Kodi Gasi Amachokera Kuti?

KUWONJEZERA pa magetsi, anthu ambiri padziko lapansi amagwiritsiranso ntchito gasi pophika ndi pochita zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana. Kodi gasi amachokera kuti? Nanga kodi amawononga chilengedwe? Ndipo kodi gasi amene watsala padzikoli alipo wambiri bwanji?

Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti gasi anapangidwa kuchokera ku zomera zosiyanasiyana ndi nyama zakufa. Malinga ndi zimene asayansiwa amanena, kale kwambiri zomera ndi nyama zakufa zinakwiriridwa ndi dothi. Chifukwa chakuti dothili linkatsendera zomera ndi nyama zakufazo pansi, ndiponso chifukwa cha kutentha kochokera pansi pa nthaka, komanso chifukwa cha tizilombo towoletsa zinthu, m’kupita kwa nthawi zomera ndi nyama zakufazo zinasintha n’kukhala malasha, gasi komanso mafuta. Kenako gasi wambiri analowa m’miyala ndipo nthawi zina ankachulukana pamalo amodzi pansi pa zimiyala zikuluzikulu. Nthawi zina gasi amapezeka wambiri mpaka kukwana migolo mabiliyoni ambiri. Kodi gasi amamupeza bwanji?

Mmene Amapezera Gasi

M’malo mongolota kuti gasi angapezeke kuti, akatswiri amene amafufuza gasi amagwiritsa ntchito masetilaiti, zipangizo zolozera malo, sayansi ya mmene nthaka imagwedezekera ndiponso makompyuta. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito sayansi ya mmene nthaka imagwedezekera, akatswiriwa amaphulitsa timabomba ting’onoting’ono kapena amagwedeza nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zinazake zimene zimakhala m’magalimoto enaake akuluakulu. Phokoso la mabombawa komanso kugwedezeka kwa nthaka kumatumizidwa ku makompyuta amene amasonyeza mmene miyala ya pamalopo inapangidwira. Zimenezi zimatha kuwasonyeza akatswiriwa ngati pamalopo pali gasi kapena ayi.

Akamafufuza gasi m’nyanja, akatswiriwa amawombera malo amene akufuna kufufuzapo gasiwo pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti inayake imene imatulutsa mpweya, nthunzi kapena madzi. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti madzi a m’nyanjamo awinduke ndipo mphamvu ya madzi owindukawo imafika mpaka pansi pa nyanja. Kenako imadutsa m’chingwe chachitali chomwe amachilumikiza ku makompyuta omwe amakhala m’sitima. Kompyutayo imasonyeza ngati pamalopo pali gasi kapena ayi.

 Chifukwa chakuti ntchito yofufuza gasi imatenga ndalama zambiri, asanayambe kukumba gasi amayenera kudziwa kuti alipo wambiri bwanji. Choncho, akatswiri odziwa za miyala amafunika kudziwa kuti gasiyo ndi wothithikana bwanji komanso kuti chitsime cha gasiyo n’chachikulu bwanji. Sizivuta kudziwa kuti gasiyo ndi wothithikana bwanji chifukwa pali zipangizo zimene amayezera zimenezi. Koma zimavuta kudziwa kukula kwa chitsime cha gasi. Nthawi zina kuti adziwe kukula kwake, akapeza chitsime cha gasi amayeza kuti gasiyo akutuluka wamphamvu bwanji. Kenako amaboola pang’ono chitsimecho n’kuchotsapo gasi wochepa. Akatero amayezanso kuti aone kuti gasiyo akutuluka wamphamvu bwanji. Zimene ayeza koyamba ndi kachiwiri zikasiyana pang’ono, amadziwa kuti chitsimecho n’chachikulu, koma zikasiyana kwambiri amadziwa kuti n’chaching’ono.

Zimene Amachita Kuti Gasi Athe Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito

Gasi akapopedwa m’chitsime, amapita naye kufakitale komwe amakamuyenga kuti achotse mpweya woipa komanso madzi, amene angapangitse kuti mapaipi azichita dzimbiri. Kenako gasiyo amamuphitsa pang’ono n’cholinga choti achotsemo mpweya wa nayitilojeni. Amachotsamonso mpweya wina monga hiliyamu, butane, etane, ndi pulopeni. Gasi wotsalayo sakhala ndi mtundu uliwonse, samveka fungo lililonse ndipo sachedwa kuyaka.

Pofuna kupewa ngozi, m’gasimo amathiramo mankhwala enaake amene amachititsa kuti gasiyo azinunkha. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ngati gasiyo atayamba kutulukira pa paipi yobowoka, anthu azidziwa mwachangu asanayake. Komabe mosiyana ndi malasha komanso mafuta, gasi sawononga kwenikweni chilengedwe.

Kuti asamavute kunyamula, gasiyu amamusintha kuti akhale wamadzimadzi pomuziziritsa. Mpweya wina umene amauchotsa m’gasimu, monga butane ndi pulopeni, amauziziritsanso kuti ukhale wamadzimadzi ndipo anthu ambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya umenewu powotcha nyama ndi mbaula za gasi. Butane ndi pulopeni zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mafuta a mabasi, mathilakitala, ndi magalimoto ena. Amazigwiritsanso ntchito m’mafakitale popanga mapulasitiki ndi zinthu zina zambiri.

Padzikoli Pali Gasi Wochepa

Mofanana ndi malasha komanso mafuta, gasi akutha. Malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ena akunena, gasi amene watsala ndi pafupifupi theka la gasi yense amene analipo. Ngati zimenezi zili zoona, anthu akapitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito gasi monga mmene akuchitira panopa, gasi wotsalayo sangakwane kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zoposa 60. Koma popeza kuti m’mayiko ambiri anthu ogwiritsa ntchito gasi akuwonjezeka, mwina zaka 60 zomwe akunenazo sizingakwane n’komwe.

Mayiko ena akutukuka mofulumira kwambiri. Zimenezi zikuchititsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri gasi, malasha, komanso mafuta ngati kuti zinthu zimenezi sizidzatha. N’zoona kuti pali zinthu zinanso zimene anthu angagwiritse ntchito m’malo mwa gasi, monga magetsi ochokera ku dzuwa, mphepo komanso kumphamvu ya nyukiliya. Mphamvu ya zinthu zimenezi siitha. Koma popeza kuti mayiko ambiri akutukuka, kodi m’tsogolomu mphamvu zimenezi zidzakhala zokwanira? Ndipo kodi zidzathandizadi kuti anthu asamawononge chilengedwe? Mwina tidzadziwa zoona zake m’tsogolo momwemo.

[Chithunzi patsamba 14]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Gasi akapopedwa m’chitsime, amapita naye kufakitale komwe amakamuyenga. Kenako makampani ndiponso anthu amayamba kumugwiritsa ntchito

[Chithunzi]

Chitsime cha gasi

Fakitale yoyenga gasi

Kampani ya gasi

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera kuti zigwedeze nthaka, ndipo phokoso la kugwedezeka kwa nthakako limatumizidwa ku makompyuta

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Akatswiri odziwa za miyala akuunika chithunzi chopangidwa ndi phokoso lochokera m’miyala ya pansi pa nthaka

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Top: © Lloyd Sutton/Alamy; bottom: © Chris Pearsall/Alamy