Kodi Inuyo Muonera Mafilimu Ati?

M’ZAKA zaposachedwapa, kuchuluka kwa mafilimu osonyeza kugonana, chiwawa, ndi otukwana kwachititsa anthu kukhala ndi maganizo osiyanasiyana. Anthu ena anganene kuti gawo linalake pa filimu losonyeza anthu akugonana ndi lolaula, pamene ena angati likusonyeza luso. Ena angati chiwawa chomwe chili mu filimu inayake zikanatheka kuti asachiikemo, pamene ena angati n’chofunikira. Ena angati kukambirana kumene kumaphatikizapo mawu otukwana ndi konyansa, pamene ena angati ndi mmene anthu amalankhulira masiku ano. Chinthu chimene munthu wina amati n’chotukwana, wina amati ndi ufulu wa kulankhula. Kumvetsera maganizo osiyanawa kungapangitse munthu kuganiza kuti imeneyi ndi nkhani yongolimbikitsa anthu kutsutsana basi.

Koma zomwe zili m’filimu si nkhani yongolimbikitsa anthu kutsutsana. Ndi nkhani yodetsa nkhawa, osati kwa makolo okha, komanso kwa onse amene amaona kuti makhalidwe abwino ndi ofunika. Mtsikana wina anadandaula kuti: “Ndikapanda kumvera chikumbumtima changa n’kubwereranso m’malo oonetsera filimu, nthawi zonse pochoka m’menemo ndimamva kuti ndaipa kuposa mmene ndinalili. Ndimaona kuti anthu amene amapanga zinthu zopanda nzeru zoterewa ndi opanda manyazi ndiponso ineyo ndimachita manyazi. Ndimamva ngati kuti chifukwa choona zinthu zonyansa zomwe ndaonazo, ndasanduka munthu wotsika mtengo.”

Kukhazikitsa Malamulo

Kuda nkhawa ndi zomwe zili m’mafilimu sikunayambe lero. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kopanga mafilimu, anthu anadandaula ndi kugonana ndiponso umbanda zomwe zinkaonetsedwa m’mafilimu. Pomalizira pake, m’ma 1930, ku United States anakhazikitsa malamulo omwe analetsa zinthu zambiri kuti sizinali zololedwa kuzionetsa m’mafilimu.

Malinga ndi buku linalake lofotokozera zinthu (The New Encyclopædia Britannica), malamulo atsopano oyendetsera mafilimu amenewa “anali opondereza kwambiri, chifukwa ankaletsa kuonetsa pafupifupi chinthu chilichonse chomwe anthu achikulire amachita pamoyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ankaletsa kuonetsa ‘anthu akusonyezana chikondi,’ ndipo chigololo, chiwerewere, kukopana, ndi kugwiririra munthu sizimayenera ngakhale n’kutchulidwa komwe pokhapokha ngati zinali zofunika kwambiri kuti nkhaniyo imveke ndiponso ngati pomaliza pa filimuyo anthu ochita zimenezi analangidwa kwambiri.”

 Pankhani ya chiwawa, mafilimu “sanayenera kuonetsa kapena kukamba za zida zomwe anthu anali kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imeneyo, kuonetsa zochitika pamalo pamene pachitika umbanda, kuonetsa apolisi akuphedwa ndi zigawenga, kusonyeza nkhanza zopitirira muyeso kapena kuphana, kapena kuonetsa munthu akuphedwa kapena akudzipha pokhapokha ngati zimenezi zinali zofunika kwambiri kuti nkhaniyo imveke. . . . Palibe nthawi iliyonse pamene umbanda unayenera kuonetsedwa ngati wabwino.” Mwachidule, malamulowo anati “sipayenera kupangidwa filimu yomwe idzalowetse pansi makhalidwe abwino a anthu oonererawo.”

