Kodi Zokambirana Zokhudza Kusokonekera kwa Nyengo Zikuthandiza?

“Mayiko ayenera kugwirizana kuti athetse vuto la kusokonekera kwa nyengo. Asayansi ambiri akunena kuti ngati sitichitapo kanthu, mavuto monga kusowa kwa mvula, njala ndi kusowa pokhala awonjezereka ndipo zimenezi zichititsa kuti nkhondo zichuluke.”—Anatero pulezidenti wa ku America, Barack Obama.

ASAYANSI ena akuona kuti dziko lapansi lili ngati munthu amene akudwala mwakayakaya. Iwo akuti kutentha kwa dzikoli kwatsala pang’ono kufika mlingo wodetsa nkhawa kwambiri, ndipo ngati kutenthaku kutapitirizabe chilengedwe chingasokonekere kwambiri, zomwe zingachititsenso kuti “kutentha kwa dziko kufike poopsa kwambiri.”—Nyuzipepala ya ku Britain ya Guardian.

Kodi n’chiyani chachititsa kuti nyengo isokonekere? Kodi pali zimene mayiko angachite kuti vutoli lisapitirire? Ndipo kodi anthu angakwanitse kuthetsa vuto la kutentha kwa dziko, kuphatikizaponso mavuto ena amene anthu akukumana nawo?

Asayansi ambiri amanena kuti kwenikweni anthu ndi amene achititsa kuti nyengo isokonekere. Akuti vutoli linayamba anthu atayamba kutsegula mafakitale, zomwe zinachititsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri malasha komanso mafuta. Chinanso, vutoli likukula chifukwa chodula mitengo kwambiri. Mitengo imathandiza kuchotsa mpweya woipa, womwe umachititsa kuti dziko lizitentha. Choncho ngati anthu akudula mitengo mwachisawawa, mpweya umenewu umachuluka. Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto amenewa, atsogoleri a mayiko akhala akuchita misonkhano yosiyanasiyana kuti agawane nzeru.

Msonkhano wa ku Kyoto

Pamsonkhano womwe unachitikira ku Kyoto m’chaka cha 1997, mayiko anagwirizana zochepetsa mpweya woipa womwe umachititsa kuti nyengo isokonekere. Mayiko a ku Ulaya komanso mayiko ena 37 otukuka kwambiri anasaina panganoli ndipo anagwirizana kuti pakati pa chaka cha 2008 ndi 2012, achepetse mpweya woipawu ndi 5 peresenti.

Komabe zimene anagwirizana kumsonkhano umenewu sizinathandize kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti dziko la United States silinasaine nawo pangano limeneli. Komanso mayiko ena akuluakulu ongotukuka kumene monga China ndi India sanafune kulonjeza kuti achepetsa ndi mlingo wotani kutulutsa mpweyawu. Chonsecho, dziko la United States ndi dziko la China ndi amene amatulutsa mpweya wambiri, pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya mpweya wonse woipa umene mayiko amatulutsa.

Msonkhano wa ku Copenhagen

Mu December 2009 msonkhano wina unachitikira ku Copenhagen, m’dziko la Denmark. Kumsonkhanowu kunali atsogoleri a mayiko 119 komanso nthumwi zochokera m’mayiko 192. Cholinga cha msonkhanowu chinali kukhazikitsa mfundo zolowa m’malo mwa mfundo zimene zinakhazikitsidwa kumsonkhano wa ku Kyoto, zoti mayiko aziyendera kuyambira chaka cha 2012. Zokambirana za pamsonkhanowo zinasonyeza kuti mayiko akumana ndi mavuto otsatirawa:

1. Kulephera kuchita zimene agwirizana. Anaona kuti zinali zovuta kuti mayiko olemera akwanitse kutsatira mfundo yochepetsa mpweya woipawo  pa mlingo umene anagwirizana. Komanso zinali zovuta kuti mayiko akuluakulu ongotukuka kumene akwanitse kuchepetsa mpweya umene amatulutsa.

2. Vuto la zachuma. Kuti zimene anagwirizana zitheke, mayiko ongotukuka kumene anafunika kumapatsidwa ndalama zambirimbiri kwa zaka zambiri kuti alimbane ndi vuto la kutentha kwa dziko komanso kuti apeze njira zatsopano zoyendetsera mafakitale popanda kuwononga chilengedwe.

3. Kulephera kupeza njira yofanana yochepetsera mpweya woipa. Anaona kuti zinali zovuta kupeza njira imodzi imene ingathandize dziko lililonse kuti lisamatulutse mpweya wopitirira mlingo umene anagwirizana. Njirayi ikanathandizanso mayiko ongotukuka kumene kuti azigwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndalama zimene amapatsidwa ndi mayiko olemera.

