TV Ndi “Mphunzitsi Wakabisira”

TV INGAKHALE chida cha mphamvu chophunzitsira. Kudzera pa TV, timaphunzira za mayiko amene mwina sitidzafikako ndiponso anthu amene mwina sitidzakumanapo nawo. Timakhala ngati tapita ku nkhalango zotentha ndi ku madera ozizira kwambiri okhala ndi madzi oundana, pamwamba pa mapiri ataliatali ndi ku malo akuya kwambiri a m’nyanja za mchere. Timatha kuona zinthu za m’dzikoli kuyambira pa tinthu ting’onoting’ono mpaka pa zinthu zazikulu ngati nyenyezi. Timatha kuonera ndi kumvera nkhani pa nthawi imene zinthuzo zikuchitikadi ku madera akutali kwambiri. Timadziwa zambiri zokhudza ndale, mbiri, nkhani zochitika kumene, ndiponso chikhalidwe. TV imatha kuonetsa anthu ali pachisoni kapena pachisangalalo. TV imasangalatsa, imalangiza, ndiponso imachititsa anthu kufuna kuchita zinthu zinazake.

Komabe, ambiri mwa mapulogalamu amene amaonetsedwa pa TV si abwino ndipo sangatiphunzitse zinthu zabwino. Mwina zimene amadandaula nazo kwambiri anthu amene salimbikitsa kuonera TV ndi kuchuluka kwa zithunzi zoonetsedwa bwino zosonyeza chiwawa ndi kugonana. Mwachitsanzo, pakafukufuku wina yemwe anachitika ku United States, anapeza kuti mapulogalamu a pa TV pafupifupi awiri mwa atatu alionse ali ndi mbali zina zoonetsa chiwawa, zomwe zimakhalapo pafupifupi 6 pa ola lililonse. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti, wachinyamata akamafika pa usinkhu wachikulire, amakhala ataonera zithunzi zachiwawa zokwana masauzande ambirimbiri. Nkhani ndi zithunzi zosonyeza kugonana nazonso n’zochuluka. Mapulogalamu awiri mwa atatu alionse a pa TV amakhala ndi nkhani zokhudza kugonana, ndipo 35 peresenti ya mapulogalamu amenewa amasonyeza anthu akugonana. Nthawi zambiri amaonetsa zimenezi m’njira yosonyeza kuti palibe choopsa chilichonse, ndiponso kuti anthu akhoza kuchita zimenezi ngati akufuna, ndipo anthu ake amakhala osakwatirana. *

Kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi, anthu akufuna kwambiri mapulogalamu a pa TV osonyeza zakugonana ndi chiwawa. Mafilimu a ku United States osonyeza zimenezi, amene kenaka amadzaonetsedwa pa TV, amayenda malonda kwambiri m’mayiko a kunja. Mafilimuwo sikuti amachita kufuna anthu aluso kapena nkhani zolembedwa mwaluso ayi, ndipo nkhani zake anthu amazitsatira  mosavuta. Koma amadalira pa kuonetsa ndewu, kuphana, kuwala kwapadera ndi nyimbo zogwirizana ndi zomwe akuonetsazo, ndiponso kugonana, kuti akope chidwi cha anthu oonerera. Komabe, kuti anthu apitirize kuonera zimenezi mwachidwi kwa nthawi yaitali, zimafunika kusinthasintha. Anthu oonerera sachedwa kutopa ndi zinthu zimodzimodzi, ndipo zinthu zimene zinali zosangalatsa zimayamba kutopetsa. Choncho pofuna kupitiriza kukopa chidwi cha oonerera, anthu opanga mafilimu amaikamo zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri kapena zoopsa kwambiri. Amachita zimenezi mwa kuwonjezera chiwawa ndiponso mwakuonetsa zithunzi zochuluka zooneka bwino kwambiri, zoonetsa anthu akugonana, ndi zoopsa.

Pali Maganizo Osiyanasiyana a Momwe TV Imakhudzira Moyo Wathu

Kodi anthu amakhudzidwa bwanji akamaonera nthawi zonse zachiwawa ndi zogonana? Anthu osagwirizana ndi kuonera kwambiri TV amanena kuti kuonera zachiwawa kumachititsa anthu kuti akhale aukali ndiponso osamvera chisoni anzawo omwe akuvutikadi ndi chiwawa. Iwo amanenanso kuti kuonera zogonana kumasonkhezera khalidwe la chiwerewere ndipo kumawononga makhalidwe abwino.

