Nyumba Zoyenda Nazo za Anthu a ku Asia

ANTHU amene amakonda kusamukasamuka a m’chigawo chapakati ku Asia, amamanga nyumba zochititsa chidwi. Nyumbazi zimakhala zozungulira ndipo m’nyengo yozizira zimatentha, koma m’nyengo yotentha, zimazizira. Nyumba zimenezi kale zinkapezeka paliponse, kuyambira m’madera otsika a ku Mongolia ndi ku Kazakhstan, mpaka kumapiri ndi kuzigwa za ku Kyrgyzstan.

Nyumbazi zimaoneka ngati tenti. Makoma ake amapangidwa ndi mphasa zokongola komanso nsalu zambirimbiri zopangidwa ndi ubweya wa nkhosa. Mphasazi zimakhala mkati ndipo nsaluzo zimakhala kunja. Nyumbazi zimakhala zopepuka ndiponso zosavuta kupanga koma zimakhala zolimba. Munthu akakhala m’nyumbazi samva kuzizira kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri. Anthu a ku Kyrgyzstan amazitcha “nyumba zotuwa,” a ku Kazakhstan amazitcha “nyumba zaubweya,” ndipo a ku Mongolia amangozitcha “nyumba” basi.

Nyumbazi zimatha kukhala zotuwa kapena zoyera kwambiri, malinga ndi mtundu wa ubweya umene agwiritsira ntchito. Nyumba za ku Kyrgyzstan ndi za ku Kazakhstan nthawi zambiri amazikongoletsa pojambula nyanga za nkhosa pa nsalu zake zaubweya, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala kwambiri ya penti. Kale mabanja ankadziwika kuti ndi olemera akakhala ndi mabulangete okongola komanso pansi pa nyumba zawo akamaikapo makapeti opangidwa ndi ubweya wa nkhosa.

Pomanga nyumbazi, amatenga mitengo n’kuilumikiza ku chitsulo chooneka ngati chingelengele kuti apange denga. Chitsulochi chimakhala cholimba komanso cholemera, ndipo n’chimene chimathandiza kuti nyumbayi ikhale yolimba. Pakatikati pa chitsulochi pamakhala mpata umene umakhala ngati windo la nyumbayo. Pampatawu amaikapo nsalu yopangidwa ndi ubweya kuti ikhale ngati katani. Akafuna kuti m’nyumbamu muzilowa mphepo, amatsegula nsaluyo, koma nyengo ikakhala kuti yaipa, amatsekapo. Nthawi zina usiku, amatha kutsegula nsalu yotsekera kudengayo n’kumaona nyenyezi kumwamba.

N’zothandiza Kwambiri kwa Anthu Osamukasamuka

M’madera ena akumidzi ku Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan ndi ku Mongolia, anthu ena amakhalabe moyo wosamukasamuka. Mayi wina, dzina lake Becky Kemery, anafotokoza m’buku lake kuti ku Mongolia, anthu amagwiritsirabe ntchito ngamila posamutsa nyumbazi. Iye anati: “Amaika mitengo yomangira nyumbazi pa ngamila imodzi mopingasa, ndipo amaonetsetsa kuti mitengoyo isasunthire kwambiri mbali imodzi. Chitsulo chakudenga amachiika pomaliza, ndipo chimakwana bwino pa linunda la ngamilayo. Nsalu zaubweya amazikweza pa ngamila ina. Ngati alibe ngamila amakweza katundu wawo m’ngolo, zomwe zimakokedwa ndi mahatchi kapena nyama zina. Nthawi zina, amakweza nyumbazi pa malole enaake a ku Russia.”—Yurts—Living in the Round.

 Nyumba za ku Mongolia amazimanga ndi mitengo yowongoka kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi madenga athyathyathya. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti nyumba za m’dera lotsikali zisagwe kukakhala chimphepo komanso kukamachitika ziphaliwali. Nyumba za ku Kyrgyzstan ndi ku Kazakhstan zimakhala ndi madenga osongoka komanso ozungulira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, makomo a nyumbazi amayang’ana kum’mawa n’cholinga choti muzilowa dzuwa. Mkati mwa nyumbazi mumakhala nsalu zaubweya ndiponso mabulangete okongola kwambiri. Zinthu zimenezi amazipindapinda n’kuziika pa mabokosi a matabwa moyang’anizana ndi khomo. Nthawi zambiri mlendo wofunika kwambiri kapena munthu wamwamuna yemwe ndi mwinimbumba amakhala pafupi ndi zinthu zimenezi.

