Nyama Zakuthengo Zimasangalala ku Gabon

YOLEMBEDWA KU GABON

TAYEREKEZERANI kuti mukuona gombe limene muli njovu zikudya m’mphepete mwanyanja, mvuu zikusambira, komanso gulu la anamgumi amitundu yosiyanasiyana litasonkhana pamodzi. Zimenezitu sizachilendo kugombe lina la ku Africa kuno lomwe ndi lalitali makilomita 100.

N’zodziwikiratu kuti gombe lapadera limeneli n’lofunika kulisamalira bwino kuti m’tsogolo muno anthu adzapitirize kusangalala nalo. Motero n’zosangalatsa kuti zimenezi n’zimene zinachitika pa September 4, 2002, pamene mtsogoleri wa dziko la Gabon analengeza kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a dzikolo, kuphatikizapo magombe omwe sanakhudzidwepo ndi anthu, asungidwe kuti akhale malo osungirako zachilengedwe.

Malo oterewa omwe ndi okwana makilomita 30,000, ali ndi zinthu zambiri zochititsa chidwi. Mtsogoleri wa dzikoli, Omar Bongo Ondimba, anati: “Dziko la Gabon lingathe kusintha n’kukhala dziko lokopa anthu ambiri ofuna kuona zinthu zachilengedwe zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zomwe zatsala padziko pano.”

Kodi n’chiyani chikuchititsa kuti malo amenewa akhale ofunika kwambiri? Mbali yaikulu kwambiri ya dziko la Gabon idakali ndi nkhalango, ndipo zomera zina zopezeka m’nkhalangozi sizipezekanso m’dziko lina lililonse. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, m’nkhalango zake muli mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyani akuluakulu, njovu ndiponso zinyama zambiri zomwe zikutha modetsa nkhawa. Malo osungirako zachilengedwe omwe angokhazikitsidwa kumenewa athandiza kuti dziko la Gabon likhale patsogolo pantchito yoteteza ndi kusamalira zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za mu Africa muno.

Gombe la Loango N’losiyana ndi Magombe Ena

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Loango ndi amodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri kuonerako zachilengedwe ku Africa kuno. Malo amenewa ali ndi magombe ataliatali omwe sanakhudzidwepo ndi anthu ndipo ali ndi mathamanda amadzi opanda mchere. Komanso malowa ali ndi nkhalango zowirira kwambiri. Koma chinthu chapadera kwambiri kugombe la Loango ndi nyama zake, monga mvuu, njovu, njati, akambuku ndiponso anyani akuluakulu.

N’chifukwa chiyani nyama zimenezi zimakonda gombe la Loango? M’mphepete mwa gombe lamchenga la Loango muli msipu womwe mvuu ndi njati zimadya. Migwalangwa yomwe ili m’gombeli imabereka zipatso zambiri moti zimakopa njovu ngati mmene ana amakopekera ndi masiwiti. Koma koposa zonsezi, malowa ndi abata, chifukwa sikukhala anthu moti mumangoona mapazi a nyama.

Popeza kuti sikukhala anthu, mtundu wina wa akamba am’madzi umakonda kuikira mazira kugombeli. Kulinso mbalame zina zodya njuchi, zomwe zimakonda kuswanirana ku gombeli ndipo zimakumba maenje oti zizikhalamo m’mphepete mwenimweni mwa madzi. M’miyezi yachilimwe, mtundu wina wa anamgumi okhala ndi linunda amasonkhana ku gombe labata la Loango kuti aswane.

Gombe la Loango lili pakati pa nyanja yamchere ndi mathamanda awiri akuluakulu omwe m’mbali mwake muli mitengo ya mizu yoyangayanga. Ng’ona ndi mvuu zimakonda kukhala m’mathamanda amenewa, ndipo mulinso nsomba zambiri. Ziombankhanga ndiponso mphungu zimangoti balalabalala pakatikati pa mathamandawa kufunafuna chakudya, ndipo nkhwazi zanthenga zokongola kwambiri zimakonda kugwira nsomba chakufupi ndi kumtunda.  Njovu, zomwe zimasangalala ndi madzi, zimakonda kusambira kudutsa pakati pa mathamandawa n’kupita ku gombe n’cholinga chokadya zipatso zomwe zimakonda kwambiri.

