa m’malo ophwanyira miyalawo zili zopanda kanthu n’kumatuluka zili zodzaza ndi miyala. Mmene msewuwo unakumbikira zikusonyeza kuti, pamalo amenewa, Aroma ankayendetsa ngolo zawo kumanzere kwa msewu.

Ndipo anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti kale anthu akakwera mahatchi nthawi zambiri ankayenda kumanzere kwa msewu. Popeza anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri dzanja lamanja, anthu okwera hatchi akanatha kugwira zingwe za hatchiyo ndi dzanja lawo lamanzere n’kusiya lamanja lili lopanda kanthu kuti ngati akufuna azitha kupatsa moni munthu wina akamawadutsa, kapena athe kudziteteza ndi lupanga ngati pangafunikire kutero.

Kusintha N’kuyamba Kuyenda Kumanja

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1700, anthu anasintha n’kuyamba kuyendetsa ngolo kumanja kwa msewu m’mayiko ngati ku United States, pamene anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ngolo zazikulu zonyamula katundu, zokokedwa ndi mahatchi angapo. Ngolozo zinalibe mpando wa dalaivala, choncho dalaivalayo ankakhala pahatchi yakumbuyo kumanzere ndipo ankanyamula chikwapu chake ndi dzanja lamanja. Popeza ankakhala kumanzere, dalaivalayo ankafuna kuti ngolo zina zizidutsa kumanzere kwake kuti atalikirane ndi magudumu a ngolo  zomwe zimachokera komwe iye akupita. Kuti achite zimenezi ankayendetsa kumanja kwa msewu.

Koma Angelezi anapitirizabe kuyendetsa ngolo zawo kumanzere kwa msewu. Anali ndi ngolo zazing’ono ndipo dalaivala nthawi zambiri ankakhala pangolopo, kumanja kwa mpando wakutsogolo. Akakhala pamenepo ankatha kugwiritsa ntchito chikwapu chake chachitali popanda kuchikoletsa mu katundu amene anali kumbuyo kwake. Atakhala pamenepo, kumanja kwa ngoloyo, dalaivalayo ankatha kutalikirana ndi ngolo zomwe zimadutsana naye pokhala kumanzere kwa msewu. Mayiko amene anadzakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Britain nawonso anatengera lamulo loyenda kumanzere kwa msewu ngakhale kuti mayiko ena sanatengere zimenezo. Mwachitsanzo, dziko la Canada linadzasintha n’kuyamba kuyenda kumanja kuti akamawoloka malire a dziko la United States asamavutike.

Zochitika za ndale ku France zinakhudza kwambiri kayendedwe ka pamsewu. Anthu asanaukire boma ku France mu 1789, anthu a m’mabanja achifumu ankayendetsa ngolo zawo kumanzere kwa msewu, n’kumakankhira anthu wamba kumanja kwa msewu. Koma pamene kuukira boma kunayamba, anthu achifumu amenewa anayesera kudzibisa pomayendera limodzi ndi anthu wamba kumanja kwa msewu. Pofika mu 1794, boma la France linakhazikitsa lamulo loyenda kumanja kwa msewu mu mzinda wa Paris, ndipo lamulo limeneli kenaka linafalikira kumadera kwina pamene asilikali a Napoléon woyamba anagonjetsa madera ambiri ku Ulaya. N’zosadabwitsa kuti Napoléon ankakonda kuyenda kumanja. Buku lina limati popeza ankagwiritsa ntchito dzanja lamanzere, “asilikali ake ankaguba kumanja kuti dzanja limene ankanyamulira lupanga likhale pakati pa iyeyo ndi adani ake.”

Ku Ulaya, mayiko amene sanagonje kwa Napoléon anapitiriza kuyenda kumanzere. Mayiko a Russia ndi Portugal anasintha n’kuyamba kuyenda kumanja kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900. Mayiko a Austria ndi Czechoslovakia anayamba kuyenda kumanja pamene anagonjetsedwa ndi Anazi a ku Germany kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1930, ndipo dziko la Hungary linachitanso zomwezo. Masiku ano ndi mayiko anayi okha a ku Ulaya kumene magalimoto amayendabe kumanzere: Britain, Ireland, Cyprus, ndi Malta. N’zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale dziko la Japan silinagonjetsedwepo ndi dziko la Britain, kumenekonso magalimoto amayenda kumanzere.

Mabwato, Ndege, Sitima, ndi Anthu Oyenda Pansi

Nanga bwanji mabwato ndi ndege? Nthawi zambiri zinthu zoyenda pamadzi zimayenda kumanja. Ndegenso zimayenda kumanja. Nanga bwanji sitima? M’mayiko ena, ngati njanji ili ndi mbali ziwiri, zida zamagetsi zolozera sitima koti ipite zimasonyeza mbali ya njanji komwe sitima ikuyenera kuyenda. Panjanji zikuluzikulu zamakono nthawi zambiri sitima zimayenda mbali zonsezonse panjanji iliyonse, koma zida zakale zolozera sitima koti ipite zimalola sitima kuyenda mbali imodzi yokha. Kuti mbali yake ikhale kumanzere kapena kumanja nthawi zambiri zinkadalira dziko limene linakonza njanjiyo poyambirira.

Nanga bwanji anthu oyenda pansi? Nthawi zambiri timalangizidwa kuti ngati mumsewu mulibe kanjira ka anthu oyenda pansi, ndi bwino kuyenda moyang’anizana ndi magalimoto ochokera kutsogolo kwanu, kaya akhale kuti magalimotowo akuyenda mbali iti. Ngati magalimoto amayenda kumanja, anthu oyenda pansi amalangizidwa kuyenda kumanzere kwa msewu moyang’anizana ndi magalimoto amene akuchokera kutsogolo kwawo. Ku Britain, kumene timayendetsa magalimoto kumanzere, tikamayenda pansi timayesetsa kukumbukira kuyenda kumanja. Nanga bwanji mnzathu wa ku America uja? Iye amayenda kumanzere!