Nkhungu Imathandiza Komanso Imawononga

YOLEMBEDWA NDI WOLEMBA GALAMUKANI! KU SWEDEN

Nkhungu ina imapulumutsa moyo; ina n’njakupha. Ina imathandizira kukometsa tchizi ndi vinyo; ina imapangitsa chakudya kukhala poizoni. Nkhungu ina imamera pa zipika za mitengo; ina ku bafa ndiponso m’mabuku. Ndipotu, nkhungu ili paliponse, moti n’kutheka kuti panopo njere zake zikukulowani m’mphuno.

NGATI mukukayikira kuti nkhungu ili paliponse, tayesani kusiya buledi penapake, ngakhale m’firiji. Muona kuti satenga nthawi yaitali kuti achite nkhungu!

Kodi Nkhungu N’chiyani?

Nkhungu ili m’gulu la zomera zopanda masamba ndi maluwa, komanso zosatha kupanga zokha chakudya. M’gululi muli mitundu yoposa 100,000 ya zomera, ndipo zina mwa izo ndi nguwi, bowa, ndi yisiti. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 100 yokha yodziwika kuti imayambitsa matenda m’matupi a anthu ndi zinyama. Mitundu ina yambiri imathandiza kwambiri kuti zamoyo zina zizipeza chakudya, powoletsa zinyalala ndi zinthu zina n’kuzisandutsa mchere wofunika kwambiri kwa zomera. Ndipo pali inanso yomwe imathandiza zomera zina kupeza chakudya m’nthaka kwinaku iyonso n’kumapeza chakudya kuchokera ku zomerazo. Ndipo ina imamera pa zomera zina n’kumaziyamwa.

Njere ya nkhungu ndi yaing’ono kwambiri moti sitingathe kuiona, ndipo imanyamulidwa ndi mphepo. Njereyi ikagwa pamalo abwino oti pali chakudya chake, ndiponso m’pofunda bwino komanso pali chinyontho chokwanira, imamera n’kukhala ngati timaulusi. Timaulusiti tikachuluka timayamba kuoneka ndipo n’timene timatitcha nkhungu. Nthawi zinanso nkhungu imatha kuoneka ngati litsiro, mwachitsanzo ikamera molumikizira matailosi ku bafa.

Nkhungu imachulukana msanga kwabasi. Nkhungu ikachita pa buledi, madontho ang’onoang’ono akuda omwe timaona aja ndi kamulu ka njere. Kadontho kamodzi kokha kamakhala ndi njere zoposa 50,000, ndipo njere iliyonse imatha kupanga njere mamiliyoni ambiri m’masiku ochepa chabe! Ndipo ngati pamalopo pali pabwino, nkhungu imatha kumera ngakhale pa buku, nsapato, kapenanso pa mapepala omwe amakutira nawo khoma ngati mmene imachitira pa chipika chamtengo kutchire.

Kodi nkhungu imadya bwanji? Anthufe ndiponso zinyama timayamba ndi kudya kenako n’kutengamo zofunikira m’chakudyacho pambuyo pochipukusa, koma nthawi zambiri nkhungu imachita zinthu mosiyana ndi zimenezi. Zakudya zikakhala zazikulu kwambiri kapena zovuta kudya, nkhungu imatulutsa pang’onopang’ono timadzi topukusira chakudya, tomwe timanyenya chakudyacho. Ikachita zimenezi m’pamene imadya. Komanso, popeza kuti nkhungu singayende kufunafuna chakudya, imayenera kumera pa chakudya chakecho.

Nkhungu imatha kutulutsa poizoni, wodana kwambiri ndi matupi a anthu ndiponso zinyama. Nkhungu ingathe kulowa m’thupi la munthu kudzera popuma, pomeza, kapena akakhudzana nayo. Koma sikuti  nkhungu nthawi zonse imawononga zinthu, chifukwa nthawi zina imathandiza kwambiri.

Ubwino wa Nkhungu

Mu 1928, katswiri wina wa sayansi, dzina lake Alexander Fleming, anatulukira mwangozi kuti nkhungu ina yobiriwira ili ndi mphamvu zopha majeremusi. Anapeza kuti nkhungu imeneyi imapha mabakiteriya koma sivulaza anthu ndi zinyama. Izi zinathandiza kuti ayambe kupanga penisilini, amene anthu akumutcha kuti “mankhwala okhawo amphamvu kwambiri omwe akupulumutsa moyo panopa.” Mu 1945, Fleming ndi anzake amene anagwira naye ntchito yofufuzayo, omwe ndi Howard Florey ndi Ernst Chain, anapata mphoto ya Nobel pankhani ya za mankhwala, ndipo anapata mphotoyi chifukwa cha ntchito yomwe anagwirayo. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, nkhungu yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala amitundumitundu, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osungunulira magazi akaundana m’thupi, litsipa laching’alang’ala, ndi matenda a manjenje otchedwa Parkinson.

