“Ulemelero” wa Nyenyezi

KODI munayamba mwayang’anapo kumwamba usiku n’kuchita chidwi ndi nyenyezi? N’kutheka kuti pamene munkayang’ana nyenyezizo munaona kuti ndi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zimawala mosiyana. N’chifukwa chake Baibulo limati: “Ulemerero wa nyenyezi ina, umasiyana ndi ulemerero wa inzake.”—1 Akorinto 15:41.

N’chifukwa chiyani nyenyezi zimasiyana ulemelero kapena kuti kuwala kwake? Mwachitsanzo, n’chifukwa chiyani nyenyezi zina zimaoneka zoyera, zina zabuluu, zina zofiira, pomwe zina zimaoneka zachikasu? Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani nyenyezi zimanyezimira?

Pakati penipeni pa nyenyezi pamakhala potentha kwambiri, ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti nyenyeziyo izitulutsa mphamvu zambiri. Mphamvu zimenezi zimachoka m’nyenyeziyo n’kupita m’mlengalenga ndipo zochuluka mwa mphamvu zimenezi zimasintha n’kukhala kuwala. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti nyenyezi zabuluu ndi zimene zimatentha kwambiri pomwe nyenyezi zofiira sizitentha kwambiri. N’chifukwa chiyani zimaoneka mosiyanasiyana?

Kuwala kuli ngati mphamvu zimene zimauluka m’mlengalenga. Nyenyezi zotentha kwambiri zimatulutsa mphamvu zambiri zimene zimachititsa kuti nyenyezizo zizioneka zabuluu koma nyenyezi zosatentha kwambiri zimatulutsa mphamvu zochepa, zimene zimachititsa kuti zizioneka zofiira. Dzuwa, lomwenso ndi nyenyezi, limasiyana ndi nyenyezi zina chifukwa limatulutsa mphamvu zimene kuwala kwake kumakhala kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ngati mitundu imene imaoneka pa utawaleza, kuyambira pa gilini mpaka chikasu. Ndiye n’chifukwa chiyani dzuwa silioneka lagilini? N’chifukwa chakuti limatulutsa kuwala kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti ukamalionera m’mlengalenga lizioneka loyera.

M’mlengalenga Mumasintha Mtundu wa Dzuwa

M’mlengalenga mumasintha mtundu wa dzuwa ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti lizioneka mosiyanasiyana m’mawa, masana ndi madzulo. Mwachitsanzo, masana dzuwa limaoneka lachikasu kwambiri, pomwe likamatuluka komanso likamalowa limaoneka lofiirira. Kusintha kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zimapezeka m’mlengalenga monga mpweya ndi madzi.

Chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi m’mlengalenga, mumatulutsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kooneka kwa buluu ndi kwina konkera ku pepo. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti munthu akayang’ana kumwamba kopanda mitambo aziona kuti ndi kwabuluu. Ndiyeno mitundu yotsalayo imachititsa kuti dzuwa lizioneka lachikasu kwambiri masana. Koma dzuwa likamalowa, kuwala kwake kumadutsa m’mlengalenga cham’bali kusanafike pa dziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kuwala kwa dzuwa kumadutsa mbali yaikulu ya m’mlengalenga, yomwe imatulutsa kuwala kwa buluu ndi gilini. N’chifukwa chake nthawi zina dzuwa likamalowa limaoneka lofiira kwambiri.

N’chifukwa Chiyani Kumwamba Kumaoneka Kokongola Usiku?

Zimene timaona tikayang’ana kumwamba usiku zimadalira mphamvu ya maso athu. Maso athu ali ndi mphamvu zimene zimatithandiza kuona zinthu masana ndiponso zina zotithandiza kuona zinthu usiku. Mphamvu zimene zimagwira ntchito masana zimatithandiza kusiyanitsa  mitundu yosiyanasiyana koma tikakhala mumdima zimasiya kugwira ntchito. Mphamvu zimene zimagwira ntchito usiku sizitha kusiyanitsa mitundu koma zimatithandiza kuona kuwala ngakhale kochepa kwambiri. Ndipo tikayang’ana kumwamba usiku n’kumaona nyenyezi zowala mofanana, timakhala tikuona nyenyezi zabuluu zokhazokha osati zofiira. Koma zipangizo zamakono zimatithandiza kuona mitundu ya nyenyezi imene maso athu paokha sangaone.

Zipangizo monga makamera oonera zinthu zakuthambo amatithandiza kuona nyenyezi, milalang’amba ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili kutali kwambiri moti sitingathe kuziona ndi maso athu. Ngakhale kuti zipangizo zimenezi n’zamphamvu, timalepherabe kuona zinthu zimenezi bwinobwino chifukwa cha zinthu zina zimene zili m’mlengalenga. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto limeneli, asayansi anaika chipangizo chinachake m’mlengalenga chimene chimayenda mozungulira dziko lapansi. Chipangizochi chimatchedwa Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Chipangizo chimenechi n’chapamwamba kwambiri chifukwa chimatha kuunika zinthu zosawala zimene makina ena sangathe kuunika ngakhale pang’ono. Chifukwa cha chipangizo chimenechi, asayansi amatha kujambula zithunzi zooneka bwino kwambiri za zinthu zimene zili kutali kwambiri m’mlengalenga. Zina mwa zinthu zimenezi ndi monga milalang’amba komanso mitambo ina.