Anasiya Kuletsa Zoipa Ndipo Anayamba Kuika Zizindikiro Zosonyeza Ngati Filimu Ili Yabwino Kapena Yoipa

Pofika m’ma 1950, anthu ambiri opanga mafilimu ku America sanali kutsatira malamulo amenewa, chifukwa ankawaona ngati achikale. Choncho mu 1968 malamulowo anawachotsa ndipo m’malo mwake anakhazikitsa zizindikiro zosonyeza ngati filimu ili yabwino kapena yoipa. * Ndi njira imeneyi, filimu ikanatha kukhala ndi zinthu zoipa, koma inkaikidwa chizindikiro chochenjeza anthu kuti muli zinthu zoipa. Malinga ndi zomwe ananena Jack Valenti, amene anali pulezidenti wa bungwe loyang’anira za mafilimu ku America (Motion Picture Association of America) kwa zaka pafupifupi 40, cholinga chochitira zimenezi “chinali chakuti tikhale ndi njira yochenjezeratu makolo kuti athe kusankha okha mafilimu amene ana awo ayenera kuona ndi amene sayenera kuona.”

Atakhazikitsa njira yoika zizindikiroyi, panalibenso zoletsa zilizonse. Kugonana, chiwawa, ndi kutukwana kunayamba kupezeka m’mafilimu ambiri opangidwa ku America. Ufulu umene opanga mafilimu anali nawo tsopano unayambitsa zinthu zoipa zomwe sizikanathekanso kuziletsa. Komabe, ndi zizindikirozo, oonerera akanatha kuchenjezedwa. Koma kodi chizindikiro chimakuuzani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa?

Zomwe Zizindikiro Sizingakuuzeni

Anthu ena akuona kuti m’kupita kwa nthawi, zizindikiro zosonyeza ngati filimu ili yabwino kapena yoipa zayamba kulekerera kwambiri. Kafukufuku amene inachita sukulu inayake yoona za thanzi la anthu (Harvard School of Public Health) akugwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi. Kafukufukuyo anapeza kuti mafilimu amene amati ndi oyenera achinyamata masiku ano amakhala ndi chiwawa ndiponso kugonana kwambiri kuposa zomwe zinkaloledwa zaka khumi zokha zapitazo. Kafukufukuyo anamaliza ndi kunena kuti “mafilimu okhala ndi chizindikiro chofanana akhoza kusiyana kwambiri pa nkhani ya kuchuluka ndiponso mtundu wa zinthu zoipa zomwe amasonyeza” ndiponso kuti “zizindikiro zosonyeza zaka za ana amene ayenera kuonera filimuyo pazokha sizikuuzani mokwanira za chiwawa, kugonana, kutukwana, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili m’filimuyo.” *

Makolo amene amangotumiza ana awo m’chimbulimbuli kukaonera mafilimu akhoza kukhala kuti sakudziwa zomwe amati n’zoyenera kuonera masiku ano. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wina wodziwa za mafilimu anafotokoza munthu wochita mbali yaikulu m’filimu inayake yomwe ankati ndi yoyenera achinyamata ku United States. Wochita mbali yaikulu m’filimuyo anali “mtsikana wa zaka 17 ndipo ankachita chilichonse chomwe akufuna popanda womuletsa. Iye ankaledzera tsiku lililonse, ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ankapita kumapwando kumene anthu amagonana ndi anthu ambirimbiri, ndipo anagonana ndi mnyamata amene anali atangokumana naye kumene.” Mafilimu osonyeza zinthu ngati zimenezi ali paliponse tsopano. Ndipo magazini ina (The Washington Post Magazine) inati kukamba za kugonana m’kamwa kukuoneka kuti “tsopano kwasanduka kovomerezeka” m’mafilimu amene amati ndi oyenera achinyamata. Mwachionekere, chizindikiro chimene filimu yapatsidwa sichiyenera kukhala chinthu chokhacho chomwe tiyenera kuganizira pofuna kudziwa ngati filimuyo ili yabwino kapena yoipa. Kodi pali njira ina yabwino yodziwira zimenezi?

“Danani Nacho Choipa”

Zizindikiro zimene amapatsa mafilimu sizilowa m’malo mwa chikumbumtima chophunzitsidwa Baibulo. Mu zosankha zawo zonse, kuphatikizapo zokhudza zosangalatsa, Akristu amayesetsa kutsatira malangizo a m’Baibulo opezeka pa Salmo 97:10, akuti: “Danani nacho choipa.” Munthu amene  amadana ndi choipa angaone kuti n’kulakwa kusangalatsidwa ndi zinthu zimene Mulungu amanyansidwa nazo.