Kodi mavuto amenewa akanathana nawo bwanji? Pamsonkhanowu mayiko sanamvane chimodzi koma chakumapeto kwa msonkhanowo, atsogoleri a mayiko 28 anatulutsa chikalata chomwe chinkasonyeza zimene dziko lililonse lingachite kuti lithane ndi vuto la kusokonekera kwa nyengo.

Tiyembekezere Zotani Kutsogoloku?

Mayiko akhala akuchita ndipo akupitirizabe kuchita misonkhano yokambirana mmene angathetsere vuto la kusokonekera kwa nyengo, koma anthu ambiri akuona kuti misonkhano imeneyi ndi yosathandiza. Mtolankhani wina wa nyuzipepala ya New York Times, dzina lake Paul Krugman, ananena kuti: “Dziko lipitirizabe kuphikika.” Nthawi zambiri zimene zimachitika n’zakuti, andale ndi akuluakulu a bizinezi amangofuna kupanga phindu basi osaganizira kuti zimene akuchitazo zidzakhudza bwanji nyengo kutsogoloku. Krugman ananenanso kuti: “Vuto la kusokonekera kwa nyengo silikutha chifukwa chakuti makampani ena safuna kupereka ndalama zothandizira kuthetsa vutoli.” Mtolankhaniyu analembanso kuti vutoli likupitirizabe “kwenikweni chifukwa cha kuumira kwa makampani komanso chifukwa chakuti andale amachita mantha kusintha zinthu.”

Vuto la kusintha kwa nyengo tingaliyerekezere ndi chimphepo cha mkuntho. Akatswiri a zanyengo amatha kuyeza kukula kwa mphepo ya mkuntho n’kuneneratu molondola mmene mphepoyo iyendere ndipo zimenezi zimathandiza kuti anthu athawe. Komabe palibe wasayansi, wandale, kapena wabizinesi aliyense amene angaletse mphepoyo kuti isabwere. Zimenezi n’zofanana ndi vuto la kusintha kwa nyengo. Mfundo imeneyi ikugwirizana ndi zimene zinalembedwa m’Baibulo pa Yeremiya 10:23 kuti: “Munthu wochokera kufumbi alibe ulamuliro wowongolera njira ya moyo wake. Munthu amene akuyenda alibe ulamuliro wowongolera mapazi ake.”

Kodi Vuto la Kusintha kwa Nyengo Lidzatha?

Vuto limeneli lidzatha chifukwa Baibulo limatiuza kuti “amene anaumba dziko lapansi ndi kulipanga, . . . sanalilenge popanda cholinga.” (Yesaya 45:18) Limanenanso kuti “dziko lapansi lidzakhalapobe mpaka kalekale.”—Mlaliki 1:4.

Mulungu sadzalola kuti dziko lapansi liwonongedwe mpaka kufika poti anthu sangakhalemonso. Iye adzathetsa ulamuliro wa anthu, umene walephera kuthetsa vuto la kusintha kwa nyengo, komanso adzawononga anthu onse amene amawononga chilengedwe. Koma Mulungu adzapulumutsa anthu olungama, amene amayesetsa kuchita zimene iye amafuna. Lemba la Miyambo 2:21, 22 limati: “Owongoka mtima ndi amene adzakhale m’dziko lapansi, ndipo opanda cholakwa ndi amene adzatsalemo. Koma oipa adzachotsedwa padziko lapansi ndipo achinyengo adzazulidwamo.”

[Bokosi patsamba 13]

Mpweya woipa umene mafakitale amatulutsa umapita m’mlengalenga. Ndiyeno dzuwa likawomba, nthaka imatentha. M’malo moti kutenthako kuchoke padzikoli, mpweya woipa wa m’mafakitale uja umasunga kutenthako, zomwe zimachititsa kuti dziko lizitentha. Mpweya woipa umene mafakitale amatulutsa ulipo wa mitundu inayi (Carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide). Chaka chilichonse mafakitale akutulutsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide woposa matani 25 biliyoni. Anthu ena akuti kuyambira nthawi yomwe mafakitale ambiri anatsegulidwa m’zaka za m’ma 1800, mpweya umenewu wawonjezereka ndi 40 peresenti padzikoli.

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 12]

Earth: NASA/The Visible Earth (http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/); Barack Obama: ATTILA KISBENEDEK/AFP/Getty Images