Baibulo Linatsutsidwa Kwambiri

MABUKU osiyanasiyana amene amapanga Baibulo, kapena kuti Malemba Oyera, analembedwa kwa zaka zoposa 1,600. Mabuku oyambirira kwambiri a m’Baibulo analembedwa ndi Mose ndipo mabuku omalizira kwambiri analembedwa ndi mtumwi wa Yesu Khristu, dzina lake Yohane, patapita zaka pafupifupi 100 kuchokera pamene Yesu anabadwa.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, kuyambira Yesu asanabadwe mpaka masiku athu ano, anthu akhala akulimbana ndi Baibulo n’cholinga choti lisamapezeke. Mwachitsanzo, m’nthawi ya Yeremiya, yemwe anakhala ndi moyo zaka zoposa 600 Yesu asanabadwe, mfumu ina inayesetsa kuchita zonse zimene ikanatha kuti Baibulo lisamapezeke.

Anakwiya ndi Uthenga Wake

Mneneri Yeremiya analamulidwa ndi Mulungu kuti alembe uthenga wodzudzula anthu oipa a ku Yuda ndiponso kuti awachenjeze kuti mzinda wa Yerusalemu, womwe unali likulu la dziko lawo, uwonongedwa ngati iwo sasintha. Mlembi wa Yeremiya, dzina lake Baruki, anawerenga uthengawo mokweza pagulu la anthu m’kachisi wa ku Yerusalemu. Anawerenganso uthengawo kachiwiri pamaso pa akalonga a ku Yuda, omwe kenako anatengera mpukutuwo kwa mfumu Yehoyakimu. Mfumuyi itamva mawu a Mulungu amene anali mu mpukutuwo, sinasangalale. Choncho, inang’ambang’amba mpukutuwo n’kuuwotcha.—Yeremiya 36:1-23.

Kenako Mulungu analamula Yeremiya kuti: “Tenga mpukutu wina ndipo ulembemo mawu onse amene anali mumpukutu woyamba uja, umene Yehoyakimu mfumu ya Yuda yatentha.” (Yeremiya 36:28) Mogwirizana ndendende ndi zimene Mulungu analosera kudzera mwa Yeremiya, patapita zaka pafupifupi 17, mzinda wa Yerusalemu unawonongedwa, atsogoleri ake ambiri anaphedwa ndipo anthu ena anagwidwa n’kupita nawo ku ukapolo ku Babulo. Uthenga umene unali mu mpukutuwo komanso nkhani yokhudza chiwembu chimene mfumuyo inapanga, chowotcha Baibulo, sizinawonongedwe ndipo mpaka pano anthu akhoza kuziwerenga m’buku la Yeremiya.

Anthu Anapitirizabe Kuwotcha Baibulo

Yehoyakimu sanali munthu womaliza kuwotcha Baibulo. Anthu enanso amene anakhala ndi moyo pambuyo pa mfumuyi ankawotcha Mabaibulo.  Mwachitsanzo, ufumu wa Girisi utagawanika, Aisiraeli anayamba kulamulidwa ndi mafumu a mumzere wa Selukasi. Mfumu imodzi yotchedwa Antiochus Epiphanes, yomwe inalamulira kuyambira m’chaka cha 175 B.C.E. mpaka 164 B.C.E., inkafuna kuti igwirizanitse madera onse amene anali mu ufumu wa Girisi. Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga chimenechi, iye analamulira kuti Ayuda azitsatira miyambo, chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe cha Agiriki.

Cha mu 168 B.C.E., Antiochus analowa m’kachisi wa Yehova ku Yerusalemu n’kuwonongamo zinthu. Iye anamanga guwa lofukizira nsembe pamwamba pa guwa la m’kachisimo cholinga cholemekeza mulungu wa Agiriki wotchedwa Zeu. Antiochus analetsanso Ayuda kuti asamachite Sabata komanso kuti ana awo aamuna asamadulidwe. Aliyense wosatsatira zimenezi ankaphedwa.

Kuwonjezera pa zimenezi, Antiochus anawotcha mipukutu ya Chilamulo. Koma ngakhale kuti Antiochus anayesetsa kuwotcha mipukutu yonse imene anaipeza ku Isiraeli, mipukutu ina inatsala. Mipukutu ina inabisidwa mosamala kwambiri ku Isiraeli komweko, pamene ina inasungidwa ndi Ayuda amene anathawira kumayiko ena.

Lamulo la Mfumu Diocletian

Wolamulira winanso amene anayesetsa kuwotcha Mabaibulo anali mfumu Diocletian ya ku Roma. M’chaka cha 303, iye anakhazikitsa malamulo ambiri okhaulitsa Akhristu. Anthu ena olemba mbiri yakale amanena kuti zimenezi zinachititsa kuti pakhale chizunzo choopsa. Lamulo lake loyamba linali lowotcha Mabaibulo ndi kugwetsa malo omwe Akhristu ankalambiriramo. Pulofesa wina wa maphunziro a zaumulungu kuyunivesite ya Virginia, dzina lake Harry Y. Gamble, analemba kuti: “Diocletian ankaganiza kuti dera lililonse kumene kuli Akhristu, linali ndi mabuku ake ndipo mabuku amenewo ndi amene ankachititsa kuti Chikhristu chizipitirirabe.” Munthu wina wolemba mbiri ya tchalitchi, dzina lake Eusebius wa ku Kaisareya, m’dziko la Palesitina, anati: “Tinaona ndi maso athu nyumba zopemphereramo zikugwetsedwa, komanso Malemba ouziridwa ndi opatulika akuwotchedwa m’misika.”

Patatha miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene mfumu Diocletian inakhazikitsa lamulo lowotcha Mabaibulo, meya wa mzinda wa kumpoto kwa Africa wa Cirta, womwe masiku ano umadziwika kuti Constantine, akuti analamula Akhristu onse kuti akapereke “malemba a chilamulo” komanso “mabuku a malemba oyera” ku boma. Nkhani zina zofotokoza zimene zinkachitika pa nthawiyo zimasonyeza kuti Akhristu ena analolera kuzunzidwa kapena kuphedwa kumene m’malo mopereka Mabaibulo awo kuti awotchedwe.

Kodi Cholinga Chawo Chinali Chiyani?

Cholinga cha anthu onsewa, Yehoyakimu, Antiochus ndi Diocletian, chinali chowononga Baibulo kuti lisapezekenso. Komabe Baibulo linapulumuka ku ziwembu zonse zimene anthuwo anakonza. Olamulira a ku Roma amene anabwera pambuyo pa Diocletian anayamba kunena kuti alowa Chikhristu. Komabe, iwo anapitirizabe kudana ndi Baibulo. Chifukwa chiyani?

Olamulirawo komanso atsogoleri a matchalitchi ankanena kuti iwo sakuwotcha Baibulo chifukwa chodana nalo koma chifukwa chakuti amafuna kuti lisamapezeke ndi anthu wamba. Koma kodi n’chifukwa chiyani iwo sankafuna kuti anthu wamba azikhala ndi Baibulo? Ndipo kodi anachita zotani pofuna kuti anthu wamba asamawerenge Baibulo? Nkhani yotsatira iyankha mafunso amenewa.