Mbali yakumanja ya makomo a nyumbazi imakhala ya azimayi. Kumeneku n’kumene amasungako ziwiya zonse zophikira, zokonzera m’nyumba, zosokera ndi zopangira nsalu zaubweya. Mbali yakumanzere imakhala ya azibambo. Kumbali imeneyi n’kumene amasungako zishalo, zingwe zoyendetsera mahatchi, zida zina zochitira ulenje ndi zipangizo zosamalirira nyama.

N’zodabwitsa Kuti Nyumbazi Zidakalipobe

Moyo wa anthu osamukasamukawa unasintha kwambiri pa nthawi ya nkhondo youkira boma ya mu 1917, imene inabweretsa chikomyunizimu. Nkhondoyi itatha, dziko la Russia linamanga sukulu, zipatala ndi misewu m’chigawo chonse chapakati ku Asia, ndipo anthu anayamba kukhala moyo wokhazikika.

Patapita nthawi, anthu ambiri anasiya moyo wawo wosamukasamuka n’kuyamba kukhala m’midzi ndi m’matawuni. Koma nthawi zina anthu amagwiritsabe ntchito nyumba zangati tenti zija m’nyengo yotentha akamasamalira nkhosa, ng’ombe ndi mahatchi pamafamu akuluakulu.

Munthu wina wa ku Kyrgyzstan dzina lake Maksat, yemwe panopa ali ndi zaka zopitirira 35, anati: “Ndili wamng’ono, ndinkathandiza bambo anga kusamalira ziweto. M’mwezi wa July, chipale chofewa chikasungunuka ndipo anthu akayambanso kudutsa m’njira za m’mapiri, tinkayenda ndi nyama zathu m’njirazi mpaka kufika pamwamba pa mapiri pomwe panali msipu wabwino.

“Tikafika kumeneko, tinkamanga nyumba yathu yangati tenti m’mphepete mwa mtsinje, kuti tizipeza madzi ophikira komanso ochapira. Tinkakhala kuphiriko mpaka kunja kukayamba kuzizira, chakumayambiriro kwa October.” Choncho, ngakhale masiku ano anthu amagwiritsabe ntchito nyumba zimenezi.

Nyumba za Masiku Ano Zamtunduwu

M’madera ena monga ku Kyrgyzstan, si zachilendo kuona nyumbazi m’mphepete mwa msewu. Nyumbazi amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati masitolo kapena malesitilanti. M’malesitilantiwa, alendo amatha kukadya zakudya zakuderalo. Amalawakonso moyo wa anthu akumudzi a m’dzikoli pogona m’nyumbazi m’mapiri a ku Kyrgyzstan kapena m’mphepete mwa nyanja yokongola ya Issyk Kul.

Nyumbazi amazigwiritsanso ntchito pakachitika maliro m’madera ena m’chigawo chapakati ku Asia. Maksat anati: “Ku Kyrgyzstan malemuyo amamugoneka m’nyumba yangati tentiyi ndipo achibale ake ndi anzake amabwera kuti adzatsanzikane naye.”

Posachedwapa nyumbazi zayamba kupezekanso m’mayiko a azungu. Anthu ena akhala akunena kuti nyumbazi n’zothandiza kwambiri komanso siziwononga chilengedwe. Koma masiku ano nyumba zamtunduwu n’zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene zinkamangidwa kale. Masiku ano nyumbazi amazimanga ndi zinthu zamakono ndipo nthawi zambiri amati akazimanga saziphwasulanso.

Ngakhale kuti sizidziwika bwinobwino kuti anayambitsa kumanga nyumbazi ndani, tingathe kuona kuti nyumbazi n’zothandiza kwambiri. Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo wa anthu osamukasamuka a m’chigawo chapakati ku Asia. N’zochititsa chidwi kuti nyumbazi zikupezekabe mpaka lero ndipo umenewu ndi umboni wakuti anthuwa ndi aluso kwambiri, akhama komanso odziwa kupanga zinthu zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chawo.

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Nyumba zangati tenti m’mphepete mwa nyanja yotchuka ya Issyk Kul ku Kyrgyzstan