Kodi Mumadya Bowa?

OLAMULIRA a ku Iguputo omwe ankadziwika kuti a Farao ankaona kuti bowa ndi chakudya chapamwamba kwambiri moti m’kupita kwa nthawi, bowa anakhala chakudya cha ku banja lachifumu. Nawonso Aroma ankanena kuti bowa ndi chakudya cha milungu yawo ndipo nthawi zambiri ankadya bowa pakakhala zochitika zapadera. Komanso anthu a ku Girisi ankachita maphwando omwe pankakhala bowa, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti asilikali awo akadya bowa akapambana nkhondo.

Koma masiku ano si anthu olemera okha amene amadya bowa chifukwa anthu ambiri padziko lonse amakonda bowa. Kodi inuyo mumadya bowa? Ngati mumadya, kodi mumadziwa bwinobwino kuti bowa ndi chiyani? Kodi ali m’gulu la nyama, masamba kapena zinthu zina? Kodi bowa amalimidwa bwanji? Kodi ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi? Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani mukaona bowa wam’tchire?

Kuti tipeze mayankho a mafunso amenewa, ine ndi mkazi wanga tinayenda ulendo wautali kuchoka mumzinda wa Sydney, ku Australia, kupita m’tawuni yokongola ya Mittagong, yomwe ili kum’mwera kwa mapiri a New South Wales. Ulendowu unali wokaona famu ya bowa ya mlimi wina, dzina lake Noel Arrold.

Ulimi wa Bowa

Noel amakhala ku Australia ndipo ndi wasayansi komanso katswiri wa bowa. Iye anaphunzira za bowa m’mayiko osiyanasiyana kenako anabwerera ku Australia n’kudzayamba bizinezi yaulimi wa bowa. Iye anafotokoza kuti, “Poyamba akatswiri ankaganiza kuti bowa ali m’gulu la zomera koma kenako anadzazindikira kuti bowa ali m’gulu la nkhungu ndipo ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi zomera.

“Mwachitsanzo, zomera zonse zimapanga zakudya zake pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi dzuwa. Koma zimenezi n’zosiyana kwambiri ndi bowa chifukwa amatha kumera mumdima. Kuti apange chakudya chake, bowa amatulutsa timadzi tinatake tamphamvu kwambiri tomwe timasintha manyowa kuti akhale chakudya chake. Kapangidwe ka chakudya kameneka kamasiyanitsanso bowa ndi nyama. Choncho popeza kuti bowa sali m’gulu la zomera kapena nyama, asayansi amaika bowa m’gulu lakelake.”

Noel anapitiriza kufotokoza kuti: “Bowa wam’tchire akakhwima amatulutsa tinjere ting’onoting’ono tambirimbiri. Tinjereti tikasakanikirana ndi  tinjere ta bowa wina timamera. Tinjereti tikagwera panthaka ya chinyezi pomwenso pali chakudya chokwanira, timamera n’kukhala bowa watsopano. Alimi a bizinezi ya bowa amasakaniza njere zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa n’cholinga choti akhale ndi mtundu wa bowa wabwino komanso wobereka kwambiri.”

Pamene tinkapitiriza kuyendera famu ya Noel, iye anatifotokozeranso kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa imameranso bwino m’malo osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, bowa wa kamchombo, amene amapezeka kwambiri m’madera osiyanasiyana padziko lonse, amakula bwino pa manyowa. Mitundu ina ya bowa imakula bwino ikabzalidwa m’matumba momwe muli manyowa a zomera komanso m’mabotolo momwe muli mbewu monga mpunga. Mitundu ina imamera bwino ikabzalidwa pachikuni kapena pa utuchi. Pa mitundu masauzande ambiri a bowa omwe alipo, ndi mitundu 60 yokha imene alimi amabzala kuti azigulitsa.

