Njovu Zikuluzikulu Zinkapezeka Paliponse ku Ulaya

YOLEMBEDWA KU ITALY

Mu 1932, gulu la anthu okonza msewu linkagwira ntchito pafupi ndi chinyumba chachikulu chochitiramo masewera ku Rome. Ndipo mmodzi wa anthuwo anafukula zinthu zolimba ngati mwala. Atafufuza anapeza kuti zinthuzo zinali mnyanga komanso chigaza cha njovu. Kameneka si koyamba kupeza zinthu zoterezi. Kuyambira m’zaka za ma 1600, ku Rome kwapezeka mafupa ambiri a njovu m’madera okwana pafupifupi 140.

Anthu ankaganiza kuti mafupawo anali a njovu zimene boma lakale la Rome linaitanitsa kuchokera kumayiko ena kapena zimene zinabwera ku Italy ndi mkulu wa nkhondo wa ku Carthage, dzina lake Hannibal. Koma wansembe wina wa m’zaka za m’ma 1800, yemwenso anali pulofesa wa zinthu zachilengedwe ku  Viterbo, Italy, dzina lake G. B. Pianciani, anatsutsa zimenezi. Iye ananena kuti popeza kuti mafupawa nthawi zambiri ankapezeka m’zinthu zoti zinachita kukokoloka ndi madzi, njovuzo ziyenera kuti zinafera kwinakwake osati ku Rome.

Mafupa ambiri a njovu amene anapezeka ku Italy, amasonyeza kuti njovu zake zinali zosiyana ndi zimene zimapezeka masiku ano. Njovu zakale zimenezo zinatha. (Onani tsamba 15.) Njovuzi zinkakula kufika mamita asanu pomwe zamasiku ano zimangofika mamita awiri. Komanso zinkakhala ndi minyanga yoongoka.

Kodi njovu zimenezi zinkapezeka kuti ndi kuti? Zimene akatswiri a zinthu zakale apeza zimasonyeza kuti njovuzi zinkapezeka m’malo ambiri ku Ulaya ndi ku England, komwenso kunkapezeka nyama zinanso zikuluzikulu zotchedwa mammoth. Nthawi zambiri, mafupa a njovu zakalezi sapezeka paokha. Amakonda kupezeka pamodzi ndi mafupa a nyama zina zimene zinali zosatheka kuti zikhale pamodzi ndi njovuzo.

Kunkapezekanso Nyama Zina

Mafupa amene anapezeka m’chigawo chapakati ku Italy chotchedwa Lazio, chomwe chimaphatikizapo dera la Rome, amasonyeza kuti derali poyamba linali ndi nyengo yofanana ndi ya ku Africa, chifukwa poyamba kunkapezeka mvuwu, agwape, ndiponso mikango ndi akambuku. Ndipotu mafupa a kambuku wina, yemwe ambiri amati ndi wa ku Monte Sacro, anapezeka mumzinda wa Rome. M’mudzi  wina wotchedwa Polledrara, anapeza mafupa oposa 9,000 a nyama zosiyanasiyana monga njovu zakale, njati, agwape, anyani, zipembere, ndi nyama zina zofanana ndi njati zomwe zinatha pafupifupi zaka 400 zapitazo. Masiku ano anthu amakaona mafupawa pamalo omwewa, chifukwa anamangapo malo osungirako zinthu zakale.—Onani tsamba 16.

Phanga lina pafupi ndi ku Palermo, ku Sicily, linali ndi mafupa ambiri a nyama zosiyanasiyana monga ng’ombe zam’tchire, njovu, mvuwu za misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhalenso mafupa a tiana ta mvuwu tosabadwa. M’miyezi 6 yoyambirira malowa atangopezedwa, matani 20 a mafupa anagulitsidwa.

Katswiri wina wa zinthu zakale, dzina lake Manson Valentine, anafukula mafupa ambiri othyokathyoka a nyama za mtundu umodzi, komanso a afisi ndi zimbalangondo. Mafupawa anawapeza chakum’mwera kwa dziko la England. Kodi n’chiyani chinachititsa kuti m’malo osiyanasiyana, mupezeke mafupa ambiri chonchi?

Asayansi ena amaganiza kuti nyamazi zinafa kutachitika masoka achilengedwe. Kaya zimenezi n’zoona kapena ayi, mafupa a nyamazi anapezeka m’malo ambirimbiri ku Ulaya, ku Siberia, ndiponso ku Alaska.

Mafupawa atithandiza kwambiri kuti tidziwe zinthu zakale, zomwe sitikanatha kuzidziwa. Mwachitsanzo, n’zochititsa chidwi kuti nyama zimene zinkapezeka kale ku Italy, n’zofanana kwambiri ndi nyama zimene zikupezeka ku Africa masiku ano.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 17]

KUMPOTO KWA DZIKO LAPANSI KUNKAPEZEKA NYAMA ZINA ZAZIKULU KUPOSA NJOVU

Mafupa amene anafukulidwa amasonyeza kuti m’madera ambiri a ku Asia, Ulaya, ndi North America kunkapezeka nyama zina zaubweya wambiri zooneka ngati njovu koma zazikulu kwambiri. Ku Ulaya, dziko la Italy ndi limene akuti linali ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyamazi ku Ulaya.

Nyama zimenezi zinali zazikulu ngati njovu zomwe zimapezeka ku Asia masiku ano. Ndiponso zinkakhala ndi ubweya womwe umatha kukula mpaka kufika masentimita 50. Nyama zamphongo zinkakhala ndi minyanga yaitali mpaka mamita 5 komanso inkakhala yokhota. Minyanga yambiri ya nyama zimenezi inkapezeka kwambiri ku Siberia, moti inkatumizidwa ku China ndi ku Ulaya m’zaka za m’ma 500 C.E mpaka m’ma 1500 C.E.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Photo courtesy of the Royal BC Museum

[Chithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Mafupa amene anapezeka pafupi ndi mudzi wa Polledrara

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Top: Museo di Paleontologia dell’Università degli Studi “La Sapienza” di Roma; bottom: © Comune di Roma - Sovraintendenza Beni Culturali (SBCAS; fald. 90, fasc. 4, n. inv. 19249)