Kodi N’chiyambi cha Mavuto?

“Veu Lesa, ali ndi zaka 73 ndipo amakhala pa mudzi winawake ku Tuvalu. Iye sachita kufunikira asayansi kumuuza kuti nyanja ikukwera. Magombe a mchenga kumene iye ankasewera ali mwana akudzala madzi. Mbewu zimene banja lake lakhala likudalira zawonongeka ndi madzi amchere. Mu April [2007], iye anakakamizika kusiya nyumba yake chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi. Madziwo anabweretsa miyala ndi zinyalala pa nyumba pakepo.”—The New Zealand Herald.

ZILUMBA za Tuvalu ndi zotalika mamita anayi kuchokera pa nyanja. Kwa anthu a kumeneku, nkhani ya kutentha kwa dziko si nkhambakamwa chabe koma ndi “zochitika zenizeni,” inatero nyuzipepala ya Herald. * Anthu ambiri achoka kale pa zilumbazi ndipo enanso ambiri akukonzekera kuchoka.

Robert amakhala ku Brisbane, Australia, ndipo amathirira maluwa ake ndi chitini masiku ochepa pamlungu, pamene kale ankathirira ndi paipi. Akafuna kutsuka galimoto, amapita ku malo otsukira galimoto kumene madzi akuda amawayeretsa ndi kuwagwiritsanso ntchito. Apo ayi, iye amangotsuka mbali zochepa za galimoto lake monga magalasi oonera, mawindo ndi nambala puleti. N’chifukwa chiyani Robert amachita zimenezi? Iye amakhala m’dera limene kuli chilala chachikulu chimene sichinachitikepo m’zaka 100 zapitazi. M’madera ena ndiye pepani, zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri. Kodi mavuto a ku Australia ndi ku Tuvalu amenewa ndi umboni wakuti dziko likutentha?

Zimene Ena Akunena

Ambiri akukhulupirira kuti anthu ndiwo akuchititsa kuti dziko lizitentha, ndipo zimenezi zingasinthe kwambiri nyengo ndi kuwononga chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, madzi a m’nyanja zamchere angawonjezereke kwambiri chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa aisi kumtunda komanso chifukwa cha kutentha kwa madzi m’nyanjamo. Zilumba zotsika monga Tuvalu zingamire, chimodzimodzinso ndi mbali yaikulu ya Netherlands ndi Florida, kungotchulapo madera awiri okha. Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri angakakamizike kuchoka m’madera monga Shanghai, Calcutta ndi mbali zina za Bangladesh.

Ndiponso kutentha kukawonjezereka, mphepo zamkuntho, madzi osefukira komanso chilala, zingakhale zowononga kwambiri. Kutha kwa madzi oundana kumapiri a Himalaya, amene ndi gwero la mitsinje 7, kungachititse kuti 40 peresenti ya anthu padziko pano asowe madzi abwino. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama monga zimbalangondo zoyera, zimene mokulira zimasakasaka zakudya mu aisi, ili pangozi. Ndipotu, malipoti akusonyeza kuti zimbalangondo zambiri zikuwonda ndipo zina zikufa ndi njala.

Chinanso, kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kungafalitse matenda, popeza kumachititsa kuti udzudzu, nkhupakupa, ndi tizilombo tina tofalitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo nkhungu, zifalikire m’madera ambiri. Nyuzipepala ina inati: “Mavuto amene angabwere chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo ndi oopsa kwambiri mofanana ndi mavuto obwera ndi zida za nyukiliya. Poyambirira mavutowo sangaonekere kwambiri . . . , koma zaka 30 kapena 40 kutsogolo kwake, kusintha kwa nyengo kungawonongeretu malo amene anthu amadalira.” (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists) Mfundo inanso yodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi yakuti asayansi ena akukhulupirira kuti mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dziko akuchitika mofulumira kwambiri kuposa mmene ankayembekezera.

Kodi ifeyo tingakhulupirire zimene anthu akunenazi? Kodi moyo padziko lapansi ulidi pachiswe? Anthu amene amakayikira zakuti dzikoli likutentha amati zimene anthu akunenazi n’zopanda maziko. Enanso sakudziwa kuti angakhulupirire chiyani. Nanga kodi zoona zake ndi ziti? Kodi m’tsogolomu dzikoli ndiponso ifeyo, zinthu zitikhalira bwino?

[Mawu a M’munsi]