Kodi n’zoona kuti kuonera TV kumasonkhezeradi munthu kuchita makhalidwe amenewo? Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu akhala akutsutsana kwambiri pa funso limeneli, ndipo kafukufuku wochuluka wachitika ndiponso kwalembedwa mabuku ndi nkhani masauzande ambirimbiri onena za nkhani imeneyi. Mfundo imodzi yaikulu imene ikuchititsa kutsutsanaku ndi yoti, n’kovuta kutsimikiza kuti chinthu chimachitika chifukwa cha chinthu china. Mwachitsanzo, kuti munthu akamaonera zachiwawa pa TV kuyambira ali wakhanda zimam’chititsa kukhala waukali akamakula. Kutsimikizira mfundo imeneyi nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta. Mwachitsanzo:  Tiyerekezere kuti mwamwa mankhwala a mtundu winawake kwanthawi yoyamba, ndiyeno patangopita maola ochepa, mukutuluka zidzolo pakhungu lanu. Pazochitika ngati zimenezi, n’kosavuta kudziwa kuti mankhwalawo sanakuyanjeni. Koma nthawi zina zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti mankhwala sanakuyanjeni zimaoneka patadutsa nthawi ndiponso mwa pang’onopang’ono. Zikatero zimakhala zovuta kutsimikiza kuti mwatuluka zidzolozo chifukwa choti mankhwalawo sanakuyanjeni, komanso zidzolo zimayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zina zambiri.

Mofananamo, zakhala zovuta kutsimikizira kuti kuonera zachiwawa pa TV kumachititsa munthu kukhala wachiwawa ndiponso wakhalidwe loipa. Koma kafukufuku wochuluka wasonyeza kuti pali mgwirizano winawake pakati pa zinthu zimenezi. Kuwonjezera apo, anthu ena ochita za umbanda anena kuti khalidwe lawo la chiwawalo linayamba chifukwa cha zomwe ankaonera pa TV. Komabe, pali zinthu zambiri zimene zimachititsa anthu kuti akhale ndi khalidwe linalake. Masewera achiwawa a pavidiyo, khalidwe la anzake a munthu ndiponso achibale ake, mmene akukhalira pamoyo wake, zonsezi zikhoza kumuchititsa kuti akhale wachiwawa.

Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti pali kutsutsana pa nkhani imeneyi. Katswiri wina wa zamaganizo wa ku Canada analemba kuti: “Kafukufuku wa sayansi sanasonyeze kuti kuonera zachiwawa kumachititsa munthu kuti akhale wachiwawa kapenanso kuti asamamvere chisoni anthu amene achitiridwa zachiwawa.” Komabe, bungwe linalake loona za mmene TV imakhudzira moyo la American Psychological Association Committee on Media linati: “Palibe kukayikira kulikonse kuti kuonera kwambiri zachiwawa pa TV kumachititsa kuti munthu azigwirizana ndi makhalidwe achiwawa, ndipo munthuyo amakhalanso wachiwawa kwambiri.”

Ganizirani za Mmene TV Imakhudzira Kaganizidwe Kathu

Kumbukirani kuti pa kutsutsana kwawo, akatswiriwa akufuna umboni wotsimikizira kuti kuonera zachiwawa kumayambitsa chiwawa. Koma ndi anthu ochepa okha amene angaumirire kunena kuti TV simakhudza kaganizidwe ndi khalidwe lathu. Taganizirani izi. Chithunzi chimodzi chokha chingatichititse kuti tikwiye, tilire, tisangalale. Nyimbo nazo zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wathu. Ndipo mawu, ngakhale ochita kulembedwa, amatichititsa kuganiza, kumva, ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Nangano zithunzi zoti zikuyenda, nyimbo, ndi mawu olankhulidwa, akazilumikiza pamodzi mwaluso zingatikhudze motani? N’zosadabwitsa kuti TV ndi yokopa kwambiri, ndipo aliyense akhoza kuionera. Wolemba wina anati: “Chikhalidwe cha anthu chinapita patsogolo kuyambira pamene anthu anayamba kulemba malingaliro awo m’mabuku . . . koma tsopano palibe njira ina yamakono yofalitsira uthenga imene yakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha anthu kuposa TV.”

