Matenda Otupa Chiwindi Amapha Mwakabisira

“Ndinali ndi zaka 27 ndipo pa nthawiyi n’kuti nditangokwatira kumene. Ndinkagwira ntchito yopanikiza kwambiri komanso ndinali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana mumpingo wathu wa Mboni za Yehova. Ndinkaoneka wathanzi, koma sindinkadziwa kuti ndili ndi matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B, omwe anali atayamba kuwononga chiwindi changa.”—Anatero Dukk Yun.

CHIWINDI n’chofunika kwambiri m’thupi mwathu chifukwa chimachotsa zinthu zoipa m’magazi komanso chimagwira ntchito zina zofunika zopitirira 500. N’chifukwa chake matenda otupa chiwindi ndi oopsa kwambiri. Munthu akhoza kudwala matendawa chifukwa chomwa mowa mopitirira malire kapena chifukwa chodya zinthu zina zapoizoni. Koma nthawi zambiri matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha mavailasi. Asayansi apeza mitundu isanu ya mavailasi amene amayambitsa matendawa ndipo akukhulupirira kuti pali mitundu inanso itatu imene sakuidziwa bwinobwino.—Onani  bokosi lili m’munsili.

Mtundu umodzi pa mitundu isanuyi, womwe ndi mtundu wa B, umapha anthu opitirira 600,000, chaka  chilichonse. Chiwerengero chimenechi n’chofanana ndi cha anthu omwe amafa ndi malungo. Anthu oposa 2 biliyoni, omwe ndi pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa anthu atatu alionse padziko lonse, anadwalapo matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B, ndipo ambiri anachira patangopita miyezi yochepa. Koma anthu ena pafupifupi 350 miliyoni amene anapezeka ndi matendawa sadzachiranso. Anthu amenewa, kaya akusonyeza zizindikiro kapena ayi, akhoza kupitiriza kufalitsabe matendawa kwa moyo wawo wonse. *

Ngati munthu wodwala matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B, omwe afika poti sangachire, atayamba mwamsanga kulandira mankhwala oyenerera, akhoza kuteteza chiwindi chake kuti chisawonongekeretu. Koma vuto ndi lakuti anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti ali ndi matendawa, chifukwa nthawi zina madokotala amati akayeza magazi amatha kuona ngati chiwindi chili bwinobwino. Kuti adziwe ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa, madokotala amafunika kufufuza mwapadera tizilombo timene timayambitsa matenda otupitsa chiwindi. N’chifukwa chake matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B amapha mwakabisira, popanda munthu kudziwa. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matendawa zimatha osaonekera mpaka patapita zaka zambiri kuyambira pamene munthu watenga matendawa. Pa nthawiyi, munthuyo amakhala kuti chiwindi chake chayamba kuuma kapena chayamba khansa. Munthu mmodzi pa anthu anayi alionse amafa chifukwa chakuti chiwindi chake chauma kapena chili ndi khansa.

“Ndinawatenga Bwanji Matendawa?”

Dukk Yun anati: “Ndinayamba kuona zizindikiro za matendawa ndili ndi zaka 30. Nditaona kuti ndinkatsegula m’mimba kwambiri, ndinapita kuchipatala koma mankhwala amene anandipatsa anangondithandiza kuti ndisiye kutsegulako. Kenako ndinapita kwa dokotala wa mankhwala achitchaina, yemwe anandipatsa mankhwala ochapa m’mimba. Koma madokotala onsewa sanandiyeze kuti aone ngati ndili ndi matenda otupa chiwindi. Popeza ndinkatsegulabe m’mimba, ndinabwereranso kuchipatala komwe ndinapita poyamba kuja. * Pa nthawiyi dotokotalayo anaganiza zomenya pang’ono mbali yakumanja ya mimba yanga ndipo atatero ndinamva ululu kwambiri. Dotokotalayo anaganiza kuti chiwindi changa chili ndi vuto ndipo atandiyeza magazi, anapezadi kuti ndili ndi matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B. Sindinamvetse zimenezi chifukwa sindinaikidwepo magazi kuchipatala komanso sindinachitepo zachiwerewere.”

