Anthu a ku Thailand Amavala Mogometsa

Misika ya mumzinda wa Chiang Mai imadzaza ndi anthu. Anthu amakhala pikitipikiti m’mphepete mwa msewu kugula ndi kugulitsa katundu. Phokoso la anthu onenerera malonda limamvekabe ngakhale kuti m’misewuyi mumadutsa magalimoto ambiri. Mumzindawu, womwe uli kumpoto kwa dziko la Thailand, mumapezeka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu omwe amavala mogometsa.

DZIKO la Thailand lili ndi anthu okwana 65 miliyoni ndipo ena mwa anthuwa ndi ochokera m’mitundu 23 ing’onoing’ono yomwe imadziwika kuti mitundu ya kumapiri. Yambiri mwa mitunduyi imakhala kumpoto kwa dziko la Thailand komwe kuli mapiri, mitsinje, komanso zigwa zachonde. Dera limene anthuwa amakhala ndi lalikulu kwambiri ndipo linayambira m’dziko la Thailand mpaka m’dziko la Myanmar ndi Laos.

Ambiri mwa anthuwa anafika ku Thailand zaka 200 zapitazo. Mtundu waukulu kwambiri pa mitundu ikuluikulu 6 ya m’dzikoli ndi wa Karen ndipo unachokera ku Myanmar. Mitundu ya Lahu, Lisu ndi Akha inachokera ku Yunnan, m’dera lamapiri kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa dziko la China. Ndipo mitundu ya Hmong ndi Mien, inachokera m’chigawo chapakati cha dziko la China. *

Mitundu imeneyi inasamuka kwawo n’kupita ku Thailand chifukwa chochulukana, kuthawa nkhondo, komanso kufuna malo olima. * Anthuwa anaona kuti kumpoto kwa dziko la Thailand kunali kwabwino kwambiri chifukwa kunali kutali ndi tawuni, kunali mapiri, komanso kunali anthu ochepa. Dziko la Thailand linalola anthuwa kukhala m’derali ndipo pasanapite nthawi m’derali munali midzi yambiri ya anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zikhalidwe ndi zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana.

Ali ndi Kavalidwe Komanso Chikhalidwe Chochititsa Chidwi

Mtundu uliwonse umadziwika ndi kavalidwe kawo. Mwachitsanzo, akazi a mtundu wa Akha amavala duku lokongola looneka lasiliva, lomwe limakhala ngati chipilala chomwe chakongoletsedwa ndi zingwe, nsalu komanso ndalama zachitsulo. Nthawi  zina amavala chipewa chachitsulo, chokongoletsedwa ndi mabatani, mikanda komanso timipira ting’onoting’ono. Akazi a mtundu wa Mien amaoneka bwino akavala mathalauza awo okongola kwambiri omwe nthawi zina amawatengera zaka zisanu kuti awasoke. Kuwonjezera pa thalauzali amavalanso malaya aafupi okhala ndi kolala yofiira, duku losokedwa mwaluso ndiponso kansalu kabuluu komwe amakamanga m’chiuno.

Akazi a mitundu yakumapiri amenewa akati atchena, amavala zovala zosiyanasiyana zooneka zasiliva zomwe zimanyezimira kwambiri. Zovalazi zimasonyeza kuti anthuwa ndi olemera komanso zimakopa anthu ena, kuphatikizapo amuna ofuna banja. Zovala zina zimakhala ndi magalasi, timatabwa komanso zingwe.

Anthu ambiri akumapiri amanyadira chikhalidwe chawo. Mwachitsanzo, achinyamata a mtundu wa Karen, amavala bwino kwambiri pamaliro kuposa pamwambo wina uliwonse. Kodi cholinga chawo chimakhala chotani? Ambiri amapita kumaliro n’cholinga chokapeza mnyamata kapena mtsikana woti adzamange naye banja. Dzuwa likalowa, anyamata ndi atsikanawa amapanga bwalo n’kugwirana manja ndipo usiku wonse amakhalira kuimba nyimbo zachikondi ndiponso kuvina uku akuzungulira munthu wakufayo.

Nawonso achinyamata a mtundu wa Hmong amapeza mtsikana kapena mnyamata womanga naye banja kuchikondwerero cha chaka chatsopano. Mnyamata ndi mtsikana omwe akufunana amaima m’mizere motalikirana n’kumayang’anizana. Kenako amaponyerana mpira wopangidwa ndi nsalu. Ndipo amene wagwetsa mpirawo, kaya mwangozi kapena mwadala, amapereka chinthu kwa mnzakeyo. Madzulo ake, munthuyo amafunika kuimba nyimbo imodzi kuti abwezeredwe chinthu chake. Akamaimba bwino, anthu ambiri amatha kubwera kudzamvetsera komanso mnyamata kapena mtsikana amene amamufuna uja amakopeka naye kwambiri.

Moyo Wawo Ukusintha

Kale anthuwa ankadula mitengo ndi udzu n’kuzitentha n’cholinga choti apeze malo obzala mbewu komanso odyetsera ziweto. Zimenezi zinkawonongetsa zinthu zachilengedwe. Koma masiku ano anthu amenewa amatsatira njira zabwino zaulimi.

Poyamba, anthuwa ankalima mbewu inayake yomwe amapangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Koma masiku ano amalima khofi, ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, ndiponso maluwa. Iwo anasintha chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi banja lachifumu la ku Thailand komanso mabungwe ena a kunja. Anthu ambirinso amagulitsa katundu wawo, kuphatikizapo zinthu zimene amapanga pamanja, kwa alendo odzaona malo. Iwo amathanso kuwagwirira ntchito alendowa n’cholinga choti apeze ndalama.

