Kodi Achinyamata Amakumana ndi Mavuto Otani?

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti achinyamata a masiku ano alibe mavuto ambiri kuposa achinyamata akale. Kodi inuyo mukuganiza kuti achinyamata a masiku ano akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri kuposa amene achinyamata ankakumana nawo kale?

M’mayiko ambiri kupita patsogolo kwa ntchito zachipatala kwachititsa kuti achinyamata azikhala ndi moyo wautali ndiponso wathanzi. Kupita patsogolo kwa ntchito za sayansi kwachititsanso kuti achinyamata akhale ndi zinthu zamakono zimene kalelo kunalibe. Komanso kuyenda bwino kwa chuma kwachititsa kuti mabanja ambiri masiku ano achoke mu umphawi. Ndipo makolo ambiri amagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti ana awo asavutike komanso asalephere kuphunzira sukulu monga mmene zinalili ndi iwowo.

Kunena zoona, masiku ano achinyamata ali ndi zinthu zambiri zimene angasangalale nazo, koma akukumananso ndi mavuto osayembekezereka. Chinthu chimodzi chimene chikuchititsa mavutowa ndi chakuti tikukhala m’nthawi imene Baibulo limati ndi “mapeto a dongosolo lino la zinthu.” (Mateyo 24:3) Yesu Khristu ananena kuti m’nthawi yathu ino kudzakhala mavuto aakulu ndipo zikuchitikadi. (Mateyo 24:7, 8) Baibulo limanenanso kuti nthawi yathu ino ndi “masiku otsiriza” ndipo limafotokoza kuti imeneyi ndi “nthawi yovuta.” (2 Timoteyo 3:1) Taonani ena mwa mavuto amene achinyamata akukumana nawo masiku ano.

Vuto Loyamba

Kukhala Okhaokha

Mafilimu, ma TV ndi magazini amakonda kusonyeza achinyamata ali ndi anzawo kuyambira ali ana mpaka kukula. Koma zimenezi n’zosiyana ndi zimene zimachitikadi.

Akatswiri ofufuza, Barbara Schneider ndi David Stevenson, ataunika zotsatira za kafukufuku amene anachitika ku United States, anapeza kuti “ndi achinyamata ochepa kwambiri amene amapitiriza kukhala ndi anzawo omwewo kwa nthawi yaitali.” Akatswiriwa ananena kuti achinyamata ambiri “amasowa anzawo  apamtima amene angamawauze mavuto awo ndi zinthu zina zakukhosi kwawo.”

Ngakhale achinyamata amene ali ndi anzawo, sakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yocheza nawo. Kafukufuku wina ku United States anasonyeza kuti achinyamata ambiri amathera maola 10 pa 100 aliwonse akucheza ndi anzawo, ndipo amathera maola 20 pa 100 aliwonse ali okhaokha. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti nthawi imene amakhala okhaokha imakhala yochuluka kwambiri kuposa imene amakhala ndi anzawo kapena achibale awo. Nthawi zambiri amadya okha, kuyenda okha ndiponso kusewera okha.

Vutoli likuwonjezereka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamakono. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2006 magazini ya Time inanena kuti achinyamata ambiri ku America a zaka zapakati pa 8 ndi 18 amathera maola 6 ndi theka tsiku lililonse akuonera TV, akumvetsera nyimbo kapena kuchita masewera a pakompyuta. *

Sikuti achinyamata ayamba lero kumvetsera nyimbo kapena kusewera. (Mateyo 11:16, 17) Koma masiku ano achinyamatawa amathera nthawi yochuluka kwambiri akugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamakono, m’malo mocheza ndi achibale awo, ndipo zimenezi zikuwawononga. Schneider ndi Stevenson anati: “Achinyamata ambiri sakumadzidalira pochita zinthu, sakumakhala osangalala, ndipo sakumachita zinthu mochangamuka akakhala okha.”

Vuto Lachiwiri

Kukakamizidwa Kuchita Zachiwerewere

Achinyamata ambiri, ngakhale amene sanafike zaka 13, amakakamizidwa kuchita zachiwerewere. Wachinyamata wina wa ku Australia dzina lake Nathan anati: “Anzanga ambiri amene ndinkaphunzira nawo sukulu anayamba kuchita zachiwerewere ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 12 ndi 15.” Mtsikana wina wa ku Mexico dzina lake Vinbay ananenanso kuti anyamata ndi atsikana ambiri kusukulu kwawo ankagonana mwachisawawa. Iye anati: “Achinyamata amene sankachita zachiwerewere ankaonedwa kuti ndi otsalira.” Mtsikana winanso wazaka 15 wa ku Brazil anati: “Achinyamata anzanga amakonda kugonana mwachisawawa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakukakamiza kuti uzichita nawo zimenezi. Moti tsiku lililonse umakhala ndi chintchito chokana zimenezi.”

 Akatswiri ofufuza atafunsa mafunso achinyamata 1,000 osiyanasiyana a zaka zapakati pa 12 ndi 19 ku United Kingdom anapeza kuti achinyamata pafupifupi 500 ankachita zachiwerewere nthawi zambiri. Achinyamata 100 pa achinyamata amenewa anali a zaka 12 zokha. Dr. Dylan Griffiths yemwe ankatsogolera pa kafukufuku ameneyu anati: “Mabanja, mipingo komanso mabungwe asiya kulangiza achinyamatawa, choncho achinyamata ochuluka akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri.”

