Mavuto Amene Achinyamata Akukumana Nawo Masiku Ano

NTHAWI imene wachinyamata akukula, ngakhale apeze chisamaliro chonse, ikhoza kukhala nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Paunamwali, achinyamata amamva zinthu zachilendo zambirimbiri m’thupi mwawo. Amafunika kulimbana ndi aphunzitsi ndi anzawo tsiku lililonse. Amaona zinthu zoipa zambirimbiri pa TV, m’mafilimu ndi pa Intaneti ndiponso amazimva mu nyimbo. Choncho lipoti lina la bungwe la United Nations linafotokoza kuti nthawi imene wachinyamata akukula ndi “nthawi ya kusintha kwa zinthu ndipo nthawi zambiri amavutika maganizo ndiponso amakhala ndi nkhawa.”

Koma kuipa kwake n’koti achinyamata nthawi zambiri sadziwa momwe angachitire kuti zinthu ziwayendere bwino akamavutika maganizo ndiponso akakhala ndi nkhawa. (Miyambo 1:4) Popanda kuwawongolera, n’zosavuta kuti achite zinthu zoti zingawapweteke. Mwachitsanzo, lipoti la United Nations talitchula lija linati: “Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nthawi zambiri achinyamata amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pa nthawi imene akukula kuchoka ku ubwana kupita ku uchikulire, kapena akangosanduka kumene achikulire.” Ndipo makhalidwe enanso oipa, monga kuchita chiwawa ndi chiwerewere, zimayambanso nthawi imeneyi.

Makolo amene amati zinthu zimenezi zimachitika pakati pa anthu “osauka” kapena a mafuko enaake amakhala akuganiza molakwika kwambiri. Mavuto amene achinyamata akukumana nawo masiku ano akukhudza achinyamata olemera, osauka, a moyo wa mtundu uliwonse, ndiponso a mafuko onse. Wolemba nkhani wina dzina lake Scott Walter anati: “Ngati mukuganiza kuti ‘wachinyamata wophwanya malamulo’ amangokhala mnyamata wa zaka 17 wokhala m’madera osauka a pakatikati pa mzinda amene mayi ake ali osauka, sali pantchito, ndiponso amathandizidwa ndi boma, ndiye kuti simukudziwa bwino zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano.” Iye anapitiriza kuti: “Mwana wovuta wa masiku ano akhoza kukhala mzungu, akhoza kukhala wochokera ku banja lolemera, akhoza kukhala wosakwana zaka 16 (kapena wamng’ono kwambiri kuposa pamenepo), ndipo n’kuthekanso kuti akhoza kukhala wamkazi.”

Koma kodi n’chifukwa chiyani achinyamata ambiri ali pangozi yoti akhoza kuyamba kuchita zinthu zoipa? Kodi si zoona kuti achinyamata a m’mibadwo yakale nawonso anali ndi mavuto ndi mayesero awo? N’zoona, koma tsopano tikukhala mu nthawi imene Baibulo limaitcha “nthawi zowawitsa.” (2 Timoteo 3:1-5) Achinyamata masiku ano akulimbana ndi mavuto amene akukhudza nthawi ino yokha m’mbiri yonse ya anthu. Tiyeni tione ena mwa mavuto amenewa.

Kusintha kwa Mabanja

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani momwe mabanja akusinthira masiku ano. Magazini yotchedwa Journal of  Instructional Psychology inati: “Ana oposa mwana mmodzi pa ana atatu alionse ku America amaona makolo awo akusudzulana asanafike zaka 18.” M’mayiko ena olemera mukuchitikanso zomwezo. Ukwati wa makolo awo ukamatha, achinyamata nthawi zambiri amapwetekedwa kwambiri mumtima. Magaziniyo inapitiriza kuti “nthawi zambiri, ana amene makolo awo asudzulana posachedwa amalephera m’kalasi ndiponso zimawavuta kucheza bwino ndi anzawo kusukulu. Ana oterewa amasiyana ndi ana ochokera ku mabanja okhazikika kapena mabanja a kholo limodzi omwe akhala choncho kwa kanthawi, kapenanso ana ochokera ku mabanja a kholo lopeza . . . Kuwonjezera apo, makolo akasudzulana nthawi zambiri zimachititsa kuti mwana asamamve bwino mumtima ndiponso asamadzidalire.”

