Kumene Mtsinje Umayenda Cham’mbuyo

YOLEMBEDWA KU CAMBODIA

KODI munaonapo mtsinje ukuyenda cham’mbuyo? Nanga bwanji za nkhalango imene imakhala pansi pa madzi kwa theka la chaka? Kodi mukudziwa kuti anthu ena amakhala m’nyumba zoyandama zomwe zimafunika kusunthidwa madzi akamaphwera? Mwina inuyo munganene kuti, “Sizingatheke zimenezo.” Ngati mukutero, mwina mungasinthe maganizo anu mutapita ku Cambodia m’nyengo yamvula.

Tsiku lililonse, kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa May mpaka mu October, kumacha bwinobwino koma kenako kumayamba kuchita mitambo yabii, ndipo masana kumagwa chimvula chadzaoneni. Zikatero, nthaka yomwe inali youma ndi yafumbi pamadutsa madzi amkokomo, ndipo mitsinje imasefukira.

N’chifukwa Chiyani Umayenda Cham’mbuyo?

Tayang’anani pamapuwo, ndipo muona kuti pali malo amene mtsinje waukulu wa Mekong umakumana ndi mtsinje wa Tonle Sap. Mitsinjeyo imakumana kukhala mtsinje umodzi ndipo kenako umagawikana n’kupanganso mitsinje iwiri, mtsinje wa Bassac komanso wina umene anthu amati ndiwo Mekong weniweni. Mitsinjeyo imapitiriza kuyenda molowera kum’mwera kudzera m’dziko la Vietnam, ndipo imagawikana n’kupanga Matsiriro a Mekong, lomwe ndi dera lalikulu.

Mvula ikangoyamba, dera la kumatsiriro kwa mitsinjeyo limasefukira. Madzi osefukirawo amadzaza makhwawa olumikizana ndi mitsinjeyo. Nyengo yamvula ikapitiriza, mtsinje wa Tonle Sap umafufuma ndipo umayamba kuyenda molowera kumpoto m’malo molowera kum’mwera. Choncho mtsinje wosefukirawu umayenda cham’mbuyo mpaka kukathira mu nyanja ya Tonle Sap.

Nyanja imeneyi ili m’chigwa chimene chili pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 100 kuchokera ku Phnom Penh, likulu la Cambodia. M’nyengo yadzuwa, nyanja imeneyi imafika makilomita pafupifupi 3,000 kukula kwake. Koma m’nyengo yamvula, madzi amawonjezereka kuwirikiza kanayi kapena kasanu. Nthawi imeneyi, nyanjayi imakhala nyanja yaikulu kwambiri mwa nyanja zonse zomwe si zamchere ku Southeast Asia.

Madera omwe kale munali minda ya mpunga, misewu, mitengo ndiponso midzi, amakhala madzi okhaokha. Asodzi amene ankapalasa mabwato awo m’madzi akuya mita imodzi, tsopano amapalasa pamwamba pa mitengo m’madzi akuya mamita 10. Madera ena, madzi osefukira ngati amenewa amaonedwa ngati tsoka. Koma anthu a ku Cambodia amaona kuti madzi osefukirawo ndi dalitso. N’chifukwa chiyani?

Kusefukira kwa Madzi Kumakhala Dalitso

Mtsinje wa Tonle Sap ukamayenda cham’mbuyo, umabweretsa dothi lachonde m’chigwa cha Tonle Sap. Ndiponso, nsomba zambirimbiri zimapita m’nyanjayi kuchokera mu mtsinje wa Mekong ndipo zimaswana m’malo okhala ndi chakudya chambiri amenewa. Nyanja ya Tonle Sap ndi imodzi mwa nyanja zimene kuli nsomba zambiri padziko lonse zokhala m’nyanja zomwe si zamchere. Nyengo yamvula ikatha, nyanjayo imaphwera mofulumira kwambiri mwakuti asodzi amatha kutola nsomba m’mitengo zomwe zasowa kopita.

Kusefukira kwa madzi kwa pachaka kumeneku kumasintha chilengedwe. Mitengo ndiponso zomera zina m’dera losefukira madzili, imakhala ndi kakulidwe kakekake kosiyana ndi ka zomera za m’madera ouma. Malinga ndi chilengedwe chake, mitengo ya m’madera otentha imakula pang’onopang’ono, ndipo imayoyola masamba ake m’nyengo yadzuwa kenako imaphukira m’nyengo yamvula. Koma mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mitengo ya m’dera la Tonle Sap siiyoyola masamba mpaka pamene yamira m’madzi osefukira. Ndipo mitengoyi imakula pang’onopang’ono m’nyengo yamvula m’malo mokula mofulumira. Madziwo akaphwera ndipo nyengo yadzuwa n’kuyamba, nthambi zimaphukira ndipo masamba amakula mofulumira. Nyanjayo ikaphwera, nthaka imakhala ndi masamba oyoyoka m’mitengo amene akamavunda, amapereka chakudya ku mitengoyo ndi zomera zina m’nyengo yadzuwa.

 Nyumba Zam’mwamba Ndiponso Matandala Oyandama

Bwanji za anthu akumeneko? Anthu ena akunyanjaku amamanga nyumba zawo pamitengo yozika pansi. M’nyengo yadzuwa, nyumba zimenezi zimakhala m’mwamba, mamita 6 kuchoka pansi. Koma madzi akasefukira kwambiri, mabwato ophera nsomba ndiponso zitini zikuluzikulu zimene nthawi zina amanyamulira ana, zimakocheza pakhomo penipeni.

Anthu ena amakhala m’nyumba zooneka ngati mabwato, chifukwa amamanga nyumba zawozo pamatandala oyandama. Banja likakula, amawonjezera thandala lina ndipo nyumba imakula. M’nyanjayi muli midzi yoyandama pafupifupi 170.

Masana, ana ndi achikulire omwe amakhala yakaliyakali m’madzi kupha nsomba ndi miyono ndiponso maukonde. Madzi akamachuluka kapena kuphwera, nyumbazo kapena midzi yonseyo amaisuntha makilomita ambiri kuti anthuwo ayandikire m’mphepete mwa nyanja kapena madera omwe muli nsomba zambiri.

Mabwato aatali amakhala magolosale kapena misika yoyandama kumene anthu amakagula zofunikira, ndipo nthawi zina mabwatowa amakhala mabasi. Ana a sukulu amapita ku sukulu zoyandama. Chilichonse, kuyambira zomera mpaka anthu, chimatsatira kayendedwe ka madzi m’dera limene mtsinje umayenda cham’mbuyo.

[Mapu patsamba 23]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Nthawi yadzuwa

Nthawi yamvula

CAMBODIA

Nyanja ya Tonle Sap

Mtsinje wa Tonle Sap

Mtsinje wa Mekong

PHNOM PENH

Mtsinje wa Bassac

Matsiriro a Mekong

VIETNAM

[Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Kamnyamata kakupalasa bwato mu mtsinje wa Tonle Sap

[Zithunzi patsamba 23]

Zithunzi za mudzi umodzi, m’nthawi yadzuwa ndi yamvula

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Map: Based on NASA/Visible Earth imagery; village photos: FAO/Gordon Sharpless