Akapolo Oiwalidwa a ku South Pacific

YOLEMBEDWA KU FIJI

SITIMA ziwiri zikufika pa chilumba chinachake chakutali, m’nyanja ya Pacific. Poteropo pali gulu la anthu limene likuonerera zimenezi mosangalala. Zaka zambiri zapitazo munthu wina amene anapulumuka pa ngozi ya sitima anang’amba masamba a Baibulo lake n’kupatsa banja lililonse pachilumbachi masamba angapo. Anthu a kuno ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri ndipo anawerenga masambawo n’kumangodikirira nthawi imene kudzabwerenso munthu wina kuti adzawaphunzitse Mawu a Mulunguwa.

Ndiyeno anthu amene abwera ndi sitima ziwiri zija akulonjeza kuti awapititsa kwinakwake kuti akawaphunzitse za Mulungu. Amuna ndi akazi pafupifupi 250 akukhulupirira zimenezi n’kukwera sitimazo, ndipo ambiri akunyamula mosamala kwambiri masamba awo a Baibulo aja.

Komatu uku kunali kuwayenda pansi, chifukwa atangokwera m’sitimamo, anawaponya m’zipinda za pansi atawamanga, ndipo anayenda nawo ulendo wautali wokafika ku doko la Callao, ku South America. Ambiri anafera m’njira chifukwa choti m’sitimamo munalibe ukhondo. Ambirinso ankawagwirira. Komano onse amene anakafika amoyo paulendo wosabwerera umenewu, anawagulitsa kuti akhale akapolo m’minda ikuluikulu, m’migodi komanso m’nyumba za anthu.

Kuyamba kwa Malonda a Ukapolo ku South Pacific

Anthu okhala m’zilumba za ku South Pacific ankagwidwa ukapolo m’ma 1800 mpaka m’ma 1900. Chakumayambiriro kwa m’ma 1860, malonda amenewa anachititsa kuti anthu ambirimbiri a m’zilumba zimenezi atengedwe n’kupita nawo ku South America. Pazaka 10 zotsatira, anthu ambiri ogwidwa ukapolo m’zilumbazi anayamba kuwagulitsa ku Australia. M’chaka cha 1867, Ross Lewin, amene kale anali m’gulu la asilikali a nkhondo yapamadzi m’dziko la Australia, anauza alimi a nzimbe ndiponso a thonje kuti angathe kuwapezera “akapolo amphamvu komanso olimbikira kwambiri ntchito pa mtengo wozizira wa mapaundi 7 okha basi, kapolo aliyense.”

Boma la atsamunda a ku Britain linalephera kuthetsa malonda a ukapolowa. Chifukwa chimodzi chinali chakuti zinali zovuta kugwiritsira ntchito lamulo la ku Britain pa nzika za mayiko ena. Chinanso chinali chakuti lamulolo silinkanena mwatchutchutchu kuti ukapolo ndi chiyani. Motero, anthu ochita malonda a ukapolo akapita ku khoti ankanena kuti ngakhale kuti anthu a m’zilumbazi ankachita kuwanyengerera kenaka n’kuwagwira mokakamiza, kwenikweni iwo sanali akapolo koma anali antchito olipidwa omwe patsogolo pake adzaloledwa kubwerera kwawo. Ndipo ena anachita kufika ponena kuti ogwidwawo anali anthu otsalira kwambiri moti azingothokoza kuti tsopano ali pansi pa lamulo la ku Britain ndiponso kuti akuphunzitsidwa kugwira ntchito. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti malonda a ukapolo apitirire kwa kanthawi ndithu ku South Pacific.

 Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Anthu amtima wabwino anayamba kudandaula kuti boma lithetse malonda amenewa ndipo zinthu zinayambadi kusintha. Ngakhale kuti anthu ena m’zilumbazi ankalola kulembedwa ntchito, zogwira anthu mowakakamiza zija zinaletsedwa. Komanso boma linaletsa zomazunza antchitowa, mwina powakwapula, kuwadinda zizindikiro, kapena kuwagwiritsa ntchito mwankhanza kwambiri.