Kuchuluka kwa akazi amene ayamba kugwira ntchito yolembedwa kwasinthanso mabanja. Atafufuza milandu imene achinyamata anapalamula ku Japan anapeza kuti n’zovuta kuti mabanja amene amayi ndi abambo onse ali pantchito yolembedwa asamalire bwino ana awo, kusiyana ndi mabanja amene kholo limodzi limakhala pakhomo.

N’zoona kuti mabanja ambiri amafunika kuti amayi ndi abambo onse akhale pantchito kuti athe kupeza zofunika pa moyo. Abambo ndi amayi akakhala pantchito zingathandizenso kuti ana akhale ndi moyo wabwinopo. Koma zimenezi zili n’kuipa kwake. Ana ambirimbiri amapezeka kuti akapita kunyumba amakapeza kulibe aliyense. Makolo akabwera, nthawi zambiri amakhala atatopa ndiponso maganizo awo amakhala pa mavuto a kuntchito. Zotsatirapo zake n’zoti achinyamata ambiri sakhala ndi makolo awo nthawi zambiri. Wachinyamata wina anadandaula kuti: “M’banja mwathu sitichitira zinthu limodzi.”

Anthu ambiri amene aona zimenezi zikuchitika akukhulupirira kuti si zothandiza kwa achinyamata. Dr. Robert Shaw anati: “Ndikukhulupirira kuti njira zolerera ana zomwe zayambika m’zaka 30 zapitazi zimachititsa kuti ana akhale odzipatula, osafuna kunena zomwe akuganiza, ovutika kuphunzira, ndiponso osamvera.” Iye anapitiriza kuti: “Makolo amasanduka akapolo a dziko lokonda chuma lamasiku anoli limene limalimbikitsa moyo wapamwamba, ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezi iwo amatha maola ambirimbiri ali kuntchito ndiponso amawononga  ndalama zambirimbiri. Zotsatirapo zake n’zoti sapeza nthawi yochitira limodzi ndi ana awo zinthu zimene zingawathandize kuwadziwa bwino anawo ndi kuyamba kugwirizana nawo.”

Chinanso chimene chikuika pangozi achinyamata n’choti ana amene makolo awo ali pantchito nthawi zambiri amakhala okha nthawi yaitali popanda wina wowayang’anira. N’zosavuta kuti ana amene amangokhala okha popanda makolo owayang’anira ayambe kuchita zinthu zimene zingawaike pamavuto.

Maganizo a Anthu Akusintha Pankhani Yolanga Ana

Kusintha kwa maganizo a anthu pankhani yolanga ana kukupweteketsanso achinyamata masiku ano. Monga momwe Dr. Ron Taffel ananenera mosapita m’mbali, makolo ambiri “amatula pansi udindo wawo.” Zimenezi zikachitika, ana ambiri akamakula amakhala ndi malamulo ochepa chabe oti atsatire amene angawongolere khalidwe lawo, kapena sakhala ndi malamulo alionse kumene.

Zikuoneka kuti nthawi zina makolo amachita zimenezi chifukwa cha zimene iwowo anakumana nazo ali ana. Makolowo amafuna akhale anzawo a ana awo, osati anawo aziwaona ngati ovuta. Mayi wina anavomereza kuti: “Ndinali wolekerera kwambiri. Makolo anga anali ovuta kwambiri, ndipo ineyo ndinkafuna ndikhale wosiyana nawo polera mwana wanga. Koma kumeneko kunali kulakwa.”