Kodi ndi mavuto otani amene achinyamatawa akukumana nawo? Lipoti limene akatswiri ena, maina awo Rector, Noyes ndi Johnson, anatulutsa mu chaka cha 2003 linasonyeza kuti achinyamata amene amachita zachiwerewere amadzadwala matenda ovutika maganizo ndipo nthawi zambiri amafuna kudzipha. Iwo atafunsa achinyamata 6,500 anapeza kuti “pachiwerengero cha atsikana amene amakhala ndi nkhawa, atsikana omwe anachitapo zachiwerewere amakhala ochuluka kuwirikiza katatu chiwerengero cha atsikana amene sanachitepo zachiwerewere.” Ndipo “pachiwerengero cha anyamata amene amakhala ndi nkhawa, anyamata omwe anachitapo zachiwerewere amakhala ochuluka kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengero cha anyamata amene sanachitepo zachiwerewere.”

Vuto Lachitatu

Mavuto a M’banja

Mabanja ambiri ku United States akusintha ndiponso makhalidwe abwino akutha, ndipo zimenezi zikukhudza achinyamata. Buku lina linati: “Zaka zapitazi zinthu zasintha kwambiri ndipo zimenezi zakhudza achinyamata. Mwachitsanzo, mabanja ambiri a ku America akukhala ndi ana ochepa, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti anawo azisowa osewera nawo. Mabanja ambiri akutha ndipo zimenezi zikuchititsa kuti ana ambiri azileredwa ndi kholo limodzi. Ndiponso amayi ambiri amene ana awo sanakwanitse zaka 18 amapita kuntchito kusiya ana ali  okhaokha panyumba.”—The Ambitious Generation—America’s Teenagers, Motivated but Directionless.

Kaya akukhala ndi makolo onse awiri kapena ayi, ana ambiri amaona kuti makolo awo amawasiya okha panthawi imene iwowo amawafuna kwambiri. Akatswiri ena anachita kafukufuku pa ana 7,000 kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo anapeza kuti ambiri mwa anawa ankaona kuti makolo awo amawakonda ndiponso si ovuta. Ngakhale zinali choncho “mwana mmodzi yekha pa ana atatu aliwonse ananena kuti makolo awo amawasamalira komanso kuwathandiza akakumana ndi mavuto. Ana ambiri amakumana ndi mavuto panthawi imene makolo awo sangawathandize.”

Kale ku Japan mabanja anali olimba, koma masiku ano mabanja akusokonekera chifukwa chofuna kulemera. M’chaka cha 2000, Pulofesa Yuko Kawanishi anati: “Makolo a achinyamata ambiri a masiku ano anabadwa patangopita zaka zingapo nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itatha. Nthawi imeneyi anthu ankalimbikitsidwa kugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti atukuke.” Kodi makolo otere aphunzitsa ana awo chiyani? Pulofesa Kawanishi anati: “Makolowa amangolimbikitsa ana awo kuphunzira basi ndipo amaona kuti ana awo akangophunzira pakwana ndipo zinthu zina zonse zilibe phindu.”

Kodi kumangolimbikitsa ana kuphunzira kuti adzakhale pabwino kumakhudza bwanji anawo? Ana ambiri sasangalala ndipo amayamba kuchita zinthu zosayenera makolo awo akamawapanikiza ndi sukulu. Kawanishi anati: “Ana akamachita zosokonekera nthawi zambiri chimakhala chifukwa chakuti atopa ndi zochita za makolo awo.”

Baibulo Lingathandize

Panopa tikukhala mu “nthawi yovuta.” (2 Timoteyo 3:1) Komabe, sikuti Baibulo limangofotokoza kuti anthu m’masiku otsiriza adzakumana ndi mavuto ambiri.

Baibulo limaperekanso malangizo amene angathandize kwambiri achinyamata kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Yehova Mulungu, yemwe analemba Baibulo, amafunitsitsa kuphunzitsa achinyamata zimene angachite kuti athane ndi mavuto awo. (Miyambo 2:1-6) Iye amafuna kuti achinyamata azisangalala. Mawu ake ‘amachenjeza achibwana, kuphunzitsa mnyamata kudziwa ndi kulingalira.’ (Miyambo 1:4) Mungachite bwino kuwerenga Baibulo kuti muone mmene lingakuthandizireni.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 5]

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, pachiwerengero cha atsikana amene amakhala ndi nkhawa, atsikana omwe anachitapo zachiwerewere amakhala ochuluka kuwirikiza katatu chiwerengero cha atsikana amene sanachitepo zachiwerewere

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 6]

Achinyamata Akudzipweteka

Lipoti limene boma la Britain linatulutsa m’chaka cha 2006 linasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha achinyamata a zaka 11 mpaka 15 amene amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a kokeni, chinachuluka kuwirikiza kawiri m’chaka chimodzi chokha. Achinyamata pafupifupi 65,000 ananena kuti anagwiritsapo ntchito mankhwala amenewa. Ku Holland, achinyamata 20 pa 100 aliwonse a zaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 24 amakhalira kumwa mowa kapena amadwala matenda enaake amene amayamba chifukwa chomwa mowa.

Achinyamata ambiri amachita zinthu zodzipweteka okha. Mwachitsanzo, amadzichekacheka, kudziluma kapenanso kudziotcha. Akatswiri ofufuza, maina awo Len Austin ndi Julie Kortum, ananena kuti: “Achinyamata pafupifupi 3 miliyoni a ku America amadzipweteka okha, ndipo mmodzi pa achinyamata 200 aliwonse amachita zimenezi kwa zaka zambiri.”

[Chithunzi patsamba 3]

Achinyamata ambiri amasowa anzawo omwe angawauze zakukhosi