Makamaka makolo ayenera kusamala za mafilimu amene amalola ana awo kuonera. Kungakhale kusaganiza bwino kungoona patalipatali zizindikiro zomwe mafilimuwo ali nazo basi. Zikhoza kutheka kuti filimu imene akuti ndi yoyenera anthu a msinkhu wa mwana wanu imalimbikitsa khalidwe limene inuyo monga kholo simugwirizana nalo. Zimenezi sizodabwitsa kwa Akristu, chifukwa dzikoli limaganiza ndi kuchita zinthu mosiyana kwambiri ndi mfundo za Mulungu. *—Aefeso 4:17, 18; 1 Yohane 2:15-17.

Zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti mafilimu onse ndi oipa. Koma m’pofunika kusamala. Pankhani imeneyi, Galamukani! ya June 8, 1997 inati: “Munthu aliyense ayenera kupenda zinthu mosamalitsa ndi kusankha zimene zidzamkhalitsa ndi chikumbumtima choyera pamaso pa Mulungu ndi munthu.”—1 Akorinto 10:31-33.

Kupeza Zosangalatsa Zabwino

Kodi makolo angasankhe bwanji mafilimu abwino oti anthu a m’banja mwawo aonere? Taonani ndemanga zotsatirazi zochokera kwa makolo padziko lonse lapansi. Zimene ananenazi zingakuthandizeni inuyo pamene mukuyesetsa kupezera anthu a m’banja mwanu zosangalatsa zabwino.—Onaninso bokosi lakuti “Zinthu Zina Zosangalatsa,” pa tsamba 14.

“Mkazi wanga kapena ineyo nthawi zonse tinkapitira limodzi ndi ana athu kokaonera mafilimu pamene anawo anali aang’ono,” anatero Juan, wa ku Spain. “Sankapita okha kapena ndi anzawo basi. Panopa, pamene ali achinyamata, sapita kukaonera filimu akamaionetsa koyamba. M’malo mwake timadikira kaye mpaka tiwerenge zimene anthu odziwa za mafilimu alemba zokhudza filimuyo kapena tikamva zomwe anthu ena amene timawakhulupirira anena za filimuyo. Kenako, monga banja, timaona ngati tingaonere filimuyo kapena ayi.”

Mark, wa ku South Africa, amalimbikitsa mwana wake kulankhula maganizo ake pa za mafilimu amene akuonetsedwa m’malo oonetsera mafilimu. Mark anati: “Ine ndi mkazi wanga ndi amene timayambitsa kukambiranako, ndipo timamufunsa kuti atiuze zomwe akuganiza za filimuyo. Zimenezi zimatithandiza kumva zomwe akuganiza ndi kukambirana  naye. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, timaona kuti timatha kusankha mafilimu amene tonsefe tingasangalale nawo.”

Rogerio, wa ku Brazil nayenso amakambirana ndi ana ake kuti apende bwinobwino mafilimu amene anawo akufuna kuonera. Iye anati: “Ndimawerenga nawo limodzi zomwe anthu odziwa za mafilimu alemba za filimuyo. Ndimapitira nawo limodzi kumalo obwereketsa mavidiyo kuti ndikawaphunzitse momwe angayang’anire chikuto cha vidiyo kuti adziwe ngati filimuyo ingakhale yoipa.”

Matthew wa ku Britain amaona kuti zimathandiza akakambirana ndi ana ake za mafilimu amene anawo akufuna kuonera. Iye anati: “Kuyambira ali aang’ono, ana athu tinkakambirana nawo limodzi za mafilimu amene tikufuna kuonera monga banja. Ngati tikuona kuti ndibwino kupewa filimu inayake, ine ndi mkazi wanga tinkawafotokozera chifukwa chake, m’malo mongowaletsa kuonera filimuyo.”