Kodi makolo ena amanyanyira mpaka kufika pati pankhani imeneyi? Nyuzipepala ya USA Today inati: “Pa kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa achinyamata pafupifupi 600 amene akulandira chithandizo kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku New York, Texas, Florida ndi ku California, anapeza kuti achinyamata 20 pa achinyamata 100 alionse anagawanapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi makolo awo. Anapezanso kuti amene anaphunzitsa achinyamata pafupifupi asanu pa achinyamata 100 alionse kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka chamba, ndi mayi awo kapena bambo awo.” Kodi n’chiyani chomwe chingachititse kholo kuchita zinthu zopanda nzeru ngati zimenezo? Kholo lina linaulula kuti: “Ndinauza mwana wanga wamkazi kuti ndi bwino kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ali kunyumba kumene ndingathe kumamuona.” Makolo ena amaganiza kuti kugawana mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ana awo kungawathandize kuyamba kugwirizana ndi anawo.

Achinyamata Akuwonongeka Chifukwa cha ma TV ndi Mafilimu

Vuto lina n’loti ma TV ndi mafilimu akuwononganso achinyamata. Malinga ndi zomwe ananena munthu wina wochita kafukufuku dzina lake Marita Moll, pa kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti achinyamata ambiri ku United States amatha maola anayi ndi mphindi 48 tsiku lililonse akuonerera TV kapena ali pakompyuta.

Kodi zimenezo n’zoipa? Nkhani imene inatuluka m’magazini yotchedwa Science inati “mabungwe akuluakulu sikisi ku United States,” kuphatikizapo bungwe la madokotala la American Medical Association, onse anagwirizana pa mfundo yakuti ziwawa zomwe zimaonetsedwa pa TV ndi m’mafilimu zikuoneka kuti zimachititsa “ana ena kuchita zinthu zachiwawa.” Magazini ya Science inati, “ngakhale kuti akatswiri ali ndi maganizo ofanana pa nkhani imeneyi, anthu wamba akuoneka kuti sakufuna kumva zimene zimafalitsidwa m’manyuzipepala, pa wailesi, m’magazini, ndi pa TV, zoti ziwawa zomwe timaonerera n’chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zikuchititsa kuti anthu masiku ano akhale achiwawa.”

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za mavidiyo a nyimbo. Makolo nthawi zambiri amadabwa kuona mmene zithunzi za ena mwa mavidiyo amenewa zimakhalira zolaula ndiponso zosabisa kalikonse. Kodi mavidiyowa angakhudzedi khalidwe la achinyamata ena? Pa kafukufuku wina wa ana a sukulu 500 a kukoleji, anapeza kuti “mawu a nyimbo olimbikitsa chiwawa amachititsa munthu kuyamba kuganiza kwambiri zinthu zachiwawa.” Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina waposachedwapa, “achinyamata amene amatha nthawi yambiri akuonerera  kugonana ndi chiwawa . . . m’mavidiyo a nyimbo za rap zotukwana, ndi amenenso angachite kwambiri zinthu zimenezi pamoyo wawo.” Kafukufuku wa atsikana opitirira 500 ameneyu anasonyeza kuti achinyamata amene amatha nthawi yambiri akuonerera mavidiyo a nyimbo zotukwana za rap ndi amenenso angamenye mphunzitsi wawo, kumangidwa, ndi kugonana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana mosavuta.

Zimene Achinyamata Amachita ndi Makompyuta

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, makompyuta asanduka chinthu chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zikusintha kwambiri maganizo a achinyamata. Magazini yotchedwa Pediatrics inati: “M’zaka zaposachedwapa, makompyuta amene anthu ali nawo m’manyumba mwawo awonjezeka kwambiri. M’dziko [la United States], makomo awiri pa makomo atatu alionse okhala ndi mwana wa msinkhu wopita kusukulu (wa zaka 6 mpaka 17) anali ndi kompyuta . . . Chiwerengero cha ana a zaka zitatu mpaka 17 a ku United States amene amakhala m’nyumba moti muli kompyuta chinawonjezeka kuchoka pa ana 55 pa ana 100 alionse mu 1998 kufika pa ana 65 pa ana 100 alionse mu 2000.” M’mayiko enanso ambiri anthu amene akugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta awonjezeka.