Anthu amalonda amawononga ndalama zokwana madola mabiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse potsatsa malonda awo, chifukwa amadziwa bwino kuti anthu amakhudzidwa ndi zomwe amaonera ndiponso kumva. Sikuti amangowononga ndalamazo chifukwa akuganiza kuti kutsatsa malondako kungathandize, koma amadziwa kuti kumathandiza. Kuitanira malonda koteroko kumathandiza kuti malondawo agulidwe. M’chaka cha 2004, kampani ya Coca-Cola inawononga ndalama zokwana madola 2.2 biliyoni, potsatsa malonda ake padziko lonse lapansi m’manyuzipepala, pa wailesi, ndi pa TV. Kodi kuwononga ndalama zoterozo kunali kothandiza? Chaka chimenecho, kampaniyo inapanga phindu la ndalama zokwana pafupifupi madola 22 biliyoni. Anthu otsatsa malonda amadziwa bwino kuti kulengeza malonda kamodzi kokha mwina sikungam’khudze munthu kwenikweni. Choncho, iwo amatsatsa malondawo mobwerezabwereza kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa akudziwa kuti anthu amayamba kukhulupirira zinthu zomwe akuzimva ndi kuziona kawirikawiri.

Ngati kuonera uthenga wamalonda kwa masekondi 30 kumakhudza khalidwe ndi zochita zathu, ndiye kuti n’zodziwikiratu kuti kuonera TV kwa maola ochuluka kumatikhudzanso. Wolemba buku lotchedwa Television—An International History anati, “Ngakhale kuti sizichita kuonekeratu, tikamaonera zinthu pa TV, ngakhale zinthu zooneka ngati zazing’ono komanso zopanda ntchito, TV imakhala ikugwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi wakabisira.” Buku linanso lotchedwa A Pictorial History of Television linati: “TV ikusintha kaganizidwe kathu.” Funso limene tiyenera kudzifunsa n’loti, ‘Kodi zimene ndimaonera zikukhudza kaganizidwe kanga m’njira imene ineyo ndikufuna?’

Kwa anthu amene akutumikira Mulungu, funso limenelo n’lofunika mwapadera. Zinthu zambiri zimene zimaonetsedwa pa TV n’zosagwirizana ndi mfundo zapamwamba za makhalidwe abwino zimene Baibulo limaphunzitsa. Moyo ndi makhalidwe oletsedwa m’Malemba, zimaonetsedwa pa TV m’njira yosonyeza ngati kuti n’zovomerezeka, n’zabwino,  ndiponso ngati zotsogola. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mfundo zachikristu pamodzi ndi anthu amene amazitsatira, nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa, kunyozedwa, ngakhale kusekedwa kumene pa TV. Wolemba mabuku wina anadandaula kuti: “Kodi sizokwanira kuti anthu osokonekera amaonedwa ngati abwino? Kodi anthu abwino ayeneranso kumaonedwa ngati osokonekera?” Kawirikawiri, “mphunzitsi wakabisira” ameneyu amakhala ngati akunena kuti: ‘Zoipa n’zabwino, ndi zabwino n’zoipa.’—Yesaya 5:20.

Tiyenera kusamala ndi zimene timaonera, chifukwa zimakhudza kaganizidwe kathu. Baibulo limati: “Ukayenda ndi anzeru udzakhala wanzeru: koma mnzawo wa opusa adzapwetekedwa.” (Miyambo 13:20) Katswiri wina wa Baibulo, dzina lake Adam Clarke anati: “Kuti tiyende ndi munthu wina pamafunika chikondi ndi kugwirizana; ndipo n’zosatheka kuti tisawatsanzire anthu amene timawakonda. N’chifukwa chake pali mawu akuti, ‘Ndionetseni mabwenzi ake, ndipo ndikuuzani za munthuyo.’ Ndidziwe kaye anthu amene amacheza nawo, ndipo ndidziwa mosavuta za umunthu ndi makhalidwe ake.” Monga mmene taonera, anthu ambiri amawononga nthawi yochuluka akuonera anthu a pa TV, omwe amachita zinthu zoipa, ndiponso amene Mkristu woona mtima sangafune kuwaitanira kunyumba kwake.