Kuwonjezera apo, makolo ena aona kuti zimathandiza kufufuza za mafilimu pa Intaneti. Pali malo angapo pa Intaneti amene amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za zomwe zili m’mafilimu. Mungagwiritse ntchito zimenezi kuti mudziwe bwino makhalidwe amene filimu inayake imalimbikitsa.

Phindu la Chikumbumtima Chophunzitsidwa Bwino

Baibulo limanena za anthu “amene pakugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zawo, aphunzira kusiyanitsa chabwino ndi choipa.” (Ahebri 5:14, Chipangano Chatsopano mu Chichewa cha Lero) Choncho, cholinga cha makolo chiyenera kukhala choti aphunzitse ana awo kukonda makhalidwe abwino, kuti azidzatha kusankha mwanzeru akadzakhala ndi ufulu wosankha okha zosangalatsa zomwe akufuna.

Achinyamata ambiri pakati pa Mboni za Yehova aphunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri ndi makolo awo pankhani imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo, Bill ndi Cherie, a ku United States, amakonda kupita kukaonera mafilimu ndi ana awo awiri aamuna omwe ndi achinyamata. Bill anati: “Tikachoka koonera filimuko, nthawi zambiri timakambirana monga banja za filimuyo. Timakambirana za makhalidwe amene filimuyo imalimbikitsa ndiponso ngati ifeyo tikugwirizana nawo makhalidwewo kapena ayi.” Ndipotu, Bill ndi Cherie akudziwa kufunika kosankha bwino mafilimu oti aonere. Bill anati: “Timawerenga za filimuyo tisanaionere, ndipo sitichita manyazi kutuluka m’malo oonetsera filimuyo ngati ayamba kuonetsa zinthu zoipa zomwe sitinali kuyembekezera.” Chifukwa choti amasankha zochita  ali limodzi ndi ana awo, Bill ndi Cherie akukhulupirira kuti akuthandiza anawo kuphunzira kuzindikira mosavuta chabwino ndi choipa. Bill anati: “Panopa amasankha mwanzeru mafilimu amene akufuna kuonera.”

Mofanana ndi Bill ndi Cherie, makolo ambiri athandiza ana awo kuphunzira kuzindikira chabwino ndi choipa pankhani ya zosangalatsa. N’zoona kuti mafilimu ambiri amene amapangidwa masiku ano si abwino kuonera. Koma Akristu akatsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo, akhoza kupeza zosangalatsa zomwe zili zabwino ndiponso zotsitsimula.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 10]

“TIMASANKHIRA LIMODZI ZOCHITA”

“Pamene ndinali mwana, banja lathu lonse tinkapitira limodzi kokaonera mafilimu. Panopa poti ndakulako, makolo anga amandilola kupita ndekha popanda iwowo. Koma asanandilole kupita, amafuna kudziwa mutu wa filimuyo ndi nkhani yake. Ngati sakuidziwa filimuyo, amawerenga ndemanga zonena za filimuyo kapena amaonerera mbali zake zina zimene amazitsatsa pa TV. Amafufuzanso za filimuyo pa Intaneti. Ngati akuona kuti filimuyo siyabwino, amandifotokozera chifukwa chake akuganiza choncho. Amandilola kuti inenso ndinenepo maganizo anga. Aliyense amalankhula momasuka, ndipo timasankhira limodzi zochita.”—Anatero Héloïse, wa zaka 19, ku France.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 11]

MUZIKAMBIRANA!

“Ngati makolo akuletsa ana awo zinthu zinazake koma sakuwapatsa zinthu zina zabwino m’malo mwake, anawo angayesere kuonera zinthu zoipazo mwamseri. Choncho, ana akasonyeza kuti akufuna kuonerera zosangalatsa zinazake zoipa, makolo ena sawaletsa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo sawalolezanso. M’malo mwake amalola kuti padutse nthawi kuti mitima ikhale m’malo. Kwa masiku angapo, popanda kupsa mtima, amakambirana nkhaniyo, kum’funsa wachinyamatayo chifukwa chimene akuonera kuti zosangalatsa zimenezi zingakhale zabwino. Mwakukambirana, achinyamata nthawi zambiri amafika pogwirizana ndi makolo awo ndipo mwina mpaka amawathokoza. Ndiyeno, makolowo akutsogolera, amasankha zosangalatsa zina zomwe onse angasangalale nazo.”—Anatero Masaaki, woyang’anira woyendayenda ku Japan.