Komabe, anthuwa akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri monga umphawi, kusowa malo abwino okhala ndiponso ambiri mwa anthuwa sadziwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Komanso pali mavuto ena monga  kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kusintha kwa chikhalidwe, kusankhana mitundu, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Makolo a anthu amenewa anathawa kwawo n’kupita ku Thailand chifukwa cha mavuto ngati omwewa. Ndiyeno kodi anthu akumapiri amenewa angapeze kuti thandizo?

Thandizo Lodalirika

Ambiri mwa anthuwa azindikira kuti Mulungu Woona, Yehova, ndiye angawathandize. Pa Salmo 34:8, Baibulo limanena kuti: “Talawani, ndipo onani kuti Yehova ndiye wabwino; wodala munthuyo wakukhulupirira Iye.” Jawlay, yemwe ndi wa mtundu wa Lahu, anati: “Ndinakwatira ndili ndi zaka 19. Panthawiyi n’kuti nditayamba kale uchidakwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Popanda mankhwalawa sindinkatha kugwira ntchito ndipo zimenezi zinkachititsa kuti ndikhale wopanda ndalama. Mkazi wanga Anothai ankaona kuti sindikumusamala komanso sindikumukonda moti nthawi zonse tinkakhalira kukangana.

“Mwana wathu wamkazi Suphawadee atabadwa, Anothai anayamba kuphunzira Baibulo ndi Mboni za Yehova. Koma a Mboni akabwera kunyumba, ineyo ndinkangochokapo n’kupita kunkhalango. Komabe pasanapite nthawi yaitali, mkazi wanga anayamba kusonyeza makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Iye anayamba kulankhula nane mwaulemu ndiponso kugwira ntchito zapakhomo molimbika. Choncho, atandilimbikitsa kuti nanenso ndiyambe kuphunzira Baibulo, ndinavomera.

“Mfundo za m’Baibulo zinayamba kundikhudza mtima, ndipo ndiyamba kusiya pang’onopang’ono makhalidwe oipa. Kenako, Mulungu anandithandiza kuti ndisiye kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Panopa banja langa limayenda bwino kwambiri chifukwa chotsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo. Ndiponso timasangalala kukambirana ndi anthu akumapiri zimene Baibulo limaphunzitsa.”

Mawu a Jawlay akutikumbutsa za ulosi wa m’Baibulo umene umapezeka m’buku la Chivumbulutso. Ulosiwu umanena kuti m’masiku otsiriza a dziko loipali, “uthenga wabwino wosatha” udzalengezedwa ku “fuko, lilime, ndi mtundu uliwonse.” (Chivumbulutso 14:6) A Mboni za Yehova amaona kuti ndi mwayi waukulu kugwira nawo ntchito imeneyi, yomwe imasonyeza kuti Mulungu amakonda anthu onse, kuphatikizapo anthu okhala kumapiri a ku Thailand ovala mogometsa amenewa.—Yohane 3:16.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 16]

KODI ZINTHU ZIMENE AMAVALA M’KHOSI ZIMATHANDIZA KUTI KHOSILO LITALIKE?

Akazi ambiri a mtundu wa Kayan amakonda kudzikongoletsa kwambiri. Pofuna kuoneka bwino, amavala m’khosi monse zinthu zonyezimira zamkuwa. * Iwo amayamba kuvala zimenezi ali ndi zaka pafupifupi zisanu. Pakapita zaka zingapo, amachotsa zoyambazo n’kuika zina zotalikirapo komanso zolemera. Akafika msinkhu wa munthu wachikulire, amavala zinthu zodzikongoletsa m’khosi mwawo zolemera makilogalamu pafupifupi 13. Koma sikuti zinthu zimenezi zimathandiza kuti makosi awo atalike. M’malo mwake, zinthu zimenezi zimangowathyola khosi komanso nthiti.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Hilltribe Museum, Chiang Mai

[Bokosi patsamba 17]

ALI NDI NTHANO ZOSIYANASIYANA ZONENA ZA CHIGUMULA

Anthu a mitundu ya Lisu ndi Hmong ali ndi nthano zawo zimene zimanena za chigumula. Nthano ina ya anthu a mtundu wa Hmong, imanena kuti: “Mbuye wa m’Mlengalenga” anachenjeza anyamata awiri apachibale kuti posachedwa padziko lonse pakhala chigumula. Iye analangiza mnyamata wamkulu pa awiriwo kuti aseme bwato lachitsulo koma wamng’onoyo anamulangiza kuti aseme bwato lamatabwa. Kenako anauza mnyamata wamng’onoyo kuti alowe limodzi ndi mchemwali wake m’bwatomo. Komanso anamuuza kuti alowetse nyama zosiyanasiyana m’bwatomo, yaikazi ndi yaimuna, ndiponso atenge nthangala ziwiri pa mbewu iliyonse n’kulowa nazo m’bwatomo.

Chigumulacho chitayamba, bwato lachitsulo lija linamira pamene lamatabwalo linkangoyandama. Kenako chinjoka chooneka ngati utawaleza chinaumitsa madzi onse padziko. Pamapeto pake, mnyamata wamng’onoyo anakwatira mchemwali wake uja, ndipo ana awo anadzaza dziko lapansi. Onani kuti nkhaniyi ikufanana mwina ndi mwina ndi nkhani yeniyeni imene imapezeka m’Baibulo pa Genesis chaputala 6 mpaka 10.

[Chithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Azimayi akumapiri akatchena, amaoneka chonchi

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Hilltribe Museum, Chiang Mai

[Zithunzi patsamba 17]

Jawlay ndi banja lake

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Both pictures: Hilltribe Museum, Chiang Mai