Ngati dokotala atakuuzani kuti muzimwa mankhwala enaake amphamvu, mosakayikira mungafufuze mosamala za mmene mankhwalawo angakuthandizireni komanso za kuopsa kwake. Kumwa mankhwala olakwika, kapena kumwa mankhwala oyenera koma mopyola muyezo, kungawononge thanzi lanu. N’chimodzimodzinso ndi kuonera TV. Choncho, ndi bwino kuganizira mwakuya za zimene timaonera.

Mtumwi Paulo anauziridwa kuti alimbikitse Akristu kuti azilingalira zinthu zoona, zofunika kwambiri, zolungama, zoyera, za chikondi, zonenedwa bwino, khalidwe labwino, ndi zotamandika. (Afilipi 4:6-8) Kodi mumvera malangizo amenewa? Mudzakhala wosangalala kwambiri ngati mutamvera.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 5]

“TV ndi chida chimene chimakupangitsani kuti muzisangalala m’chipinda chanu chochezera ndi anthu amene simungawaitanire n’komwe kunyumba kwanu.”—Anatero David Frost, wogwira ntchito youlutsa mawu ku Britain

[Bokosi patsamba 5]

BWANJI NANGA ZA KUGONANA NDI CHIWAWA ZOTCHULIDWA M’BAIBULO?

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zachiwawa ndiponso kugonana zoonetsedwa pa TV, ndi zomwe zatchulidwa m’Baibulo? Mavesi a m’Baibulo amene amatchula zakugonana kapena chiwawa, analembedwa n’cholinga chotilangiza, osati kutisangalatsa. (Aroma 15:4) Mawu a Mulungu ali ndi nkhani zakale zomwe zinachitikadi. Amatithandiza kuti timvetse malingaliro a Mulungu pa nkhani zinazake, ndiponso kuti tiphunzire pa zomwe anzathu analakwitsa.

M’mayiko ambiri amene anthu amatsatsa malonda pa TV, amaonetsa zakugonana ndi chiwawa, osati n’cholinga cholangiza, koma kuti zibweretse phindu lalikulu pa malonda awo. Otsatsa malonda amafuna kukopa anthu ambirimbiri, ndipo amakopa anthu oonera TV mwa kuonetsa zachiwawa ndiponso kugonana. Zotsatira zake n’zakuti anthuwo amaonerera malondawo ndiponso amaguladi. Owerenga nkhani a pa TV amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo iyi: “Ngati nkhaniyo ikusonyeza kukhetsa magazi, ikhale koyambirira.” Choncho nkhani zonse zomvetsa chisoni, monga za upandu, masoka achilengedwe, ndi nkhondo, zimakhala koyambirira kwa nkhani zina zonse zosakopa chidwi kwenikweni.

Ngakhale kuti m’Baibulo muli nkhani zokhudza chiwawa, ilo limalimbikitsa anthu kukhala mwa mtendere pamoyo wawo, osati kubwezerana zoipa, koma kuthetsa kusamvana mwa mtendere. Baibulo limalimbikitsa kupewa zachiwerewere nthawi zonse. Koma zomwe zimaonetsedwa pa TV sizilimbikitsa anthu kuchita zimenezi.—Yesaya 2:2-4; 1 Akorinto 13:4-8; Aefeso 4:32.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 7]

MMENE TV IMAKHUDZIRA ANA

“Mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa umboni umene wapezeka pa kafukufuku amene wachitika kwa zaka makumi ambiri, asayansi ndiponso akuluakulu oona za umoyo wa anthu afika pogwirizana pa mfundo imodzi yoti pamakhala ngozi yoopsa ngati ana akuonera chiwawa pa TV.”—Linatero Bungwe la The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.

“[Tikugwirizana ndi zomwe] bungwe loona za matenda a ana lotchedwa American Academy of Pediatrics linanena, zoti ‘ana omwe sanapitirire zaka ziwiri [asamaonere TV].’ Ana amenewa ubongo wawo umakhala ukukula komanso kukhwima mofulumira kwambiri. Choncho amafunika kusewera ndiponso kucheza ndi anthu enieni, n’cholinga choti akule bwino, aziganiza bwino, ndiponso azitha kuchita bwino zinthu ndi anzawo.”—Linatero Bungwe la The National Institute on Media and the Family.

[Chithunzi pamasamba 6, 7]

Kodi zimene ndimaonera zikusintha kaganizidwe kanga m’njira imene ineyo ndikufuna?