M’nkhalango, anyani amakonda kusewera m’nthambi zakunsonga kwa mitengo, ndipo agulugufe amakonda kuuluka m’madera omwe mulibe mitengo yambiri momwe mumakhala mowala bwino. Masana, mileme imakhala ikugona m’mitengo ndipo usiku imakhala kalikiliki kudya zipatso. M’mphepete mwa nkhalangozi, mbalame zina zokongola kwambiri zamtundu wa choso zimakonda kumwa madzi m’maluwa a mitengo ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. M’pake kuti anthu amati ku Loango ndi “komwe munthu ungakaone bwino mmene dera lapakati pa Africa lilili.”

Nkhalango ya Lopé ndi Imodzi mwa Malo Amene Kwatsala Anyani Akuluakulu

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Lopé ali ndi nkhalango zikuluzikulu zomwe sizinakhudzidwepo ndi anthu. Komanso ali ndi malo ena achipululu ndipo kumpoto kwake kuli nkhalango zina zongokhala m’mphepete mwa mtsinje basi. Awa ndi malo abwino kwambiri kwa anthu okonda chilengedwe, makamaka okonda kuona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyani akuluakulu. Malo otetezedwa amenewa ndi aakulu makilomita 5,000, ndipo kuli anyani pakati pa 3,000 ndi 5,000 amumtundu wina wa anyani akuluakulu.

Augustin, yemwe ankagwira ntchito m’nkhalangoyi, anafotokoza nkhani yochititsa chidwi kwambiri imene inam’chitikira atakumana ndi anyaniwa mu 2002. Iye anati: “Ndikuyenda m’nkhalangoyi, ndinakumana ndi banja la anyani anayi akuluakulu. Nyani wamwamuna, yemwe anali ndi ubweya wotuwa pamsana anali wazaka pafupifupi 35 ndipo anabwera n’kudzandiimira pafupi. N’kutheka kuti anali wolemera kuwirikiza katatu kulemera kwanga. Potsatira zimene tinauzidwa kuti tizichita tikakumana nawo, ndinakhala pansi mwamsanga, n’kuzyolika pomusonyeza kugonja. Nyaniyo anabwera n’kudzakhala nane pafupi n’kundiika dzanja lake paphewa. Kenako anandigwira dzanja ndi kundifunyulula zala n’kuyang’anitsitsa chikhato changa. Atakhutira kuti sindichitira banja lake china chilichonse choipa, anandisiya n’kumapita. Apa ndinaona mmene zimasangalatsira kukumana ndi nyama zam’tchire m’thengo mwenimwenimo, ndipo sindidzaiwala tsiku limeneli. Ngakhale kuti anthu amapha anyani amenewa kuti adye kapena chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro cholakwika choti ndi oopsa, ndi nyama zokonda mtendere moti n’zofunika tiziziteteza.”

Ku Lopé mtundu winanso wa anyani akuluakulu, umasonkhana m’magulu akuluakulu ndipo nthawi zina amaposa 1,000. Padziko lonse lapansi, anyani sasonkhana ochuluka chonchi kawirikawiri, ndipo akasonkhana pamakhala chiphokoso choopsa. Mlendo wina wochokera m’dziko la Cameroon yemwe anakacheza ku Gabon, anafotokoza zimene zinachitika atakumana ndi gulu lotereli.