Dukk Yun atamupeza ndi matendawa, mkazi wake, makolo ake, ndiponso abale ake anapita kuchipatala  kukayezetsa magazi awo ndipo onsewa anapezeka kuti anali ndi mapuloteni osonyeza kuti thupi lawo linalimbanapo ndi matendawa. Mphamvu ya thupi lawo yolimbana ndi matenda inali itagonjetsa kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. Kodi n’zotheka kuti Dukk Yun anatenga matendawa kuchokera kwa abale akewa? Kodi n’zothekanso kuti anthu onsewa anatenga matendawa kofanana? N’zovuta kudziwa. Ndipo akuti pa anthu 100 alionse amene amapezeka ndi matendawa, 35 sadziwa bwinobwino kumene anawatenga. Komabe chimene chikudziwika n’chakuti matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B, sakhala akumtundu. Ndipo nthawi zambiri munthu sawatenga chifukwa chocheza limodzi ndi anthu odwala matendawa kapena chifukwa chodyera nawo limodzi. Koma anthu amatha kutenga matendawa kudzera m’magazi, m’malovu, kapena pogonana ndi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa.

Anthu ambiri amatenga matendawa chifukwa chopatsidwa magazi kuchipatala. Zimenezi n’zofala makamaka m’mayiko osauka amene alibe zipangizo zokwanira zoyezera magazi. Kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kamafala mosavuta kwambiri kuposa kachilombo ka HIV, komwe kamayambitsa Edzi. Munthu akhoza kutenga matenda otupa chiwindi ngati atagwiritsa ntchito lezala lomwe latsalira ndi timagazi tochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale kadontho ka magazi katakhala pamtunda kwa mlungu umodzi kapena kuposa, kakhoza kufalitsabe matendawa. *

Anthu Ambiri Sawadziwa Bwino Matendawa

Dukk Yun anati: “Kuntchito kwanga atadziwa kuti ndili ndi matendawa, anandipatsa ofesi yangayanga yotalikirana ndi anzanga.” Anthu ambiri odwala matendawa amasalidwa chifukwa chakuti anthu sadziwa mmene matendawa amafalira. Ngakhale anthu ozindikira amatha kusokoneza matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B ndi matenda a mtundu wa A, omwe amafala mosavuta koma si oopsa kwambiri. Ndiponso, popeza kuti munthu akhoza kutenga matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B pogonana, nthawi zina ngakhale anthu omwe sachita zachiwerewere amatha kukayikiridwa ngati apezeka ndi matendawa.

Kusamvetsetsana ndi kukayikirana kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu. Mwachitsanzo, m’madera ambiri anthu amasala anthu amene akudwala matendawa, ana ndi achikulire omwe. Makolo ena salola kuti ana awo azisewera ndi ana amene ali ndi matendawa, ndipo sukulu zina zimakana ana oterewa ndiponso makampani ena salemba ntchito anthu amene akudwala matendawa. Chifukwa choopa kusalidwa, anthu sapita kuchipatala kukayezetsa kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matendawa, ndipo ngakhale atadziwa saulula. Ena amaika moyo wawo ndi wa banja lawo pa ngozi m’malo moulula kuti ali ndi matendawa. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti anthu azingopatsiranapatsirana matenda oopsawa.

Munthu Wodwala Matendawa Amafunika Kupuma Mokwanira

Dukk Yun anati: “Ngakhale kuti adokotala anandiuza kuti ndisamagwire ntchito, patangopita miyezi iwiri ndinayambiranso ntchito. Ndinkaganiza kuti ndili bwino chifukwa adokotala atandiyeza magazi komanso atandijambula, sanapeze kuti chiwindi changa chayamba kuuma.” Patapita zaka zitatu, Dukk Yun anasamutsidwa ndi kampani yake kuti azikagwira ntchito mumzinda winawake waukulu. Kumeneku iye ankapanikizika kwambiri ndi ntchito. Komabe, popeza kuti ankafunika kulipira mabilu komanso kudyetsa banja lake, iye anapitirizabe kugwira ntchito.