Koma sikuti wachinyamata amachita kufunikira kukhala ndi kompyuta yakeyake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta. N’chifukwa chake wochita kafukufuku wina anati “achinyamata pafupifupi 90 pa achinyamata 100 alionse a zaka 5 mpaka 17 amagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, ndipo achinyamata 59 pa achinyamata 100 alionse a m’gulu limeneli amagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti.” Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti achinyamata angathe kudziwa zinthu zochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zili zothandiza ngati akugwiritsa ntchito kompyutayo mwanzeru, moyang’aniridwa mokwanira ndi munthu wachikulire. Koma n’zomvetsa chisoni kuti makolo ambiri alola kuti ana awo azigwiritsa ntchito kompyuta mulimonse momwe akufunira.

Monga umboni wa zimenezi, wochita kafukufuku wina dzina lake Moll analemba m’magazini yotchedwa Phi Delta Kappan kuti pa kafukufuku wina amene anachitika mu 2001 wofuna kudziwa momwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito Intaneti, anapeza kuti “makolo 71 pa makolo 100 alionse ankaganiza kuti akudziwa ‘zinthu zambiri, kapena zochulukirapo ndithu’ zokhudza momwe ana awo amagwiritsira ntchito Intaneti. Komabe, ana atafunsidwa funso lomwelo, ana 70 pa ana 100 alionse anati makolo amadziwa ‘zochepa kwambiri kapena sadziwa chilichonse’ chokhudza  zomwe ana awo amachita pa Intaneti.” Malinga ndi kafukufuku ameneyu, “ana 30 pa ana 100 alionse a zaka 9 mpaka 10 anati anatsegulapo malo enaake pa Intaneti omwe sanayenera kutsegula. Malo amenewa ndi oti akuluakulu okha ndi amene amafunika kutumiziranapo mauthenga. Koma vutoli likuoneka kuti n’lalikulu, chifukwa ana ena amene ananenanso kuti anatsegulapo malo oterowo analipo 58 pa ana 100 alionse a zaka 11 mpaka 12, analiponso ana 70 pa ana 100 alionse a zaka 13 mpaka 14, ndi ana 72 pa ana 100 alionse a zaka 15 mpaka 17. . . . Pa kafukufuku amene anachitika ku Britain wofunsa mmene anthu amagwiritsira ntchito Intaneti kunyumba, kholo limodzi pa makolo seveni alionse anavomereza kuti sadziwa kalikonse za zomwe ana awo amaona pa Intaneti.”

Ana akamagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti osayang’aniridwa ndi wina aliyense angayambe kuona zithunzi zolaula. Koma kuopsa kwake sikomweko ayi. Taffel, amene tamutchula kale uja, anadandaula kuti: “Ana athu akupeza anzawo kusukulu ndi pa Intaneti, ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezi akucheza ndi ana amene nthawi zambiri sitikumana nawo n’komwe.”

N’zachionekere kuti ana a masiku ano akukumana ndi mavuto amene mibadwo yakale sinakumanepo nawo. Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti achinyamata ambiri ali ndi khalidwe loipa. Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe tingachite kuti tithandize achinyamata masiku ano?

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 6]

“Ndikukhulupirira kuti njira zolerera ana zomwe zayambika m’zaka 30 zapitazi zimachititsa kuti ana akhale odzipatula, osafuna kunena zomwe akuganiza, ovutika kuphunzira, ndiponso osamvera.”—Anatero DR. ROBERT SHAW.

[Chithunzi pamasamba 6, 7]

Mabanja asintha chifukwa chakuti akazi ambiri ayamba kugwira ntchito yolembedwa

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

N’zosavuta kuti achinyamata amene ali okha opanda wina wowayang’anira ayambe kuchita zinthu zimene zingawaike pamavuto

[Chithunzi patsamba 8]

Ochita kafukufuku asonyeza kuti mavidiyo a nyimbo achiwawa amayambitsa khalidwe lachiwawa

[Chithunzi patsamba 9]

Kodi mukudziwa zomwe ana anu amaona pa Intaneti?