Kodi Mukudziwa?
Kodi anthu akale ankagwiritsa ntchito gumbwa popanga maboti?
Gumbwa
ANTHU ambiri amadziwa kuti kale ku Iguputo ankagwiritsa ntchito gumbwa popanga mapepala olembapo. Nawonso Agiriki ndi Aroma ankalemba pamapepala opangidwa ndi gumbwa. * Koma ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa kuti gumbwa ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga maboti.
Zitsanzo za maboti a gumbwa omwe anawapeza pa zithunzi m’manda a ku Iguputo
Zaka zoposa 2,500 zapitazo, mneneri Yesaya analemba kuti anthu okhala “m’chigawo cha mitsinje ya ku Itiyopiya,” anatumiza ‘nthumwi zawo panyanja m’ngalawa zoyenda pamadzi zopangidwa ndi gumbwa.’ Kenako mneneri Yeremiya ananeneratu kuti Amedi ndi Aperisi akamadzawononga mzinda wa Babulo, adzawotcha “ngalawa za gumbwa” n’cholinga choti Ababulowo asathawe.—Yes. 18:1, 2; Yer. 51:32.
Baibulo ndi louziridwa ndi Mulungu, choncho anthu amene amalikhulupirira sangadabwe kuona kuti ofukula zinthu zakale apeza zinthu zosonyeza kuti kalelo anthu ankagwiritsa ntchito gumbwa popanga maboti. (2 Tim. 3:16) Ndiye kodi ofukula zinthu zakalewa apeza zotani? Iwo apeza umboni woti kale ku Iguputo ankapanga maboti pogwiritsa ntchito gumbwa.
KODI MABOTI A GUMBWA ANKAPANGIDWA BWANJI?
Zithunzi zojambulidwa m’makoma zomwe anazipeza m’manda a ku Iguputo zimasonyeza anthu akudula gumbwa n’kumapangira maboti. Ankati akadula gumbwa ankamumanga m’mitolo ndipo kenako ankamanganso mitoloyo pamodzi. Popeza thunthu la gumbwa amene ankagwiritsa ntchito limakhala ndi makona atatu, gumbwayo akamangidwa pamodzi amagwirana kwambiri. Buku lina lofotokoza mbiri yakale ya ku Iguputo, linanena kuti maboti ankatha kutalika mamita 17 ndipo ankatha kukhala ndi zopalasila 10 kapena 12 mbali iliyonse.—A Companion to Ancient Egypt.
Zogoba za ku Iguputo zosonyeza mmene ankapangira maboti a gumbwa
N’CHIFUKWA CHIYANI OPANGA MABOTI ANKAGWIRITSA NTCHITO GUMBWA?
Gumbwa ankapezeka wambiri m’chigwa cha mtsinje wa Nile. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, maboti a gumbwa anali osavuta kupanga. Ngakhale kuti patapita nthawi anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa popanga maboti akuluakulu, zikuoneka kuti asodzi komanso alenje ankagwiritsabe ntchito maboti ang’onoang’ono opangidwa ndi gumbwa.
Anthu anakhala akugwiritsa ntchito maboti opangidwa ndi gumbwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Wolemba mabuku wina wa Chigiriki dzina lake Plutarch, yemwe anakhala ndi moyo mu nthawi ya atumwi, ananena kuti pa nthawi imeneyo anthu ankagwiritsabe ntchito maboti opangidwa ndi gumbwa.
^ ndime 3 Gumbwa amakula bwino m’madambo komanso malo amene madzi ake sathamanga kwambiri. Chomerachi chimatha kutalika mpaka mamita 5, ndipo m’munsi mwa thunthu lake mumatha kufika masentimita 15.
