Kuunika M’thupi M’malo Mopanga Opaleshoni

CHIFUKWA cha kupita patsogolo kwa za sayansi, makompyuta ndiponso masamu, achipatala ayamba kumangounika m’thupi m’malo mopanga opaleshoni pofuna kupeza matenda osiyanasiyana. Kwa zaka zoposa 100, madokotala akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira yojambula chithunzi (X-ray) pofuna kuunika m’thupi. Koma masiku ano apezanso njira zina. Njirazi ndi monga kuunika m’thupi pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, mankhwala ounikira, maginito ndiponso kachitsulo kenakake kounikira. Kodi njira zimenezi zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Kodi zili ndi mavuto otani? Nanga kodi ubwino wake ndi wotani?

Yojambula Chithunzi (X-ray)

Kodi imagwira ntchito bwanji? Àmajambula chithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi owala kwambiri. Magetsiwa amapangitsa kuti pojambula mbali ina ya thupi, mwachitsanzo imene pali mafupa, izioneka yowala kwambiri pachithunzi. Minofu imaoneka yotuwa. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi pounika mano, mafupa, mawere, ndiponso m’chifuwa. Dokotala amathanso kumubaya munthu mankhwala enaake okhala ndi mtundu, kuti aone mosavuta mbali imene akufuna kuunikayo. Masiku ano, zithunzi zimenezi amajambulira pa kompyuta.

Mavuto ake: Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri ngakhale kuti ikhoza kuwononga maselo m’thupi, koma zimenezi sizichitikachitika. * Ngati mzimayi ali woyembekezera ayenera kudziwitsa dokotala zimenezi asanajambulitse. Komanso ena amadana ndi mankhwala monga ayodini amene amabaya anthu asanawajambule. Choncho, uzani adokotala ngati simugwirizana ndi mankhwala ngati amenewa kapena nsomba zimene zili ndi ayodini.

Ubwino wake: Sitenga nthawi pojambula ndipo munthu samva kupweteka. Komanso sifuna ndalama zambiri ndipo sivuta. Ndipo ndi yabwino kwambiri makamaka popima mawere ndiponso anthu amene achita ngozi. Kuwala kumeneku sikubweretsa vuto lililonse m’thupi la munthu. *

Yogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta

 Kodi imagwira ntchito bwanji? Njira younika m’thupi pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa imene tafotokoza ija. Wodwala amamulowetsa m’makina enaake atakhala chogona. Ndiyeno amamujambula pomuunika m’thupi lonse. Njira imeneyi imajambula munthu yense koma zithunzi zake zimakhala zoduladula. Ndiyeno kompyuta imasonkhanitsa zithunzizo pamodzi. Izi zimathandiza adokotala kuona bwinobwino zinthu zonse za m’thupi la munthu ngati kuti aliduladula. Koma makina atsopano a mtundu umenewu sajambula moduladula, motero sachedwa kujambula. Chifukwa chakuti njira imeneyi imaonetsa zambiri, nthawi zambiri amaigwiritsa ntchito akafuna kuunika m’chifuwa, m’mimba ndiponso mafupa. Amaigwiritsanso ntchito popima khansa ndi matenda ena.

Mavuto ake: Nthawi zambiri njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi amphamvu kwambiri kuposa njira yoyamba ija, ndipo zimenezi zingayambitse khansa. Choncho mukamaganizira ubwino wa njirayi muziganiziranso zimenezi. Odwala ena sagwirizana ndi mankhwala amene madokotala amabaya munthu asanam’jambule, amene nthawi zambiri ndi ayodini; ndipo mankhwala amenewa ena angawawononge impso. Ngati azimayi oyamwitsa abayidwa mankhwala amenewa, azidikira kaye tsiku limodzi kapena angapo asanayambenso kuyamwitsa mwana.

Ubwino wake: Njira imeneyi si yopweteka komanso zithunzi zake zimaoneka bwino zedi. Imachitika mwachangu, si yovuta, komanso imathandiza kuona malo amene munthu wavulala m’kati, moti madokotala amatha kumupulumutsa. Munthu angagwiritse ntchito njirayi ngakhale ngati kuchipatala anamuika tizitsulo kapena tizipangizo tina m’thupi lake.

Yogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Ounikira

Kodi imagwira ntchito bwanji? Munthu amamubaya mankhwala enaake amene amawasakaniza ndi shuga. Amachita zimenezi chifukwa maselo a khansa amakonda shuga wambiri. Motero, m’minofu imene muli matenda mumaoneka shuga wambiri.