Iye anati: “Bambo amene ankatiyendetsa m’nkhalangoyi anadziwa kumene kunali anyaniwa. Chinam’thandiza kudziwa zimenezi ndi tizipangizo timene anaveka nyama zingapo. Tinawadulizira kutsogolo anyaniwo ndipo mwamsangamsanga tinakonza malo oti tibisalepo n’kumawadikira. Kwa mphindi 20 tinamvetsera mbalame ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tikulira mopolokezana m’nkhalangomo. Mwadzidzidzi, bata lonse linatha gulu la anyanilo litayandikira. Anali kukhadzula nthambi za mitengo ndiponso kulira mokweza kwambiri, moti phokoso lawo linkamveka ngati kukubwera chimphepo chamkuntho. Koma nditaona [atsogoleri awo], ankaoneka ngati asilikali a patsogolo. Anyani akuluakulu aamuna ndiwo ankatsogolera ndipo ankayenda pansi mofulumira kwambiri, pamene anyani aakazi ndiponso ana ankadumpha m’nthambi  za mitengo. Kenako nyani mmodzi woyenda pansi anaima mwadzidzidzi n’kuyamba kuyang’ana mbali zonse mosonyeza kuti chinachake sichili bwino. Nyani wina wamng’ono amene ankayenda m’nthambi za mitengo anationa n’kulira mochenjeza enawo. Anyani onsewo anayenda mofulumira, ndipo phokoso lija linakula kwambiri anyaniwo atayamba kulira mokalipa. Patangopita nthawi pang’ono anyani onse aja sanaonekenso. Bambo amene ankatiyendetsa ananena kuti anyaniwo analipo pafupifupi 400.”

Palinso mtundu wina wa anyani akuluakulu womwenso umachita phokoso lalikulu. Anyani amenewa amavuta kuwaona chifukwa amayenda mofulumira kwambiri posakasaka zakudya. Komabe, alendo okaona malowa salephera kuona mtundu wina wa apusi amene amakonda kukhala m’malire a nkhalango ndi zipululu. N’kutheka kuti pa nyama zonse za ku Lopé, nyama zimene zimakonda kukhala zokhazokha ndizo apusi enaake a michira yokongola kwambiri. Apusi amenewa amapezeka ku Gabon kokha basi ndipo anatulukiridwa zaka pafupifupi 20 zapitazi.

Mbalame zokongola kwambiri ndiponso zikuluzikulu, monga analikoma kapena kuti khope, zimakonda kuimba mwaphokoso kwambiri pofuna kudzionetsera. Komanso ku malowa anapezako mitundu 400 ya mbalame, motero anthu okonda kuona mbalame amakondako kwambiri.

Zamoyo ndi Zomera Zosiyanasiyana Zimasangalalako Kwambiri

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Loango ndi Lopé ali m’gulu la malo 13 oterewa m’dziko la Gabon. Malo enawo kuli nkhalango zamitengo ya mizu yoyangayanga, zomera zosapezeka m’mayiko ena ndiponso malo omwe mbalame zochita kubwera kuchokera kwina zimafikirako. Lee White, yemwe amagwira ntchito kubungwe lina loteteza zachilengedwe (Wildlife Conservation Society) anati: “Dziko la Gabon linaika padera malo omwe kuli zamoyo ndi zomera zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m’dziko lonse la Gabon. Chofunika kwambiri si kukula kwa malo otetezedwawo ayi, koma ayenera kukhala abwino kwambiri. M’nthawi yochepa, mu 2002 dziko la Gabon linakhazikitsa dongosolo labwino kwambiri loyendetsera ntchito za malo osungirako zachilengedwe, limene likuthandiza kusamalira zamoyo ndi zomera zonse m’dzikolo.”

Komabe padakali mavuto ambiri, mogwirizana ndi zimene mtsogoleri wa dzikoli, Bongo Ondimba ananena. Iye anati: “Ntchitoyi ndi yokhudza dziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo n’zosachita kufunsa kuti pakufunika kuti tikhale odzimana pa zinthu zina zapanopa ndiponso zam’tsogolo. Izi zidzatithandiza kukwaniritsa cholinga chathu choti tisunge malo ochititsa chidwi amenewa mpaka mibadwo yam’tsogolo.”

[Mapu patsamba 17]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

AFRICA

GABON

Malo 13 osungirako zachilengedwe ku Gabon

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Lopé

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Loango

[Chithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Namgumi wa linunda ndiponso mmene nkhalango ndi gombe la Loango limaonekera m’mwamba

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Whale: Wildlife Conservation Society

[Chithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Mitundu iwiri ya anyani akuluakulu

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Robert J. Ross