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 12]

ZINTHU ZINA ZOSANGALATSA

▪ “Ana nthawi zonse amafuna kukhala limodzi ndi anzawo a msinkhu wawo, choncho nthawi zonse timaonetsetsa kuti mwana wathu wamkazi akhale ndi anzake ocheza nawo ife tili pompo. Popeza mu mpingo mwathu muli achinyamata ambiri a khalidwe labwino, talimbikitsa mwana wathu kupeza anzake pakati pawo.”—Anatero Elisa, ku Italy.

▪ “Timatenga nawo mbali pa zosangalatsa za ana athu. Timawakonzera zosangalatsa zabwino, monga kupita kokayenda, kuwotcha nyama panja limodzi ndi anzathu, kutenga zakudya zokadyera ku malo kwinakwake kosangalatsa, ndi kucheza ndi Akristu anzathu a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Mwanjira imeneyi ana athu saona kuti angasangalale pokhapokha atakhala ndi anthu a misinkhu yawo okha basi.”—Anatero John, ku Britain.

▪ “Taona kuti timasangalala tikamacheza ndi Akristu anzathu. Ana anganso amakonda kusewera mpira, choncho nthawi ndi nthawi timasewera mpira ndi anthu ena.”—Anatero Juan, ku Spain.

▪ “Timalimbikitsa ana athu kusewera ndi zida zoimbira nyimbo. Timachitiranso limodzi zinthu zosiyanasiyana tikakhala ndi mpata, monga kusewera tennis, volleyball, kukwera njinga, kuwerenga mabuku, ndi kucheza ndi anzathu.”—Anatero Mark, ku Britain.

▪ “Timaonetsetsa kuti tizipitira limodzi kokasewera masewera enaake monga banja ndiponso ndi anzathu. Ndiponso timayesetsa kukonza zochitira limodzi kanthu kenakake kosangalatsa kamodzi pamwezi. Pofuna kupewa mavuto, makolo ayenera kuonetsetsa zomwe ana awo akuchita.”—Anatero Danilo, ku Philippines.

▪ “Kuwonerera anthu ena pamene akuchita zinthu zinazake nthawi zambiri kumasangalatsa kusiyana n’kungokhala pa mpando kumaonerera filimu. Timakhala tcheru kuti timve ngati kuli zochitika zinazake m’dera lathu monga zionetsero za zojambulajambula, za magalimoto, kapena za nyimbo. Zochitika zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimakupatsani mpata wocheza mukamaonerera. Timasamalanso kuti tisawapatse zosangalatsa zochuluka kwambiri. Kuchita zimenezi kukhoza kutiwonongera nthawi yambiri komanso mukakhala ndi zosangalatsa zambiri zimayamba kukutopetsani.”—Anatero Judith, ku South Africa.

▪ “Sikuti chilichonse chomwe ana ena akuchita n’choyenera kwa ana anga, ndipo ndimayesetsa kuwathandiza kuti amvetse mfundo imeneyi. Komabe, ine ndi amuna anga timayesetsa kuwapatsa zosangalatsa zabwino. Timaonetsetsa kuti asamanene kuti, ‘Ife sitipita kulikonse. Sitichita chilichonse chosangalatsa.’ Monga banja, timapitira limodzi kumalo okongola ndiponso timakonza zoti anthu a mumpingo mwathu azibwera kudzacheza kunyumba kwathu.” *—Anatero Maria, ku Brazil.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

James Hall Museum of Transport, Johannesburg, South Africa

[Chithunzi patsamba 9]

Muziwerenga zomwe anthu odziwa za mafilimu alemba zokhudza filimuyo MUSANAIONERE

[Chithunzi pamasamba 10, 11]

Makolo, phunzitsani ana anu kusankha mwanzeru