Mlatho wa Tower Bridge ndi Njira Yolowera mu London

YOLEMBEDWA NDI WOLEMBA GALAMUKANI! KU BRITAIN

ANTHU a m’mayiko ena amene sanapiteko ku England amaudziwa. Chaka chilichonse alendo masauzande ambiri amapita kukauona. Tsiku lililonse, anthu okhala ku London amauoloka, mwina popanda kuuyang’ana n’komwe kapena kuganizira za chiyambi chake. Mlatho wa Tower Bridge ndi umodzi mwa zinthu zodziwika kwambiri za ku London.

Mlatho umenewu suyenera kusokonezedwa ndi mlatho wina wapafupi nawo wa London Bridge. Mlatho wa Tower Bridge ndi wogwirizana kwambiri ndi nyumba yachifumu yomwe ili pafupi nawo ya Tower of London. Kalelo mu 1872, nyumba ya malamulo ya ku England inakambirana lamulo loti liloleze zomanga mlatho pa mtsinje wa Thames. Ngakhale kuti woyang’anira nyumba yachifumu ya Tower of London anakana, nyumba ya malamuloyo inakambirana zomanga mlatho wina wowolokera mtsinjewu, malinga ngati kamangidwe kake kangakhale kogwirizana ndi kamangidwe ka nyumbayo. Mlatho wamasiku ano wa Tower Bridge unamangidwa potsatira lamulo limeneli.

M’zaka za m’ma 1700 ndi 1800, pa mtsinje wa Thames panali milatho yambiri, ndipo mlatho wotchuka kwambiri unali wa Old London Bridge. Pofika mu 1750, maziko a mlathowu pa mtsinjepo anali a gwedegwede ndipo unkachedwetsa magalimoto chifukwa unali waung’ono. Pansi pake, sitima zochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana zinkalimbirana malo pa doko lodzaza ndi sitimali. Kalelo, padokopo pankakhala sitima zochuluka zedi moti akuti munthu akanatha kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita ambiri pamwamba pa sitima zogundizana zokochezedwa padokopo.

Chifukwa cha pempho la khonsolo ya mzinda wa London, katswiri wodziwa kumanga mizinda dzina lake Horace Jones anapereka maganizo omanga mlatho wokhala ndi mbali ziwiri zotha kutseguka pakati, womangidwa mwa sitayilo yomwe inachokera kumpoto kwa France n’kufalikira kumadzulo konse kwa Ulaya. Anafuna kuti mlatho umenewu umangidwe kumunsi kwa mlatho wa London Bridge. Mlathowu ukanathandiza kuti sitima zoyenda pamtsinje wa Thames popita ku madoko, omwe anali kumadzulo kwa mtsinjewu, zizitha kuyenda mosavuta. Mapulani omangira mlathowu anali ndi mbali ina imene anthu ambiri ankaiona kuti ndi yatsopano panthawiyo.

Unamangidwa Mwapadera

Jones anali atayenda m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo timilatho ta ku Netherlands totha kutseguka pakati ta mitsinje ing’onoing’ono, n’tomwe tinamupatsa maganizo omanga mlatho  wokhala ndi mbali ziwiri zotha kuzitsegula n’kuzitukulira m’mwamba kuti pansi pake pathe kudutsa sitima zitalizitali za pamadzi. Jones ndi mainjiniya ake ndi amene anajambula mapulani omangira mlatho wa Tower Bridge. Anaumanga ndi njira zomangira zamakono poika zitsulo m’kati ndi miyala kunja, ndipo kamangidwe kake panopa n’kodziwika kwambiri.

Mlatho wa Tower Bridge uli ndi nsanja ziwiri zolumikizidwa pamwamba ndi tinjira tiwiri tomwe tili pamwamba potalika mamita 34 kuchokera pamsewu wapansi ndi mamita 42 kuchokera pamene madzi amalekeza akakwera kwambiri. Misewu yochokera ku tsidya lililonse la mtsinjewu imathera mu mbali ziwiri za mlathowu zomwe zitha kutseguka pakati ndipo mbali iliyonse imatha kupikulidwira m’mwamba ndi zitsulo zolemera. Mbali ziwiri zimenezi za mlathowu n’zikuluzikulu, zolemera matani pafupifupi 1,200 iliyonse, ndipo zimatseguka n’kupikukira m’mwamba mopendekeka ndi madigiri 86. Sitima zonyamula katundu wolemera mpaka matani 10,000 zimatha kudutsa bwinobwino pansi pake.

Mphamvu Zotukulira Mbali Ziwiri za Mlathowo

Mphamvu ya madzi ndi imene inkagwiritsidwa ntchito kutukulira mbali zake ziwiri, kuyendetsera zikepi zonyamula anthu kuchokera pa msewu wapansi kukafika ku tinjira tapamwamba, ngakhalenso kuyendetsera maloboti otsogolera magalimoto pamsewu. Indedi, mlathowu unkayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya madzi. Ndipo madziwa ankatulutsa mphamvu zochuluka, kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu zomwe zinkafunika.

