Malo a Zachilengedwe a Belize Barrier Reef—Chuma Chadziko Lonse

YAMBANI

Malo a Zachilengedwe a Belize Barrier Reef—Chuma Chadziko Lonse

YOLEMBEDWA NDI WOLEMBA GALAMUKANI! KU MEXICO

“Kuwonongedwa kapena kutha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zachikhalidwe cha anthu kumasaukitsa mayiko onse a padziko lapansi . . . Mayiko onse pamodzi ali ndi udindo woteteza chuma cha m’zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zachikhalidwe, chomwe n’chofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.”—Mfundo ya mumgwirizano wa World Heritage Convention wopangidwa ndi bungwe la UNESCO.

MOGWIRIZANA ndi mawu ali pamwambawa, malo a zachilengedwe a Belize Barrier-Reef Reserve System, anasankhidwa kukhala chuma chadziko lonse m’chaka cha 1996. Potero, anakhala nawo m’gulu la malo otchuka kwambiri a zachilengedwe, monga ngati a Machu Picchu ku Peru, a Grand Canyon ku United States, ndi malo enanso ochititsa chidwi otere padziko lapansi. Kodi n’chiyani chikuchititsa malo amenewa kukhala “ofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi”?

Chuma Chofunika Kuchiteteza

Malo a zachilengedwe a Belize Barrier Reef, n’ngopangidwa ndi matanthwe akuluakulu a m’madzi, omwenso anachita kupangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zamoyo ndi zakufa. Malo a zachilengedwe a Belize Barrier Reef, n’ngaakulu kwambiri kumadzulo konse kwa dziko lapansi, koma padziko lonse n’ngachiwiri. Oyamba ali ku Australia ndipo amatchedwa Great Barrier Reef. Malowa n’ngaakulu makilomita 300, ndipo adutsa ku chisumbu cha Yucatán Peninsula n’kutenganso mbali yayikulu ya dera la m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya m’dziko la Belize, ku Central America. Kuonjezera pa matanthwe ambiri opangidwa ndi zinthu zamoyo, m’derali muli tizilumba tating’onoting’ono tokwana 450, ndi matanthwe atatu ozungulira omwe apanga matamanda okongola kwambiri m’mbali mwa nyanja. Kuderali, kuli malo 7 otetezedwa mwapadera pansi pa pangano la World Heritage Convention, omwe ali ndi zamoyo zam’madzi zamitundumitundu, ndipo onse pamodzi n’ngaakulu masikweya kilomita 960.

Madera a matanthwe opangidwa ndi zinthu zamoyo amenewa, n’ngofunikadi kuwateteza chifukwa amasunga pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya zinyama ndi zomera zam’madzi za padziko lonse lapansi. Derali lili pa malo achiwiri pa madera osunga ndi kusamalira zamoyo zambiri. Pamalo oyamba pali nkhalango za kumadera otentha a padziko lapansi. Komabe, asayansi akuchenjeza kuti, pakutha pa zaka 20 kapena 40, pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya matanthwe opangidwa ndi zamoyo amenewa, idzakhala itawonongedwa. Koma matanthwewa angatetezeke pokhapokha ngati anthu ataleka kuipitsa m’nyanja, atayamba kuyang’anira bwino anthu okaona malo, komanso ataleka kuchita zinthu monga kupha nsomba pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Kumalo a zachilengedwe a Belize Barrier-Reef Reserve System, kumapezeka mitundu 70 ya zamoyo zomwe ziganamba kapena mafupa awo amakhala olimba kwambiri, mitundu 36 yomwe ziganamba zawo n’zofewa, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba yokwana 500. Kumalo amenewa kumapezekanso zamoyo zina zam’madzi, zomwe zayamba kusowa m’madera ambiri padziko lapansi, monga ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akamba a m’madzi, mitundu ya ng’ona za ku America, ndi tamoyo tina tam’madzi todya zomera. Pokambapo za kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo zam’madzi za kuderali, katswiri wofufuza za matanthwe opangidwa ndi zamoyo, dzina lake Julianne Robinson, anati: “Malo a zachilengedwe a Belize Barrier Reef System, ali ndi zinthu zambiri zoti anthu ofufuzafufuza komanso alendo angaziphunzire . . . Ndi malo amodzi mwa malo ochepa omwe anthu sanasokoneze kwambiri moyo wa zinyama ndi zomera, komabe malowa ali pangozi.”

Vuto lalikulu limene likuwopseza malowa ndi kusuluka kwa matanthwe opangidwa ndi zinthu zamoyo. Chimene chimachitika n’chakuti, matanthwe okhala ndi kaonekedwe ka mitundu yambirimbiri amenewa amasuluka n’kuyera mbee. (Onani bokosi la pa tsamba 26.) Lipoti la National Geographic News linalengeza kuti, kutangochitika mphepo ya mkuntho yotchedwa Mitch, matanthwe anasuluka kwadzaoneni pakati pa chaka cha 1997 ndi 1998. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti mbali yakunja ya matanthwe amenewa, yopangidwa ndi zamoyo zenizeni ichepe pafupifupi ndi 48 peresenti. Kodi n’chiyani kwenikweni chinachititsa zimenezi? Ngakhale kuti akadafufuzabe chimene chinachititsa, wasayansi wina wofufuza za matanthwe amenewa, dzina lake Melanie McField, anati: “Kusuluka kwa matanthwe opangidwa ndi zamoyo kumeneku, kukuchitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti ku madera a ku nyanja kwayamba kutentha kwambiri. . . . Dzuwa lamphamvu nalonso limasukulutsa matanthwewa, ndipo zifukwa ziwirizi zikaphatikizana, m’pamene matanthwe amasuluka. Komabe chosangalatsa n’chakuti malowa akubwereranso mwakale pang’ono ndi pang’ono. *

Paradaiso wa M’madzi

Anthu ambiri osambira kapena ongofuna kuona zinthu zam’madzi, amasangalala kwambiri ndi madzi abwino a ku malo a zachilengedwe a ku Belize, amene amakhala ofunda. Mpaka pano, pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya malowa, sanadziwike bwinobwino kuti ali n’chiyani. Kuchokera ku malowa, kukafika ku mzinda wa San Pedro ku kachilumba ka Ambergris, pali mtunda wochepa chabe ndipo kupitako n’kosavuta. Kuyenda makilomita 6 kulowera kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa San Pedro, kumapezeka malo a pansi panyanja a zachilengedwe otchedwa Hol Chan Marine Reserve. Malowa n’ngaakulu masikweya kilomita 8, ndipo n’ngosaya kwambiri. Alinso ndi ngalande yomwe inadutsa m’thanthwelo.

Kuyenda makilomita 100 kuchokera ku mtunda wa ku Belize kulowera komwe kuli malo a zachilengedwe a Lighthouse Reef, timapeza chitsime chopangidwa ndi matanthwe a zinthu zamoyo, chotchedwa Blue Hole. Chitsime chimenechi n’chotetezedwa ndi bungwe la World Heritage ndipo chili m’gulu la malo abwino kwambiri padziko lonse, komwe anthu amakasambira. Katswiri wina wa zinthu zam’nyanja wa ku France, dzina lake Jacques-Yves Cousteau, ndiye anatulukira malo amenewa m’chaka cha 1970, ali pa sitima yake yofufuzira malo yotchedwa Calypso. Chitsime cha Blue Hole, chomwenso chili m’nyanja yooneka yabuluu, kwenikweni ndi chiboo chomwe chili pa thanthwe la miyala yopangira laimu ndipo m’mphepete mwa chiboochi muli zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Pakamwa pa chitsime chimenechi m’papakulu mamita 300 ndipo n’chakuya ndi mamita 120. Poyamba malo amenewa anali ngati phanga lalikulu la pamtunda, koma madzi a m’nyanja atakwera kwambiri, phanga limeneli linagumukira m’kati n’kupanga chitsimechi. Zipupa za chitsimechi n’zoongoka kwambiri, ndipo mukayenda mamita 35 kupita pansi, mumapeza miyala yosongoka yomwe inaima choloza pansi kuchokera m’miyala ya m’zipupamu. Pachitsime pamenepa, mumatha kuona zinthu zochititsa chidwi zam’madzi mpaka pa mtunda wokwana mamita 60 kupita pansi. Kupatula pa nsomba zotchedwa shaki, pali zamoyo zam’madzi zochepa chabe zimene mungazione pamenepa. Anthu osambira ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri chifukwa malinga ndi mmene kumeneku kulili, kujowera m’madzi mwamphamvu kungapangitse munthu kulephera kupuma, ndipo anthu ophunzira kusambira ndiye sayenera kuyesa n’komwe. Komabe, pachitsimepa pali madzi oyera bwino kwambiri oti mukamasambira mumatha kuona zinthu zapansi pamadzi mosavuta, makamaka cha m’mphepete mwa matanthwe a zamoyo amenewa.

Pafupi ndi pamenepa, palinso kachilumba kena kotchedwa Half Moon, ndipo malo amenewanso ali m’gulu la malo 7 omwe anasankhidwa mwapadera aja. Pa kachilumba kokongola kwambirika, pamapezeka mbalame ina ya m’madzi ya miyendo yofiira, yomwe n’njosowa kwambiri kumadera ochuluka padziko lonse. Pamalopa palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame yokwanira 98. Kusambira m’mphepete mwa chipupa cha pansi pa nyanja chotchedwa Half Moon Cay Wall, chomwe chinakutidwa ndi zamoyo zokhala ndi ziganamba zofewa koma mokuya mamita 1,000, n’kosangalatsa kwambiri.

Monga mmene taonera paulendo wathu wachidule wokaona malo a zachilengedwe a Belize Barrier Reef, malo amenewa n’ngofunikadi kuwateteza kuti ana am’tsogolo nawonso adzawaone ndi kusangalala nawo. Ndithudi, kuwononga chuma chimenechi kuli ngati “kusaukitsa dziko lonse lapansi.”

[Mawu a M’munsi]

^ ndime 9 N’zovuta kuyesa kuchepetsa vuto la kutentha kwa derali, lobwera chifukwa cha kutentha kwa padziko lonse. Komabe, kuyambira panthawi imene malowa anasankhidwa ndi bungwe la World Heritage, n’kukhala nawo m’gulu la malo a zachilengedwe ochititsa chidwi, anthu ambiri a m’dziko la Belize alimbikitsidwa kugwira nawo ntchito yoteteza malowa.

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Kusuluka Mtundu kwa Matanthwe Opangidwa ndi Zinthu Zamoyo

Matanthwe opangidwa ndi zamoyo, kwenikweni amapangidwa ndi gulu la tizinyama ting’onoting’ono todya zinyama zinzawo. Tinyama timeneti, timakhala ndi chiganamba chomwe chimakhala ndi zinthu ngati zopangira laimu kapena choko. Matanthwe a zinthu zamoyowa amaumbidwa pamwamba pa ziganamba za tizinyama topanga matanthwe timene tinafa. Tindere ting’onoting’ono timakhala m’kati mwa tizinyama tamoyoto, ndipo timayambitsa mgwirizano wapadera kwambiri. Tindereto, timatulutsa mpweya umene tizinyamato timapuma, ndipo tizinyamato timatulutsa mpweya wa mtundu wina umene tindereto timafuna. Koma, madzi akatentha, tizinyamato timayamba kusanza tindereto kuchokera m’mimba mwawo. Zimenezi, n’zimene zimachititsa kuti matanthwewa asasuluke chifukwa mankhwala amene amachititsa zinthu kukhala zobiriwira amatayikira pamodzi ndi nderezo. Chifukwa cha kusuluka kumeneku, zamoyo zimene zapanga matanthwe amenewa zingadwale ndiponso kufa, ngakhale kuti zimenezi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Komabe, zamoyozo n’zopirira kwambiri moti zikayambanso kutetezedwa sizichedwa kubwereranso mwakale.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

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(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Mexico

BELIZE

Nyanja ya Caribbean

Nyanja ya Pacific

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Chithunzi cha dziko la Belize chojambulidwira m’mwamba kusonyeza dera lonse lalitali makilomita 300

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Chilumba cha Rendezvous

Credit Line]

©kevinschafer.com

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Mtundu umodzi wa akamba a m’madzi

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Chitsime cha Blue Hole ku Lighthouse Reef chinapangika phanga la miyala ya laimu litagumukira m’kati

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

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Malo a zachilengedwe a Belize Barrier Reef ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba yokwanira 500

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

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GALAMUKANI!