Patapita miyezi ingapo, mavailasi oyambitsa matendawa anachuluka kwambiri m’thupi mwake ndipo  zimenezi zinkamuchititsa kuti azitopa kwambiri. Iye anati: “Mapeto ake ndinasiya ntchito, ndipo panopa ndimadandaula kuti ndinkagwira ntchito modzipanikiza kwambiri. Ndikanamvera poyamba paja kuti ndisamagwire ntchito kwambiri, bwenzi matenda anga asanafike poipa.” Komabe, Dukk Yun anaphunzirapo kanthu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, anachepetsa kugwira ntchito komanso kuwononga ndalama. Banja lake linamuthandiza kuchita zimenezi, ndipo mkazi wake anayamba kugwira ntchito n’cholinga chakuti azipeza ndalama zothandizira banja lawo.

Zimene Wakumana Nazo Chifukwa cha Matendawa

Dukk Yun anayamba kupezako bwino, koma magazi ankadutsa movutikira m’chiwindi mwake, ndipo zimenezi zinkachititsa kuti mtima wake uzigwira ntchito kwambiri kuti upope magaziwo. Patatha zaka 11, mtsempha waukulu wa pakhosi pake unaphulika ndipo anataya magazi ambiri, zomwe zinachititsa kuti agonekedwe m’chipatala kwa mlungu umodzi. Patapita zaka zinayi, mutu wake unasokonekera. Muubongo wake munadzaza mchere winawake wam’thupi chifukwa chiwindi chake chinkalephera kuuchotsa m’magazi. Koma atapatsidwa chithandizo kuchipatala, anapeza bwino patapita masiku angapo.

Dukk Yun tsopano ali ndi zaka 54. Ngati matendawa atakula, zinthu zitha kumuvuta kwambiri. Mankhwala olimbana ndi mavailasi sangamuthandize kwenikweni chifukwa sangapheretu mavailasi onse ndiponso akhoza kungomuyambitsira mavuto ena. Chinthu chimodzi chokha chimene chingathandize n’kumupatsa chiwindi cha munthu wina. Koma zimenezi n’zovuta chifukwa anthu amene akudikirira kupatsidwa chiwindi ndi ambiri kuyerekeza ndi ziwindi zimene zingapezeke. Dukk Yun anati: “Ndikudziwa kuti ndikhoza kufa nthawi ina iliyonse. Koma ndimaona kuti si bwino kumangodandaula, chifukwa panopa ndidakali ndi moyo, ndili ndi pokhala, ndiponso banja labwino. Komanso matenda angawa andithandiza m’njira zina. Mwachitsanzo, ndimakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yocheza ndi banja langa komanso yowerenga Baibulo. Zimenezi zimandithandiza kuti ndisamaope kuti ndikhoza kufa nthawi ina iliyonse. Komanso zimandithandiza kuyembekezera mwachidwi nthawi imene matenda onse adzathe.” *

Chifukwa chakuti Dukk Yun sadandaula kwambiri za matenda ake, banja lake lonse limasangalala ndipo iye, mkazi wake ndi ana awo atatu amagwira ntchito yolalikira nthawi zonse.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 13]

Kupita kuchipatala mwamsanga kungathandize kuti matendawa asakule

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 14]

Anthu ambiri sayezetsa magazi kapena kuulula kuti ali ndi matendawa chifukwa choopa kusalidwa

[Bokosi pamasamba 12, 13]

 MITUNDU YA MATENDA OTUPA CHIWINDI

Pali mitundu isanu yodziwika bwino ya matenda otupa chiwindi, ndipo mitundu itatu yofala kwambiri pa mitundu imeneyi imadziwika ndi mayina akuti mtundu wa A, mtundu wa B ndi mtundu wa C. Komanso madokotala akuganiza kuti pali mitundu inanso ya matenda otupa chiwindi imene sanaidziwe bwinobwino. Koma mitundu yonseyi imachititsa kuti munthu amene akudwala matendawa azimva ngati ali ndi chimfine komanso maso ake amaoneka achikasu. Anthu ambiri, makamaka ana, sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse zoti ali ndi matendawa. Pa nthawi imene anthu omwe akudwala matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B kapena C ayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro, chiwindi chawo chimakhala chitawonongeka kale.

