Nsanja Zokongola za M’mapiri a Svaneti

TINALI pamwamba pa nsanja inayake imene inamangidwa zaka 800 zapitazo ku Georgia. Kuchokera pansanja yaitali mamita 25 imeneyi, tinaona nsanja zina zambirimbiri m’mudzi wa Mestia, zimene zinamangidwa nthawi yamakedzana. Mudziwu ndi likulu la dera la m’mapiri la Svaneti.

Munthu akamatsika m’mapiriwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, amaona udzu wokongola komanso wobiriwira bwino. Poyenda m’derali tinkaona zinthu zakale kwambiri moti tinkangokhala ngati tabwerera m’nthawi  yamakedzana. Cholinga chathu chinali kukaona nsanja zotchuka za ku Svaneti zimenezi.

Ulendo Wathu Wokaona Nsanjazi

Ulendo wathu wopita kumapiri aatali kwambiri a Svaneti unayambira mumzinda wa Zugdidi, ku Georgia. Mzindawu uli pafupi ndi Black Sea. Kunja kunacha bwino kwambiri ndipo tikayang’ana kutali tinkatha kuona nsonga za mapiri ataliatali zokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Titafika pa mtsinje wa Inguri tinayamba kuyenda pang’onopang’ono motsatira mtsinjewo ndipo m’njiramo tinkaona nkhalango yodzaza ndi mitengo, maluwa ndi zomera zina zokongola.

Pofika madzulo, gulu lathu linafika pamudzi winawake wokongola wotchedwa Becho. Mudziwu uli m’munsi mwa phiri lokongola kwambiri la Ushba, lomwe lili ndi nsonga ziwiri zazitali kwambiri. Phirili ndi lalitali mamita 4,710. Ifeyo tinakopeka kwambiri ndi kukongola kwa phirili ngati mmene ngumbi zimakopekera ndi kuwala kwa nyale.

Ulendowu unali wautali kwambiri moti tinatopa ndiponso tinali ndi njala. Kenako tinaona m’busa wina akudutsa ndi nkhosa zake. Tinamuimitsa n’kugulapo nkhosa imodzi n’cholinga choti tiwotche madzulo. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, ifeyo ndi anzathu a kumeneku, omwe anatilandira bwino kwambiri, tinayatsa moto n’kuwotcha nkhosa ija. Nyamayi tinkadyera buledi winawake wochita kuotcha ndi nkhuni mu uvuni yadothi. Kunena zoona, chinali chakudya chokoma kwambiri. Titamaliza kudya, tinamwera vinyo wokoma kwambiri wotchedwa Saperavi, yemwe ndi wofala kwambiri ku Georgia.

Kutacha tinapitiriza ulendo wathu ndipo tinafika ku Mestia. Kumeneko n’kumene tinaona nsanja zokongola zimene tazitchula kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi. Titaona derali tinafika pozindikira kuti Svaneti ndi limodzi mwa madera a m’mapiri okongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Tikayenda mtunda wa makilomita 45 kuchoka ku Mestia, timapeza mudzi wotchedwa Ushguli, umene uli mkati mwenimweni mwa mapiri. Anthu a m’mudziwu amakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri, mwina mamita 2,200. Mudzi wa Ushguli wakhala ukudziwika kuti ndi “mudzi womwe uli pamwamba kwambiri ku Ulaya kuposa midzi ina yonse yomwe yakhala ikukhalidwa ndi anthu kuyambira kale kwambiri.”

Kuti tikafike pamudzi umenewu, tinadutsa kanjira kakang’ono kam’mphepete mwa phiri ndipo mbali inayo kunali chiphedi chachikulu chimene chimathera mumtsinje. Titafika ku Ushguli, tinaona zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Tinaona nyumba zambirimbiri zokhala ndi nsanja. Kumbuyo kwa nyumbazi kunali phiri lalikulu lotchedwa Shkhara. Phirili linkaoneka lokongola kwambiri chifukwa nsonga yake inakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa chimene chimaoneka ngati chalumikizana ndi mtambo wa buluu.

Phiri la Shkhara ndi lalitali mamita 5,201, ndipo ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri m’dziko la Georgia. Phirili ndi mbali ya mapiri olumikizana komanso otalika mofanana otchedwa Khoma la Bezengi, amene anatenga mtunda wokwana makilomita 12. Mapiri onsewa ndi mbali ya mapiri otchedwa Caucasus amene anatenga mtunda wa makilomita 1,207 ndipo anapanga malire a pakati pa Ulaya ndi Asia. Kulikonse komwe tinkayang’ana tinkangoona zigwa zokongola kwambiri. Komabe, n’zovuta kwambiri kuti munthu akafike ku zigwa zimenezi ngakhale kuti anthu akuderali amakafikako mosavuta.

