Opanga Mafuta Onunkhira Amakonda Chipatsochi

YOLEMBEDWA NDI WOLEMBA GALAMUKANI! KU ITALY

ANTHU anayamba kalekale kupanga mafuta ndiponso zodzoladzola zonunkhira. M’nthawi za m’Baibulo aliyense amene akanakwanitsa kugula mafuta onunkhira ankadzola mafutawa, ankawagwiritsira ntchito m’nyumba, pazovala, ndiponso pamalo ogona. Mafuta onunkhirawa amapangidwa ndi zinthu monga madzi a zomera zinazake zangati khonje, mafuta a mvunguti, ndiponso zonunkhiritsa zina.—Miyambo 7:17; Nyimbo ya Solomo 4:10, 14.

Mpaka pano timadzi topsinyidwa ku zomera n’tofunika kwambiri popanga mafutawa. Tabwera kuno ku Calabria, chakum’mwera kwenikweni kwa dziko la Italy ndipo tabwera kudzaona malo amene amapangirako chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene amaika m’mafuta onunkhirawa. Pali mtundu winawake wa malalanje amene amatulutsa kafungo kenakake konunkhira. Pafupifupi theka la mafuta onse onunkhira a akazi ndiponso amuna amakhala ndi kafungo kameneka. Tiloleni kuti tikufotokozereni zambiri za mtundu umenewu wa malalanje.

Masamba a mitengo ya malalanje amenewa amakhala obiriwira chaka chonse. Imatulutsa maluwa m’miyezi ya March ndi April, ndipo zipatso zake zimayamba kupsa mu October mpaka mu December. Akatswiri ambiri a zaulimi amaona kuti mtundu umenewu unapangika chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malalanje, koma sadziwa bwinobwino kuti unachokera kuti. Palibe kwina kulikonse kumene mitengo imeneyi imangomera mwachilengedwe, komanso nthangala zake sizimera ayi. Motero, alimi akafuna kudzala mitengoyi, amadula mphukira zake n’kukhazula mbali inayake ya mtengo wa manyumwa kapena mtundu wina wa malalanje kenaka n’kumangirirapo mphukirazo.

Anthu opanga mafuta onunkhira, amautayira kamtengo mtundu umenewu wa malalanje. Buku lina lofotokoza za nkhaniyi limalongosola kuti, timadzi tonunkhira ta mtengo umenewu n’todabwitsa kwambiri. N’todabwitsa chifukwa “choti fungo lake limatha kusintha m’njira zosiyanasiyana tikasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zina zonunkhira n’kusanduka fungo linalake latsopano.” *

Umalimidwa ku Calabria

Mabuku ofotokoza mbiri yakale amati malalanje amenewa anayamba kalekale kumera ku Calabria, mwina kumayambiriro kwa m’ma 1700, ndipo amati nthawi zina anthu a kumeneku ankagulitsa timadzi take tonunkhira kwa anthu apaulendo odutsa m’derali. Komano mitengoyi inatchuka pa zaulimi atayamba kuigwiritsira ntchito popanga mafuta onunkhira. Mu 1704, Gian Paolo Feminis, Mtaliyana wina amene anasamukira ku Germany, anapanga mafuta enaake onunkhira omwe anawatcha kuti “timadzi todolola.” Mbali yaikulu ya timadziti imachokera ku malalanje aja. Timadzi todololati tinayamba kudziwika ndi dzina la mzinda umene ankatipangirako, wotchedwa Cologne.

Mitengo yoyamba ya malalanje amenewa anaidzala ku Reggio cha m’ma 1750, ndipo alimi analimbikira kudzala mitengoyi ataona phindu limene inali kuwabweretsera. Mitengo imeneyi imakonda m’madera osatentha komanso osazizira  kwambiri. Sikondanso madera amphepo, madera amene nyengo imasinthasintha kwambiri ndiponso madera amene kumachita mame kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali. Dera limene mitengo imeneyi imamerako mosangalala kwambiri lili kufupi ndi chigawo chinachake cha m’mphepete mwanyanja cha kum’mwera kwenikweni kwa dziko la Italy. Derali n’laling’ono kwambiri moti kukula kwake ndi makilomita asanu okha basi m’mbali mwake ndiponso makilomita 150 m’litali mwake. Ngakhale kuti mitengo imeneyi akuyesa kuidzala m’madera ena, padziko lonse mitengo yambiri ya mtunduwu imalimidwa ku Reggio. Dziko la Côte d’Ivoire, ku Africa, ndilo dziko lachiwiri limene limalimanso mitengo yambiri yotereyi.

Makoko a malalanje amenewa amatulutsa mafuta enaake achikasu. Kale, akamayenga mafuta amenewa ankayamba adula lalanjelo pakati, n’kulisenda ndipo kenaka amatenga makoko akewo n’kumawafinyira m’zinkhupule. Kuti apeze mafuta osakwana n’komwe theka la kilogalamu ankafinya makoko olemera makilogalamu 90. Masiku ano mafutawa amafinyidwa ndi makina ndipo makinawa amasendanso okha malalanjewo.

Sudziwika Koma Ndi Wofala

Kupatulapo ku Calabria, n’kutheka kuti mtengo umenewu sudziwika kwambiri m’madera ena, komano buku lina linati: “Kwa anthu odziwa bwino za mafuta onunkhira palibe mtengo wina wofunika kuposa umenewu.” Kafungo kake kamapezeka m’mafuta onunkhira komanso m’sopo, m’mankhwala otsukira mano, ndiponso m’mafuta odzola osiyanasiyana. Kafungoka kamapezekanso mu zakudya ndi zakumwa zosiyanasiyana monga masamba a tiyi, chokoleti ndiponso m’zakumwa zina. Amakondanso kuwaika m’mafuta oteteza khungu kuti lisathetheke ndi dzuwa. Chifukwa choti mafuta a malalanjewa amapha tizilombo, azachipatala amawakonda moti amawagwiritsa ntchito pochita opaleshoni, pochiza matenda a maso ndiponso a pakhungu. Mafutawa amawagwiritsanso ntchito m’mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka, ndiponso mankhwala oletsa kutsegula m’mimba.

Akatswiri amagwiritsanso ntchito timadzi tamalalanjewa m’njira zinanso zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikupangitsanso kuti malalanjewa akhale ofunika kwambiri. Komatu zonsezi zimachokera m’chipatso cha mtundu umodzi.

Olemba Baibulo ayenera kuti ankadziwa bwino malalanjewa. Komatu tikamaganizira za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatsozi, komanso tikaganizira za nzeru za Mlengi wake, nafenso timamva ngati mmene wamasalmo anamvera. Iye anati: ‘Lemekezani Yehova mitengo yazipatso inu.’—Salmo 148:1, 9.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 25]

Amafinya mafuta kumalalanjewa pogwiritsira ntchito makina

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© Danilo Donadoni/Marka/age fotostock