Ngakhale kuti kuunika m’thupi pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndiponso maginito kumathandiza kuona bwinobwino chiwalo kapena mbali inayake yathupi, njira yobaya odwala mankhwala ounikira imasonyeza momwe chiwalocho chikugwirira ntchito, motero madokotala amaona mwamsanga ngati chili ndi vuto. Madokotala angathe kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi pamodzi ndi njira yogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta n’cholinga chakuti aone mbali zambiri. Komabe nthawi zina njira imeneyi ingasonyeze zinthu zabodza. Zimenezi zingachitike ngati wodwalayo anadya atatsala pang’ono kujambulidwa kapena ngati ali ndi shuga wambiri m’thupi, mwina chifukwa cha matenda a shuga. M’pofunika kuchita zinthu mwachangu chifukwa mankhwala amene amabaya odwala asanapimidwe sakhalitsa m’thupi.

Mavuto ake: Ngakhale kuti mphamvu ya magetsi imakhala yochepa chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawo sakhala ambiri ndiponso sakhalitsa m’thupi, mphamvu imeneyi ndi yokwanira kuvulaza mwana amene sanabadwe. Choncho, ngati mzimayi ali woyembekezera ayenera kudziwitsa  adokotala ndiponso anthu amene akamujambulewo. Ndipo atsikana amsinkhu wobereka angauzidwe kuti ayezetse magazi kapena mkodzo kuti aone ngati ali ndi mimba. Ngati munthu akumuyeza pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi pamodzi ndi njira younika m’thupi ndi makompyuta, ndi bwino kuganizira mavuto a njira zonse ziwirizi.

Ubwino wake: Popeza kuti njira imeneyi simangosonyeza mmene chiwalo chikuonekera koma imasonyezanso momwe chikugwirira ntchito, madokotala angadziwe mwamsanga mavuto a m’minofu omwe sangaoneke ataunika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya makompyuta kapena ya maginito.

Yogwiritsa Ntchito Maginito

Kodi imagwira ntchito bwanji? Amajambula chithunzi chooneka bwinobwino cha mbali iliyonse ya thupi pogwiritsa ntchito maginito ndi makompyuta. Zimenezi zimathandiza madokotala kuunika bwinobwino mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi la munthu ndiponso kuona matenda amene sangaoneke pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina zija. Mwachitsanzo, njira imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zochepa zounikira mkati mwa mafupa, n’chifukwa chake ili yabwino kwambiri pounika ubongo ndi minofu ina yofewa.

Panthawi yonse imene akumujambula, wodwalayo sayenera kutakataka ngakhale pang’ono. Anthu ena amachita mantha kwambiri chifukwa chakuti akamawajambula amawalowetsa m’makina. Koma masiku ano pali makina ojambulira anthu popanda kuwalowetsa m’makina. Achita izi chifukwa cha anthu amantha ndiponso anthu onenepa kwambiri. Ndipo popita kokajambulidwa, munthu sayenera kutenga chinthu chilichonse cha chitsulo monga wotchi, mapini atsitsi, zovala zimene zili ndi mazipi achitsulo kapena cholembera.

Mavuto ake: Ngati agwiritsira ntchito mankhwala pofuna kuti minofu imene akuiunikayo izioneka bwino, anthu ena sangagwirizane nawo mankhwalawo. Komabe, mankhwalawa ndi abwinoko powayerekeza ndi ayodini, amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula chithunzi ndi makompyuta. Koma njira ya maginitoyi ilibe vuto lalikulu. Ngakhale ndi choncho, anthu amene ali ndi chitsulo m’thupi chifukwa chakuti anaikidwa ku chipatala kapena chifukwa chakuti anachita ngozi, sangawajambule mwa njira imeneyi. Motero, ngati akufuna kukupimani pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, ndi bwino kudziwitsa dokotala ndiponso  wokujambulaniyo ngati muli ndi zitsulo zinazake m’thupi.

Ubwino wake: Njira imeneyi siigwiritsa ntchito magetsi amphamvu kwambiri amene angawononge thupi la munthu. Ndipo ndi yabwino pofufuza matenda a m’minofu makamaka imene yatchingidwa ndi fupa.

Yoyendetsa Kachitsulo Kounikira

Kodi imagwira ntchito bwanji? Amajambula malo amene akufuna kuwaunika poyendetsapo kachitsulo. Kachitsuloko kamapanga phokoso limene munthu sangamve. Ndipo phokosolo limasinthasintha malinga ndi malo amene akukayendetsapo. Ndiyeno kompyuta imajambula chithunzi cha malowo pogwiritsa ntchito mamvekedwe a phokosolo. Akamajambula zinthu zamkati mwenimweni mwa thupi phokosoli limamveka mosiyana ndi mmene limamvekera akamajambula ziwalo monga maso ndi khungu. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi matenda a khansa ya pakhungu.

Nthawi zambiri kachitsulo kamene amajambulirako kamakhala kam’manja. Asanajambule chithunzi, amayamba apaka mafuta pamalo amene akufuna kuunika, mwachitsanzo pamimba, n’kumayendetsapo kachitsuloko. Ndipo chithunzi cha ziwalo zomwe zili mkati mwake chimaoneka pa kompyuta nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zina amatenga kachitsulo kenakake kounikira n’kukalowetsa malo amene pali potseguka mwachibadwa.

Palinso kachipangizo kena kamene amagwiritsa ntchito pofuna kuona kayendedwe ka zinthu monga magazi. Zimenezi zimathandiza kwambiri pounika ziwalo za m’thupi ndiponso zotupa zimene zimakhala ndi magazi ochuluka.

Njira imeneyi imathandizanso madokotala kupeza mavuto osiyanasiyana m’thupi ndiponso kuunika mozama matenda monga a mtima ndi mawere. Imathandizanso kudziwa mmene mwana alili m’mimba mwa amayi ake. Koma njira imeneyi sionetsa zithunzi zooneka bwino za malo ena a pamimba. Ndipo, zithunzi zimene amajambula mwa njira imeneyi sizioneka bwino kwambiri poyerekezera ndi zimene amajambula mwa njira zina monga X-ray.

Mavuto ake: Ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yabwino ngati yachitika moyenera, mphamvu ya magetsi imene amagwiritsa ntchito ingawononge minofu ya mwana wosabadwa. Choncho kwa amayi oyembekezera, njira imeneyi ingathe kuwabweretsera mavuto.

Ubwino wake: M’zipatala zambiri amatha kuchita zimenezi, ndipo ndi yotchipa komanso chithunzi chimaoneka nthawi yomweyo.

Luso la M’tsogolo

Panopo, cholinga chachikulu cha akatswiri asayansi ndi kuwonjezera luso la zipangizo zounikira matenda zimene zilipo masiku ano. Mwachitsanzo, pofuna kuti asamawononge ndalama, asayansi atulukira njira younikira m’thupi yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito yochepa kwambiri. Komanso asayansi apeza njira ina yojambulira zithunzi yowathandiza kudziwa vuto litangoyamba kumene. Njira imeneyi idzathandiza kwambiri kudziwa ndi kuchiza matenda asanakule.

Njira zounikira m’thupi zimenezi zachepetsa maopaleshoni opweteka, oika moyo pangozi ndiponso osafunikira amene amachitika n’cholinga chongofuna kupeza vuto. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti zimathandiza kudziwa vuto mofulumira, munthu amalandira thandizo mwamsanga. Komabe, makina ojambulirawa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo ena amatha kupitirira madola 1 miliyoni.

Komabe, kupewa matenda ndiko kofunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuwapeza komanso kuwachiza. Choncho, yesetsani kuti muzikhala wathanzi mwa kudya bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugona mokwanira ndiponso kupewa kumangodandauladandaula. Lemba la Miyambo 17:22 limati: “Mtima wosekerera uchiritsa bwino.”

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 13]

GANIZIRANI KUCHULUKA KWA MPHAMVU YA MAGETSI

  Tsiku lililonse pali mphamvu inayake yachilengedwe imene imalowa m’thupi lathu yofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi imene amagwiritsa ntchito pounika matenda. Mphamvu ya magetsi imeneyi ikachuluka, ingathe kubweretsa mavuto m’thupi la munthu. Zimene zili m’munsizi zikusonyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya magetsiyi, yomwe zipangizo zojambulira zimatulutsa ndipo zingakuthandizeni kusankha bwino njira imene mungakonde. Mphamvu imeneyi amaiyeza m’ma miliseveti (mSv).

Ulendo wa pandege wa maola asanu: 0.03 mSv

Mphamvu yotereyi yopezeka m’chilengedwe pa masiku 10 imakhala: 0.1 mSv

Kujambulitsa mano kamodzi: 0.04-0.15 mSv

Kujambulitsa m’chifuwa kamodzi: 0.1 mSv

Kujambulitsa mawere kamodzi: 0.7 mSv

Kujambulitsa m’chifuwa ndi makompyuta: 8.0 mSv

Ngati akufuna kukuunikani pogwiritsa ntchito njira inayake, musazengereze kufunsa adokotala kapena wokujambulani kuti akufotokozereni bwinobwino za kuopsa kwa njirayo komanso zinthu zina zimene mungafune kudziwa pankhaniyi.

[Chithunzi patsamba 11]

Cha X-ray

[Chithunzi patsamba 12]

Cha Kompyuta

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© Philips

[Chithunzi patsamba 12]

Cha Mankhwala

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Courtesy Alzheimer’s Disease Education and Referral Center, a service of the National Institute on Aging

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Cha Maginito

[Chithunzi patsamba 14]

Cha Kachitsulo Kounikira