Zinthu zinasinthanso kwambiri pamene bishopu wina wa tchalitchi cha Angilikani, dzina lake J.C. Patteson, yemwe ankatsutsa kwambiri malondawa, anaphedwa ndi anthu a m’zilumbazi amene iyeyu ankawamenyera nkhondo. Chinachitika n’chakuti anthu ochita malonda a ukapolo aja anamuyenda pansi. Iwo anafika mwamsanga pachilumbapo ndi sitima imene anaikonza kuti izioneka ngati sitima ya bishopu uja. Kenaka anaitana anthu a pachilumbapo kuti akwere sitimayo powanamiza kuti bishopuyo akufuna kuonana nawo. Anthuwo atakwera sitimayo, anawaba. Ndiye bishopu Patteson atabwera ndi sitima yake, anthu otsala pachilumbapo, omwe anali atakwiya kwambiri, anamupha pobwezera. Koma sanadziwe kuti akupha munthu wosalakwa. Chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa bishopuyu, komanso chifukwa chakuti zimenezi zinakhumudwitsa anthu ambiri, sitima zankhondo za ku Britain ndi ku France zinaikidwa m’nyanja ya Pacific kuti ziletse malonda aukapolo.

Maboma a New South Wales ndi Queensland ku Australia anagwirizana ndi boma la atsamunda pankhani yolimbana ndi malonda aukapolo ndipo anaika malamulo osiyanasiyana oletsa kuzunza anthu ndiponso okhudza nkhani yolemba anthu ntchito mowakakamiza. Anaika anthu oyang’anira, ndipo akuluakulu aboma anaikidwa m’sitima zimene zinkanyamula anthu oti akalembedwe ntchito. Zimenezi zinathandiza kwambiri chifukwa ngakhale kuti panalibe malamulo omveka bwino oletsa malonda a ukapolo, akamberembere angapo anatsekeredwa m’ndende pa milandu ya kupha ndi kuba anthu. Zinthu zinasintha ku South Pacific kuyambira m’ma 1890. M’madera ambiri mchitidwe wogwira anthu ukapolo unali utasiyidwa ndipo pomafika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene ankagwidwa ukapolo.

Mu 1901, nyumba yamalamulo yatsopano ya ku Australia inakhala ndi mphamvu zoona anthu olowa ndi kutuluka m’dziko lonselo. Nyumbayi inakhazikitsa malamulo ogwirizana ndi zimene anthu ankafuna ndipo panthawiyo anthu sankafuna alendo odzagwira ntchito m’dzikomo, chifukwa ankaona kuti alendowo angathe kuwalanda ntchito zawo. Motero, anthu a m’zilumba za ku South Pacific sankafunidwanso m’dzikoli, kaya akhale odzafuna ntchito kapena ogwidwa ukapolo. Ambiri anawathamangitsa kuti apite kwawo, ndipo zimenezi zinabweretsanso mavuto adzaoneni, chifukwa ena anali atakhazikika kumeneku motero anasiyako abale awo kapena anzawo.

Kukumbukira Akapolo Oiwalidwa

Mu September 2000, boma la Queensland linalemba mawu pa malo oti aliyense angathe kuwerenga. Mawu ake ndi oyamikira ntchito imene anthu a m’zilumba za ku South Pacific anachita potukula boma la Queensland pankhani ya zachuma ndi chikhalidwe. Palinso mawu owapepesa chifukwa cha nkhanza zimene anachitiridwa.

Kuyambira kale, anthu ambiri akhala akudyera anzawo masuku pamutu mwina powalanda ufulu kapena kuwapha kumene. Koma Baibulo limalonjeza kuti muulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Mulungu, sipadzakhalanso kusowa chilungamo kotereku. Anthu onse amene adzakhale padziko lapansi m’boma lakumwamba limeneli “adzakhala munthu yense patsinde pa mpesa wake, ndi patsinde pa mkuyu wake; ndipo sipadzakhala wakuwawopsa.”—Mika 4:4.

[Chithunzi/Mapu patsamba 25]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Akapolo ankadutsa mmenemu popita ku Australia ndi ku South America

PACIFIC OCEAN

MICRONESIA

MARSHALL ISLANDS

New Guinea

SOLOMON ISLANDS

TUVALU

AUSTRALIA KIRIBATI

QUEENSLAND VANUATU

NEW SOUTH WALES NEW CALEDONIA SOUTH AMERICA

Sydney ← FIJI → Callao

SAMOA

TONGA

COOK ISLANDS

FRENCH POLYNESIA

Easter Island

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 24]

National Library of Australia, nla.pic-an11279871