Nkhungu yakhalanso ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokometsa chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za tchizi. Kodi mukudziwa kuti m’mitundu ina ya tchizi amaikamo nkhungu yobiriwira? Komanso popanga mitundu ina ya masoseji, mafuta okometsera zakudya ochokera ku soya, ndiponso mowa wina amagwiritsa ntchito nkhungu.

N’chimodzimodzinso ndi vinyo. Amatha kupanga vinyo wabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku mphesa zinazake akazikolola panthawi yake, tsango lililonse lili ndi nkhungu yokwanira bwino. Mtundu wina wa nkhungu umawonjezera shuga wa mu mphesa ndipo izi zimathandiza kuti zikhale zokoma kwambiri. Vinyo akamawira kuti watsala pang’ono kufika pa mowa, amatha kuthiramo nkhungu ya mtundu winawake kuti vinyoyo akome kwambiri. Opanga vinyo ku Hungary ali ndi mwambi wawo, womwe m’mawu ena umati: ‘Nkhungu yabwino imapanga vinyo wabwino.’

Kuipa kwa Nkhungu

N’kale kwambiri pamene anthu anadziwa kuipa kwa mitundu ina ya nkhungu. M’zaka za m’ma 500 B.C.E., Asuri anathira mtundu winawake wa nkhungu m’zitsime za adani awo n’cholinga choipitsa madzi ake. Imeneyi inali njira yachikale yomenya nkhondo mogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. M’zaka za m’ma 500 mpaka m’ma 1500, mtundu womwe uja wa nkhungu yomwe Asuri anathira m’zitsime, womwe nthawi zina umamera pa mbewu zomwe ufa wake amapangira buledi, unavutitsa anthu ambiri ndi khunyu, kupweteka m’thupi kokhala ngati munthu wapsa ndi moto, kunyeka ziwalo, ndiponso kuona zilubwelubwe. Panthawiyo matendawa anawatcha kuti moto wa Anthony Woyera chifukwa chakuti odwala ankapita ku kachisi wa Anthony Woyera ku France, poganiza kuti akachira.

Poizoni woopsa kwambiri woyambitsa matenda a khansa amachokera ku nkhungu. Akuti, m’dziko lina la ku Asia, anthu 20,000 amamwalira chaka ndi chaka chifukwa cha poizoni ameneyu. Poizoni yemweyu ndi amene masiku ano amapangira zida zofalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

 Komabe, sinthawi zonse pamene munthu amadwala kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhungu. Nthawi zambiri zimangopangitsa munthu kusamva bwino. Chikalata china cha zaumoyo, cha UC Berkeley Wellness Letter, chinati: “Mitundu yambiri ya nkhungu, ngakhale mutachita kuinunkhiza, sikuti ndi yoopsa.” Ena mwa anthu omwe amavutika kwambiri ndi nkhungu ndi anthu amene ali ndi vuto lokhudza mapapo, monga chifuwa cha mphumu. Enanso amene amavutika ndi amene matupi awo sagwirizana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kapena amene mphamvu yawo yoteteza thupi ku matenda ili yochepa; ndiponso alimi amene m’matupi mwawo mwalowa nkhungu yambiri. Nawonso makanda ndiponso anthu okalamba sangagwirizane ndi nkhungu.

Malinga ndi zimene ananena a California Department of Health Services ku United States, munthu amene akuvutika ndi nkhungu angasonyeze zizindikiro zotsatirazi: ‘Matenda a m’chifuwa, monga kupuma mwaphokoso, movutikira, ndiponso phuma; mphuno zimatseka; kuvutika maso (kumva kuotcha, kutuluka misozi, kapena kufiira maso); kutsokomola kwambiri; kuyabwa m’mphuno ndi pakhosi; kutuluka timatuza pakhungu kapena kumva kuyabwa pakhungu.’

Nkhungu Ingathe Kuwononga Nyumba

M’mayiko ena sizachilendo kumva kuti atseka sukulu kapena kumva kuti anthu asamuka m’nyumba zawo kapena maofesi pofuna kuchotsamo nkhungu. Chakumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2002, mumzinda wa Stockholm, ku Sweden, nyumba ina yosungiramo zinthu zochititsa chidwi ya Museum of Modern Arts, yomwe anali atangoitsekulira kumene, anaitseka chifukwa cha nkhungu. Kuchotsa nkhunguyo kunadya ndalama pafupifupi madola mamiliyoni asanu. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani vuto limeneli likufala kwambiri masiku ano?

