Mphamvu Zimene Manyuzipepala Ali Nazo

Nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itathetsa ufumu umene unkalamulira dziko la Germany, Boma lokhala ndi mfundo za demokalase komanso za sosholizimu linayamba kulamulira ku Berlin m’dzikolo. Kenaka, andale za chikomyunizimu anayesa kulanda boma latsopanoli. Anthu amenewa komanso bomalo linkaona kuti kulamulira nkhani zolembedwa m’nyuzipepala ndiyo njira yolamulilira maganizo a anthu komanso anthu enieniwo. Motero panayambika nkhondo yadzaoneni yolimbirana mphamvu zolamulira nyuzipepala.

PA ZAKA zochuluka zapitazi, nyuzipepala zasintha chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndale, kayendedwe ka zamalonda, ndiponso moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu ambirimbiri. Kodi inuyo zimakukhudzani motani?

Zikuoneka kuti mu 1605, dziko la Germany linakhala dziko loyamba ku Ulaya kupanga nyuzipepala. M’madera ena masiku ano, pafupifupi anthu atatu pa anthu anayi alionse a zaka zopitirira 14 amawerenga nyuzi tsiku lililonse. Pa anthu 1,000 alionse m’mayiko ena osauka pamakhala nyuzipepala zosakwana 20 zotuluka tsiku ndi tsiku, koma ku Norway zimakhalapo zopitirira 600. Padziko lonse, pali nyuzipepala pafupifupi 38,000.

Kulikonseko, nyuzipepala zimauza anthu nkhani zofunika. Koma sizokhazo ayi. Zimathanso kusintha maganizo a anthu pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Dieter Offenhäusser wa mu nthambi ya ku Germany ya bungwe la UNESCO anati: “Nyuzipepala zimene timawerenga tsiku lililonse zimakhudza maganizo athu, zochita zathu, ndiponso mfundo zikuluzikulu zimene timatsatira pa moyo wathu.”

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti m’mbuyomu nyuzipepala zayambitsapo nkhondo, kuithandizira ndiponso kusonyeza kuti nkhondoyo inali yoyenerera. Akatswiriwo amapereka zitsanzo za nkhondo ya dziko la France ndi Prussia m’chaka cha 1870 ndi 1871, nkhondo ya dziko la Spain ndi United States m’chaka cha 1898, ndiponso nkhondo ya ku Vietnam yomwe inayamba mu 1955 n’kutha mu 1975. Anthu ambiri azamalonda, asayansi, asangalatsi otchuka, ndiponso andale aonapo zakuda nyuzi zitaulula zamanyazi zimene anachita. Cha m’ma 1970, pulezidenti Richard M. Nixon wa ku United States anapezeka ndi mlandu wochititsa manyazi umene atolankhani ofufuza zakatangale anaubweretsa poyera moti mpaka pulezidentiyo anatula pansi udindo wake. Inde, nyuzipepala zili ndi mphamvu yochititsa zinthu zabwino kapena zoipa.

Koma kodi mphamvu zimenezi zinayamba bwanji? Kodi nkhani zonse zimene timawerenga m’nyuzi zimakhala zoonadi? Kodi tizisamala ndi zinthu zotani kuti tipindule ndi nyuzipepala?

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Nkhondo yobisala kuseli kwa manyuzi ku Berlin pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse