N’chifukwa Chiyani Ambiri Ali Osauka M’dziko Lolemerali?

YESU KHRISTU ali padziko lapansi ananena mawu akuti: “Osaukawo muli nawo nthawi zonse, koma ine simudzakhala nane nthawi zonse.” (Mateyo 26:11) Nthawi zonse pakhala anthu osauka ambiri kuyambira nthawi ya Yesu kufika pano. Komano n’chifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri ali osauka padziko pano pomwe pali chuma cha nkhaninkhani?

Ena amati anthu amasauka chifukwa sachita zinthu mwanzeru. Inde, zimenezi zingakhale zoona kwa ena. Anthu amene amakonda kwambiri mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi njuga sangachedwe kusauka. Koma si osauka onse amene anasauka chifukwa cha zochita zawo.

Pali ambiri amene anachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka makampani. Palinso anthu ambiri a pantchito amene ataya ndalama zawo chifukwa zipatala zakwera kwambiri mtengo. Ndipo ambiri mwa anthu ochuluka amene ali paumphawi m’mayiko osauka, sakanatha kupewa umphawiwo m’njira ina iliyonse, monga nkhani yotsatirayi ikusonyezera.

 Kuphunzirapo Kanthu

Chakumayambiriro kwa m’ma 1930, chuma cha padziko lonse chinalowa pansi kwambiri. M’dziko lina, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri anachotsedwa ntchito ndipo mabanja ochuluka zedi anasowa pokhala. Koma ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri ankagona ndi njala, alimi anakakamizika kutaya mkaka wambirimbiri ndipo boma linakakamiza alimiwo kuti aphe ndi kutaya ziweto zawo mamiliyoni ambirimbiri.

N’chifukwa chiyani ankasakaza chakudya m’njira imeneyi? N’chifukwa chakuti malamulo a zachuma panthawiyo anali oti zakudya ziyenera kugulitsidwa m’njira yopindulitsa boma. Anthu osauka ankafunikira kwambiri zinthu monga mkaka, nyama, ndi zokolola zosiyanasiyana. Komano chifukwa choti boma linaona kuti silipeza phindu lililonse pogulitsa zinthu zimenezi kwa osaukawo, linkangozitaya ngati zopanda ntchito.

M’mizinda yambiri anthu anayamba kuchita zipolowe chifukwa chofuna chakudya. Chifukwa cholephera kugulira chakudya mabanja awo, anthu ena ankangolanda chakudyacho poopseza ndi mfuti. Ena anafa ndi njala. Zonsezi zinachitika ku United States. Ngakhale kuti dziko limeneli n’lolemera, chuma cha padziko lonse chitangoyamba kulowa pansi, linalephera kuyendetsa bwino chuma chake kuti lithandize anthu osauka. M’malo moika patsogolo ntchito yopereka zinthu zomwe nzika zake zinkafunikira, monga chakudya, malo ogona ndi ntchito, dzikolo linkangoganizira za phindu limene lingapeze.

Mmene Chuma Chikuyendera Masiku Ano

Chuma cha padziko lonse chinayamba kuyenda bwino moti panopo zikuoneka kuti anthu ambiri n’ngopeza bwino kuposa kale lonse. Komabe, ngakhale pali chuma chambiri chonchi, nthawi zambiri anthu osauka sakhala ndi mwayi wodyerera nawo chumachi. M’mayiko ena nkhani za njala ndi umphawi n’zofala kwambiri moti anthu sadabwa nazo n’komwe. Komabe chifukwa choti maboma akulephera kusamalira anthu osauka, timaona anthu othawa nkhondo akufa ndi njala.  Timaonanso chakudya chankhaninkhani chikungowonongeka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu andale. Nayo mitengo ya zinthu ikukwera kwambiri moti osauka sangathe kukwanitsa. Padziko lonse, maboma sayendetsa chuma chawo moganizira anthu ambirimbiri osauka.

Kunena zoona, palibe boma la anthu limene layendetsapo chuma chake mokomera anthu onse. Zaka 3,000 zapitazo, munthu wina wa nzeru zakuya anati: “Ndinabweranso tsono ndi kupenyera nsautso zonse zimachitidwa kunja kuno; ndipo taona, misozi ya otsenderezedwa, koma analibe wakuwatonthoza; ndipo akuwatsendereza anali ndi mphamvu koma iwowa analibe wakuwatonthoza.” (Mlaliki 4:1) Masiku ano padziko pali chuma chambiri, komabe anthu ena akudyeredwa masuku pamutu.

Pali anthu ambiri amene alibe mwayi uliwonse wothetsa umphawi wawo. Komano palinso anthu ambiri amene atulukira njira yodzithandizira pa mavuto awo a zachuma. Anthuwa apezanso chiyembekezo chodzakhala ndi moyo wina wabwino m’tsogolo.

[Bokosi patsamba 5]

Moyo Wovutika

M’buku lake lonena za anthu osauka, (The Working Poor—Invisible in America) mtolankhani wina dzina lake David K. Shipler anafotokoza moyo wa anthu ena ku United States omwe angathe kusauka kwambiri nthawi ina iliyonse. Iye anati: “Kukhala m’nyumba yachabechabe, kungaipitse zinthu kwa mwana wodwala mphumu, zimene zingachititse kuti mayi aitanitse ambulansi, n’kukhala ndi ngongole yaikulu yoti sangathe kuibweza, kutanthauza kuti aipitsa dzina lake ku banki, ndipo ngati angafune kugula galimoto pangongole ayenera kudzapereka ndalama zowonjezera pamsonkho, zimene zingapangitse kuti agule galimoto yakutha yomwe izingomuchedwetsa ku ntchito, motero sangakwezedwe udindo ndi kuwonjezeredwa malipiro, zomwe zingachititse kuti azingokhalabe m’nyumba yachabechabeyo.” Moyo wa mayiyu ndi mwana wake uli pa chiswe, ngakhale kuti akukhala m’dziko lolemera kwambiri padziko lonse.

[Bokosi patsamba 6]

Kodi Akuyesetsadi Kuthetsa Vutoli?

Mu November 1993, akuluakulu ena anakumana ku Washington, D.C., poyesa kupeza njira yothetsera vuto linalake lalikulu. Panali ndalama zokwana madola mamiliyoni ambirimbiri zomwe akuluakuluwo ankafuna kuthandizira anthu osowa pokhala ku United States. Ali m’kati mokambirana, chapafupi panali apolisi, ozimitsa moto, ndi antchito ena opulumutsa anthu pangozi, omwe anasonkhana pa malo okwerera mabasi. Pamenepa panali ambulansi yomwe inkatenga thupi la mayi wina wosowa pokhala. N’zovuta kumvetsa kuti iyeyu anafera kumaso kwa nyumba yomweyo imene munali akuluakulu aja, yomwe ili nyumba ya bungwe loona za anthu osowa pokhala ku United States (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development).

Pambuyo pake, mtolankhani wa nyuzi ina (The New York Times) anafunsa munthu wina wogwira ntchito m’bungweli amene anatchulapo za kuchuluka kwa anthu opulumutsa anthu pangozi ndiponso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amene anapezeka pamenepo. Iye anati: “Kungoti n’zodabwitsa kuona kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chimene munthu amapatsidwa akamwalira, koma pamene anali moyo sankathandizidwa ngakhale pang’ono.”

[Chithunzi pamasamba 4, 5]

Mayi wa ana atatuyu anasamuka m’dziko lake chifukwa cha umphawi panthawi imene chuma cha padziko lonse chinalowa pansi kwambiri m’ma 1930

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Dorothea Lange, FSA Collection, Library of Congress

 [Chithunzi pamasamba 6, 7]

M’mafakitale ngati awa, anthu amagwira ntchito yakalavulagaga koma ya malipiro ochepa kwambiri okwana madola 14 pamwezi, ndipo mlungu wonse sawapatsa tsiku lopuma

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© Fernando Moleres/Panos Pictures