Yankho la funsoli lagona pa zinthu ziwiri zikuluzikulu: zipangizo zomangira nyumba ndi kamangidwe ka nyumbazo. Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, pomanga nyumba anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zimene zimakonda kuchita nkhungu. Chitsanzo chake ndi khoma la makatoni olimba. Zipangizo zimene amaika pakatikati pa makatoniwo zimasunga chinyezi. Choncho, zipangizozi zikakhala nthawi yaitali zili zonyowa, njere za nkhungu zimatha kumera n’kukula, n’kumapeza chakudya kuchokera ku mapepala a khomalo.

Nakonso kamangidwe ka nyumba kasintha. Zaka za m’ma 1970 zisanakwane, nyumba zambiri za ku United States ndi m’mayiko ena angapo zinalibe zipangizo zothandizira kuti musamazizire kwambiri ndipo zinkakhala zolowa mpweya wambiri kusiyana ndi zimene anayamba kumanga pambuyo pake. Kusinthaku kunachitika chifukwa chofuna kukhala ndi nyumba zosafuna kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kapena moto wambiri kuti zitenthe, ndipo amazimanga mwa njira yoti mphepo yotentha isamatulukemo komanso musamalowe mphepo yambiri. Ndiyeno mukalowa madzi, amatenga nthawi yaitali asanaume, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuti muchite nkhungu. Kodi pali njira yothetsera vuto limeneli?

Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera, kapena kuchepetsera, vuto la nkhungu ndi yoonetsetsa kuti chilichonse m’nyumba n’chaukhondo, chouma, ndiponso musakhale chinyezi chambiri. Ngati penapake pachita chinyezi, umitsanipo mwamsanga, ndipo konzanipo kuti pasadzadzingenso madzi. Mwachitsanzo, onetsetsani kuti denga ndiponso moyenda madzi a mvula ochokera padenga ndi mwaukhondo ndi mosawonongeka. Ndipo onetsetsaninso kuti madzi asamayenderere kukalowa kumene kuli maziko a nyumbayo. Ngati muli ndi chipangizo choziziritsira kapena kufunditsira m’nyumba, muzionetsetsa kuti n’chaukhondo kuti madzi ake azichuchira panja bwinobwino.

Buku lina limati: “Mbali yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera nkhungu ndiyo kuchepetsa chinyezi.” Zinthu zochepa zomwe mungachite zingakuthandizeni inuyo ndi banja lanu kuti musavutike ndi nkhungu. Nthawi zina, nkhungu imafanana ndi moto. Ikhoza kuvutitsa, komanso ingathe kuthandiza kwambiri. Nkhani yagona pa mmene tikuigwiritsira ntchito ndiponso zimene tikuchita poonetsetsa kuti isativutitse. N’zoona kuti pali zambiri zomwe sitinadziwebe zokhudza nkhungu. Koma tingapindule kwambiri podziwa zinthu zodabwitsa zimene Mulungu analenga.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi pamasamba 14, 15]

KODI NKHUNGU INATCHULIDWAPO M’BAIBULO?

Baibulo limatchula za “nthenda yakhate m’nyumba,” kutanthauza m’nyumba mwenimwenimo. (Levitiko 14:34-48) Ena amati n’kutheka kuti vuto limeneli, lomwe limatchedwanso kuti “khate lonyeka,” linali nguwi kapena nkhungu, koma zimenezi n’zosadziwika bwinobwino. Kaya vutoli linali chiyani, koma Chilamulo cha Mulungu chinalangiza eninyumba kuti azichotsa miyala yomwe ili ndi vutoli, kupala m’kati monse mwa nyumbayo, ndiponso kukataya kunja kwa mudzi, ku “malo akuda,” chinthu chilichonse chomwe akuchikayikira kuti chingakhale ndi vutoli. Mliliwo ukabweranso, nyumba yonseyo ankaitcha yodetsedwa, ndipo ankaipasula n’kukataya zomwe agumulazo. Malangizo atsatanetsatane a Yehova anasonyeza kuti ankawakonda kwambiri anthu ake ndipo ankafuna kuti azikhala athanzi.

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku nkhungu apulumutsa miyoyo yambiri

[Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Makoma a katoni ndiponso a pulasitiki amatha kusunga chinyezi, chimene chingalimbikitse kuti nkhungu imere