Ngakhale kuti chipangizo chimenechi n’champhamvu chonchi, masiku ano pali makamera ena amene amaposa chipangizochi m’njira zina. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina zodziwira zochitika za m’mlengalenga, makamera atsopano  amenewa amathandiza asayansi kuona zinthu zambiri za m’mlengalenga kuposa zimene angaone atagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha HST. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha makamera amenewa ndi kamera imene ili ku Hawaii pa malo oonera zinthu zakuthambo otchedwa W. M. Keck Observatory. Kamera imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa makamera aakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito kamerayi, wasayansi wina dzina lake Peter Tuthill wa pa yunivesite ya Sydney, ku Australia, anatulukira mitambo inayake imene imapangidwa mu nyenyezi zinazake zomwe zili mu mlalang’amba wina wotchedwa Sagittarius, womwe umaoneka kuti uli pafupi ndi pakati penipeni pa mlalang’amba umene timauona, wa Milky Way.

Asayansi akafufuza zinthu zakutali zam’mlengalenga akumatulukira nyenyezi ndi milalang’amba yatsopano. Kodi m’mlengalenga muli nyenyezi ndi milalang’amba yochuluka bwanji? N’zovuta kudziwa. Komatu Mlengi wathu, Yehova Mulungu, amadziwa bwino chiwerengero cha zinthu zimenezi. Lemba la Salimo 147:4 limati: “Amawerenga nyenyezi zonse, ndipo zonsezo amazitchula mayina ake.”

Mneneri Yesaya ananenanso mawu ofanana ndi amenewo. Ndiponso iye anawonjezera mfundo ina yolondola kwambiri pa nkhani za sayansi. Iye anafotokoza kuti Mulungu anapanga zinthu zam’mlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopanda malire. Iye anati: “Kwezani maso anu kumwamba muone. Kodi ndani amene analenga zinthu zimenezo? Ndi amene akutsogolera gulu lonse la nyenyezizo malinga ndi chiwerengero chake, ndipo amaziitana potchula iliyonse dzina lake. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zake zoopsa, ndiponso chifukwa chakuti ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zochitira zinthu, palibe imene imasowa.”—Yesaya 40:26.

Yesaya anakhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 2,700 zapitazo. Ndiyeno kodi iye anadziwa bwanji kuti zinthu zimene timaona m’mlengalenga zinapangidwa ndi mphamvu zopanda malire za Mulungu? Iye sanadziwe mfundo imeneyi payekha. M’malomwake analemba zimene anauziridwa ndi Yehova. (2 Timoteyo 3:16) Choncho, iyeyo komanso anthu ena amene analemba Baibulo anafotokoza mfundo zimene anthu sangathe kuzidziwa pogwiritsa ntchito mabuku ndi zipangizo zina za sayansi. Olemba Baibulo anatchula amene anachititsa kuti nyenyezi zizioneka zokongola komanso zikhale zaulemerero.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 16]

N’CHIFUKWA CHIYANI NYENYEZI ZIMANYEZIMIRA?

Nyenyezi zimanyezimira kapena kuti kuoneka ngati zikusintha kaonekedwe kake kapena malo amene zili chifukwa cha zinthu zina zimene zili m’mlengalenga. Mwachitsanzo, m’madera ena anthu amamanga madamu osambiramo omwe pansi pake amaikapo timagetsi ting’onoting’ono. Munthu akavundula madzi, timagetsi tija timanyezimira komanso timasinthasintha kuwala kwake ngati mmene nyenyezi zimachitira. Koma magetsi okulirapo sasintha kwambiri munthu akavundula madziwo. Mapulaneti ena ali ngati magetsi okulirapo amenewa ndipo amaoneka aakulu osati chifukwa chakuti ndi aakulu kuposa nyenyezi, koma chifukwa chakuti ali pafupi kwambiri ndi dziko lapansi.

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 17]

KODI MTUNDU WA ZITHUNZI ZIMENE TIMAONA UMAKHALA WENIWENI?

Mwina mwaonapo zithunzi zokongola kwambiri za milalang’amba ndi nyenyezi zimene zinajambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha HST (Hubble Space Telescope). Koma kodi mitundu ya zithunzizi ndi yeniyeni? Zithunzizi amazikonzanso mwina ndi mwina. Chipangizo cha HST chikajambula chithunzi chimaoneka cha mitundu iwiri, wakuda ndi woyera. Chithunzicho amachiika m’makina othandiza kuti chizioneka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Asayansi komanso akatswiri opanga zithunzi amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono komanso makompyuta kukonzanso zithunzizo kuti zioneke bwino. Iwo amayesetsa kuti zithunzi zimene akutulutsazo zifanane ndi zimene akuganiza kuti ndi mmene zinthu za m’mlengalenga zimaonekera. * Koma nthawi zina asayansi amaika dala mitundu yabodza n’cholinga choti zinthu zina pachithunzipo zioneke kwambiri. Iwo amachita zimenezi mwina n’cholinga choti ziwathandize pochita kafukufuku.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Zithunzi]

Chithunzi cha mitundu iwiri

Chofiira

Chagilini

Chabuluu

Mmene chithunzi chimaonekera akaphatikiza mitundu itatuyi

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

J. Hester and P. Scowen (AZ State Univ.), NASA

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Gulu la nyenyezi zotchedwa “V838 Monocerotis”

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Milalang’amba yotchedwa “Arp 273”

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 15]

NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA) -ESA/Hubble Collaboration

[Mawu a Zithunzi patsamba 16]

V838: NASA, ESA, and H. Bond (STScI); Arp 273: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)