Noel amabzala bowa wake malo enaake amdima amene kale kunkadutsa sitima, pafupi ndi tawuni ya Mittagong. Iye anati: “Malo amenewa ndi abwino kwambiri kubzala bowa chifukwa ndi achinyezi komanso ozizira bwino.” Titapita kumalo amenewa tinakaona mizere ya matumba, miphika komanso mabotolo, muli bowa wamitundu komanso masaizi osiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina ya bowa inkaoneka ngati maluwa okongola kwambiri a Rose ndipo ina inkaoneka ngati maluwa okongola omwe awamanga pamodzi pomwe ina inkaoneka ngati ambulela. Tinachita chidwi kwambiri ndi mmene bowayo ankaonekera.

Ndi Wokoma Komanso Amagwira Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana

Noel anafotokozanso kuti: “Anthu ambiri amasangalala ndi mmene bowa amaonekera koma sadziwa kaphikidwe kake. Komabe bowa ndi wosavuta kuphika chifukwa ena amangomuduladula n’kumukazinga. Ena amam’phika kuti akhale msuzi wa bowa pomwe ena amamuika mu saladi kapena kungomuwotcha. Koma ineyo ndimakonda bowa winawake wotchedwa oyster, makamaka ndikamusakaniza ndi  nyenyeswa za buledi kenako n’kumukazinga m’mafuta. Palinso mtundu wina wa bowa wotchedwa shiitake womwe umakoma ngati nyama ukauphika limodzi ndi mazira.”

Bowa amapatsa thanzi chifukwa muli mapulotini, michere yofunika m’thupi ndi mavitamini. Komanso pali mitundu 2,000 ya bowa imene imathandiza thupi kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, zinthu zina zimene amazichotsa m’bowa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi achipatala m’njira zosiyanasiyana zoposa 100. Zinthuzi zimathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana monga a khansa, EDZI, matenda a chiwindi, matenda a mu ubongo otchedwa Alzheimer komanso matenda ochuluka mafuta m’thupi.

Koma nthawi zina pamafunika kusamala ndi bowa wam’tchire chifukwa wina amakhala wakupha. Mwachitsanzo, pali bowa winawake wakupha (Amanita phalloides) amene amafanana kwambiri ndi bowa wodyedwa. Choncho si bwino kumangodya bowa mwachisawawa. Muzifunsa ena amene amadziwa bwino bowa kuti akuuzeni ngati ndi wodyedwa kapena ayi. Koma bowa wochita kulima amakhala wabwino kudya. Ndipotu kumbukirani kuti kalelo bowa chinali chakudya cha kunyumba yachifumu.

[Bokosi patsamba 22]

BOWA WAM’TCHIRE

Bowa wam’tchire amakonda kumera m’malo achinyezi, ozizira komanso m’nkhalango zowirira. M’malo amenewa bowa amapeza chakudya chake kuchokera ku mitengo yakufa, zomera zina ndiponso ndowe zanyama. Bowa wina amamera pamitengo. Bowayu amapeza chakudya chake kumtengowo pomwe mtengowo umapezanso chakudya kuchokera ku bowayo.

[Bokosi patsamba 23]

ZINTHU ZOYENERA KUDZIWA ZOKHUDZA BOWA

• Mukamasunga bowa m’firiji muzimukulunga papepala kapena pa kansalu. Musamaike bowa pafupi ndi zinthu zafungo lamphamvu chifukwa fungolo limalowerera m’bowamo mosavuta.

• Ngati mukudya bowa wosaphika, muzimupukuta ndi kansalu konyowa kapena muzimutsuka ndi madzi n’kumupukuta ndi kansalu. Musamamuviike m’madzi.

• Ngati mukuphika bowa, muzingochotsa dothi m’malo momutsuka.

• Musamachotse kakhungu ka kunja kwa bowa chifukwa ndi kamene kamapatsa thanzi komanso kamakoma kwambiri.

[Chithunzi patsamba 21]

Alimi amabzala bowa m’nyumba zapadera zotentha bwino

[Chithunzi patsamba 22]

Bowa wina amaoneka ngati maluwa okongola

[Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Bowa wowotcha atasakanizamo tinan’tina tokometsera

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 21]

Courtesy of the Mushroom Information Center

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Top: Courtesy of the Mushroom Information Center; bottom: Courtesy of the Australian Mushroom Growers Association