Pansi pa mbali yakumadzulo ya mlathowu, panali migolo yamadzi inayi yomwe inkatenthetsedwa ndi malasha, n’kumatulutsa nthunzi. Nthunziyo inkatulutsa mphamvu zokwana makilogalamu 5 mpaka 6 pa sikweya sentimita imodzi iliyonse. Mphamvu zimenezi zinkayendetsa mapampu awiri akuluakulu. Mapampu amenewa ankapopa madzi okhala ndi mphamvu zokwana makilogalamu 60 pa sikweya sentimita iliyonse. Kuti nthawi zonse azikhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zotukulira mbali ziwiri za mlathowo, migolo ikuluikulu sikisi inkasunga madzi otentha kwambiri. Madzi amenewa ankapereka mphamvu ku mainjini eyiti amene ankatukula mbali ziwiri za mlathowo. Akayatsa mainjiniwa, mbali ziwiri za mlathozo zinkatukuka, zitatsamira zitsulo zotalika masentimita 50. Zinkatenga mphindi imodzi yokha kuti mbali ziwirizi zitukuke mpaka pamapeto pake.

Ulendo Wokaona Mlatho Wamakono wa Tower Bridge

Masiku ano, magetsi alowa m’malo mwa mphamvu ya madzi. Komabe, ngati mmene zinalili kale, mlatho wa Tower Bridge ukatseguka, magalimoto onse oyenda pamlathowu amaima. Anthu oyenda pansi, alendo odzaona  malo, ndi alendo ena amachita chidwi akaona momwe mlathowo umagwirira ntchito.

Pamamveka belu lochenjeza anthu, zitsulo zimatsika n’kutseka msewu, galimoto yomaliza imawoloka mlathowo, ndipo anthu oyendetsa zinthu pa mlathowo amapereka chizindikiro choti zonse zili bwino. Zitsulo zinayi zolumikiza mbali ziwiri za mlathowo zimatseguka popanda phokoso lililonse ndipo mbali ziwirizo zimapikukira m’mwamba. Kenaka maso onse amayamba kuyang’ana mu mtsinjewo. Kaya pakudutsa bwato lokoka katundu, bwato lokwera anthu, kapena sitima yaikulu, anthu onse amakhala akuyang’ana zimenezi. Pakatha mphindi zochepa, zizindikirozo zimasintha. Mbali za mlathozo zimatsika pansi ndipo amatsegulanso msewu uja. Anthu apanjinga amathamangira kutsogolo kwa magalimoto kuti awoloke msanga. Pakatha kanthawi kochepa, pa mlatho wa Tower Bridge pamakhala zii, kudikira nthawi yoti autsegulenso.

Alendo amene alidi ndi chidwi ndi mmene mlathowu umagwirira ntchito amachita zambiri kuposa kungoona zochitika zobwerezabwereza zimenezi. Amatsagana ndi anthu ena kukakwera chikepi chomwe chili mu nsanja yakumpoto kuti akaone zinthu zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi mbiri ya mlathowu, yomwe imasonyezedwa ndi tizidole mwa njira ya chiwonetsero chotchedwa “Mbiri ya Tower Bridge.” Ntchito yodabwitsa yomwe mainjiniya anagwira komanso mwambo waukulu kwambiri womwe anatsegulira nawo mlathowu, zinajambulidwa pa zithunzi za akatswiri a zojambulajambula. Palinso zithunzi zokhakhala zakale ndi malo ena omatapo zinthu omwe amasonyeza mbali zochititsa chidwi za kamangidwe ka mlatho wa Tower Bridge.

Misewu ya pamwamba pa mlathowu imathandiza mlendo kuona bwinobwino kukongola konse kwa mzinda wa London. Chakumadzulo, amaona tchalitchi cha St. Paul’s Cathedral ndi mabanki amene ali m’chigawo cha zamalonda, ndipo chapataliko amaona nsanja ya Post Office. Chakummawa, munthu angayembekezere kuona madoko, koma tsopano anawasunthira kumunsi kwa mtsinjewu, kutali ndi mzinda wamakonowu. M’malo mwake kuli dera lotchedwa Docklands, lomwe ndi dera lamakono lokhala ndi nyumba zomangidwa mwaluso kwambiri. Zimene mumaona mukakhala pa mlatho wotchuka wa ku London umenewu mukhozadi kuzifotokoza kuti n’zosangalatsa, zochititsa kaso, ndiponso zogometsa.

Mukadzapita ku London, bwanji osadzapita kukadzionera nokha mlatho wochititsa chidwi umenewu? Ngati mungadzatero, simudzaiwala ntchito yaluso kwambiri yomwe mainjiniya anagwira pomanga mlatho wochititsa kasowu.

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Imodzi mwa mapampu awiri oyendera nthunzi amene kale ankayendetsa mainjini

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Copyright Tower Bridge Exhibition

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Mbali ziwiri za mlathowu zimatukulidwa m’mwamba mpaka pamapeto pake mu nthawi yosakwana mphindi imodzi

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©Alan Copson/​Agency Jon Arnold Images/​age fotostock

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