MTUNDU WA A

Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda amenewa kamapezeka m’chimbudzi cha munthu amene ali ndi matendawa. Kachilomboka sikafa kakakhala m’madzi amchere, m’madzi abwinobwino kapena m’madzi oundana. Munthu akhoza kutenga matendawa m’njira zotsatirazi:

● Kumwa madzi oipa kapena kudya nsomba zosaphika zochokera m’madzi oipitsidwa ndi chimbudzi

● Kukhudzanakhudzana ndi munthu wodwala matendawa, kudyera mbale imodzi kapena kumwera kapu imodzi

● Kusasamba m’manja ndi sopo pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, pambuyo posintha thewera mwana amene ali ndi matendawa, komanso kuphika chakudya musanasambe m’manja ndi sopo

Munthu akakhala ndi matendawa amadwala kwambiri koma sachedwa kuchira. Nthawi zambiri amachiriratu pakatha milungu ingapo kapena miyezi yochepa. Palibe mankhwala alionse apadera amene munthu amapatsidwa. Iye amangofunika kudya ndi kupuma mokwanira. Munthuyo ayenera kupewa kumwa mowa komanso mankhwala ena amene amachititsa kuti chiwindi chizigwira ntchito kwambiri, mpaka adokotala atanena kuti tsopano chiwindicho chili bwino. Munthu amene anadwalapo matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa A sangadzadwalenso matendawa, koma n’zotheka kudwala matenda otupa chiwindi a mitundu ina. Nthawi zambiri katemera amathandiza munthu kuti asadwale matendawa.

MTUNDU WA B

Kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kamapezeka m’magazi ndi m’madzi ena a m’thupi. Matendawa amafalitsidwa kachilomboka kakalowa m’thupi la munthu amene thupi lake silinayambe lalimbanapo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Munthu akhoza kutenga matendawa m’njira zotsatirazi:

● Mayi amene ali ndi matendawa amatha kupatsira mwana wake pobereka

● Kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zochotsera kapena kumatira mano ndi zipangizo zina zakuchipatala, zipangizo zoboolera makutu, zolembera pakhungu ndi zipangizo zina zimene sizinatsukidwe ndi mankhwala opha mavailasi

● Kubwerekana masingano, malezala, zowengera zala, miswachi kapena chinthu china chilichonse chimene chingathe kulowetsa ngakhale timagazi tochepa kwambiri m’thupi

● Kugonana

Akatswiri azaumoyo amati munthu sangatenge matendawa polumidwa ndi tizilombo, potsokomolerana, pogwirana manja, pokumbatirana, popsompsonana patsaya, poyamwa, kapena podyera mbale imodzi komanso kumwera kapu imodzi. Anthu achikulire amatha kuchira bwinobwino ndipo akatero samadzadwalanso. Koma ana amavutika kuchira. Munthu akapanda kulandira mankhwala, chiwindi chake chimatha kusiyiratu kugwira ntchito ndipo kenako amafa.

MTUNDU WA C

Matendawa amafalitsidwa mofanana ndi a mtundu wa B koma kungoti amafala kwambiri kudzera m’majakisoni. Matenda a mtundu wa C alibe katemera. *

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 14]

KATEMERA ANGACHEPETSE CHIWERENGERO CHA ODWALA

Ngakhale kuti anthu padziko lonse amadwala matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B, anthu ambiri odwala matendawa (78 peresenti) amapezeka ku Asia ndi kuzilumba za m’nyanja ya Pacific. M’madera amenewa, munthu mmodzi pa anthu 10 alionse ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. Anthu ambiri kumeneko amatenga matendawa pobadwa kapena adakali ana, magazi awo akakhudzana ndi magazi a ana ena amene ali ndi matendawa. Katemera akuthandiza kwambiri kuti ana ongobadwa kumene komanso anthu ena asadwale matendawa. * M’madera amene amapereka katemera, chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matendawa chachepa kwambiri.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Dukk Yun ndi mkazi wake komanso ana awo atatu

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 12]

© Sebastian Kaulitzki/Alamy