Anthu a M’mapiri a Svaneti

Anthu amene amakhala m’mapiri a Svaneti ndi a mtundu wa Svan ndipo ali ndi chilankhulo chawochawo. Akuti kuyambira kalekale anthu amenewa safuna zolamulidwa ndi munthu wina. Munthu wina wofufuza malo wa zaka za m’ma 1700 ananena kuti anthu a mtundu wa Svan “anayambitsa mfundo imene ankaiona kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri, yoti ufulu wa munthu aliyense ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa chilichonse.”

Pali zinthu ziwiri zimene zinkachititsa kuti anthu amenewa azikhala ndi ufulu woterewu. Choyamba, zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti anthu ena awalowerere chifukwa chakuti anazungululiridwa ndi mapiri akuluakulu. Chachiwiri,  nyumba zawo zinali ndi nsanja zitalizitali zimene zinkathandiza kuti banja lililonse lizikhala motetezeka. Nsanjazi zinkawathandiza kuona adani adakali patali komanso anthu a m’midzi ina, omwe nthawi zina ankachita zinthu zachiwembu. Zinkawathandizanso kuona mwachangu chipale chofewa chomwe nthawi zina chimatsetsereka kuchokera m’mapiri.

Moyo Wawo

Tinaitanidwa kuti tikacheze ndi banja lina la mtundu wa Svan, limene limakhala m’nyumba imene inamangidwa kale kwambiri m’zaka za m’ma 1100. Nyumbayi inali ndi mbali ziwiri, nyumba yeniyeniyo komanso nsanja. M’nyumbamo munali malo amene amayatsapo moto wowotha ndi wounikira. Chinthu chinanso chimene tinachita nacho chidwi kwambiri chinali chimpando chinachake chathabwa chimene bambo wa panyumbayo ankakhalapo. M’nyumba imodzi munkakhala amayi, abambo, ana ndi mabanja awo. Akazi onsewo ankagwira ntchito mosinthanasinthana. Ntchito yake inkakhala kusinja, kuphika, kukonza m’nyumba, kudyetsa ziweto komanso kuyatsa moto wowotha ndi wounikira m’nyumba.

Nsanjayo inali yomangidwa ndi miyala komanso yochitidwa pulasitala. Inali ndi mbali zinayi zosanjikizana ndipo inamangidwa pamwamba pa nyumba imene inalinso ndi mbali ziwiri zosanjikizana. Titatuluka m’nyumba n’kulowa munsanjayo, zinatitengera nthawi kuti tiyambe kuona bwinobwino chifukwa munali kamdima pang’ono. Zinthu monga madzi, ufa, zipatso, tchizi, vinyo ndi nyama zinkasungidwa m’zigawo za m’munsi za nsanjayo.

Ngati kwachitika zinazake zoopsa, banjalo linkakagona munsanjamo, m’chigawo choyamba, chachiwiri kapena chachitatu. Chigawo chomaliza cha nsanjayo ankachigwiritsa ntchito pomenya nkhondo ndipo khoma lake linali ndi mabowo ang’onoang’ono. Munthu wina amene anapita kuderali m’zaka za m’ma 1800, anati: “Popeza kuti anthuwa analibe boma loti liziwalamulira, nthawi zambiri anthuwo ankawomberana ndi mfuti.” Choncho, banja lililonse linkakhala lokonzeka kumenya nkhondo n’cholinga choti lidziteteze.

Pobwerera kunyumba, tinkathokoza Yehova chifukwa cha zinthu zokongola komanso zochititsa chidwi za m’chilengedwe zimene tinaona ku Svaneti. Komabe ngati anthu amene ankakhala munsanja zimenezi nthawi yamakedzana adzaukitsidwe m’dziko latsopano la Mulungu, sadzafunikiranso kumanga nsanja zodzitetezerazi. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chakuti mogwirizana ndi zimene Baibulo linalonjeza, nthawi imeneyo anthu “adzakhala pansi pa mtengo wake wa mpesa ndi mtengo wake wa mkuyu ndipo sipadzakhala wowaopsa.”—Mika 4:4; Aroma 8:21, 22.

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 16]

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