“Kopanda Fanizo Sanalankhula Kanthu kwa Iwo”

“Yesu anaziphiphiritsira m’mafanizo kwa makamu a anthu; ndipo kopanda fanizo sanalankhula kanthu kwa iwo.”​—MATEYU 13:34.

1, 2. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani mafanizo ogwira mtima saiŵalika msanga? (b) Kodi Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo otani, ndipo pali mafunso ati okhudza kugwiritsa kwake ntchito mafanizo? (Onaninso mawu a m’munsi.)

KODI mungakumbukire fanizo limene munamva, kaya ndi m’nkhani ya anthu onse, zaka zambiri zapitazo? Mafanizo ogwira mtima saiŵalika msanga. Wolemba mabuku wina anati mafanizo “amachititsa zimene munthu wamva kukhala ngati akuziona ndipo zimathandiza omverawo kukhala ndi zithunzi m’maganizo mwawo.” Popeza nthaŵi zambiri zithunzi zimathandiza kwambiri kuti timvetse bwino, mafanizo angatithandize kutolapo mfundo mosavuta. Mafanizo angathandize kuti mawu amveke bwino, kuphunzitsa maphunziro amene amakhazikika m’maganizo mwathu.

² Palibe mphunzitsi aliyense padziko lapansi amene anagwiritsa ntchito mwaluso mafanizo kuposa Yesu Kristu. Mafanizo a Yesu ambirimbiri timawakumbukira mosavuta ngakhale kuti patha zaka pafupifupi 2,000 kuchokera pamene anawafotokoza. * N’chifukwa chiyani anagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira yophunzitsira imeneyi? Ndipo n’chiyani chinachititsa mafanizo ake kukhala ogwira mtima kwambiri?

Chifukwa Chake Yesu Anaphunzitsa ndi Mafanizo

3. (a) Malinga ndi Mateyu 13:34, 35, kodi chifukwa choyamba chimene Yesu anagwiritsira ntchito mafanizo n’chiti? (b) N’chiyani chikusonyeza kuti Yehova amaona njira yophunzitsira imeneyi kukhala yofunika kwambiri?

³ Baibulo limapereka zifukwa zofunika ziŵiri zimene Yesu anagwiritsira ntchito mafanizo.  Choyamba, anafuna kukwaniritsa ulosi. Mtumwi Mateyu analemba kuti: “Yesu anaziphiphiritsira m’mafanizo kwa makamu a anthu; ndipo kopanda fanizo sanalankhula kanthu kwa iwo; kuti chikachitidwe chonenedwa ndi mneneri, kuti, Ndidzatsegula pakamwa panga ndi mafanizo.” (Mateyu 13:34, 35) “Mneneri” amene Mateyu anamugwira mawu ndi amene analemba Salmo 78:2. Wamasalmo ameneyu analemba mouziridwa ndi mzimu wa Mulungu zaka zambirimbiri Yesu asanabadwe. Kodi si zochititsa chidwi kuti zaka mazana ambiri zimenezi zisanachitike, Yehova ananeneratu kuti Mwana wake adzaphunzitsa ndi mafanizo? N’zosachita kufunsa kuti Yehova amaona njira yophunzitsira imeneyi kukhala yofunika kwambiri.

4. Kodi Yesu anati anagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo chifukwa chiyani?

⁴ Chachiŵiri, Yesuyo anafotokoza kuti anagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo kuti apatulepo anthu amene mitima yawo inali yosalabadira. Atauza “makamu ambiri a anthu” fanizo la nthano ya wofesa mbewu, ophunzira ake anamufunsa kuti: “Chifukwa chanji muphiphiritsira iwo m’mafanizo?” Yesu anayankha kuti: “Chifukwa kwapatsidwa kwa inu kudziŵa zinsinsi za Ufumu wa Kumwamba, koma sikunapatsidwa kwa iwo. Chifukwa chake ndiphiphiritsira iwo m’mafanizo; chifukwa kuti akuona samaona, ndi akumva samamva, kapena samadziŵitsa. Ndipo adzachitidwa kwa iwo mawu adanenera Yesaya, amene ati, Pakumva mudzamva, ndipo simudzazindikira konse; pakupenya mudzapenya, ndipo simudzaona konse; chifukwa unalemera mtima wa anthu aŵa.”​—Mateyu 13:2, 10, 11, 13-15; Yesaya 6:9, 10.

5. Kodi mafanizo a Yesu anasiyanitsa bwanji omvera odzichepetsa ndi onyada?

⁵ Kodi mafanizo a Yesu anasiyanitsa bwanji anthu? Nthaŵi zina, omvera ake anafunika kufufuza mozama kuti apeze tanthauzo lonse la mawu ake. Zimenezi zinalimbikitsa anthu odzichepetsa kufunsa kuti adziŵe zambiri. (Mateyu 13:36; Marko 4:34) Motero, mafanizo a Yesu anavumbula choonadi kwa amene mitima yawo inali kuchilakalaka. Komanso, mafanizo akewo anabisira choonadi anthu a mitima yonyada. Ee, Yesu analidi mphunzitsi wodabwitsa. Tiyeni tsopano tione zina zimene zinachititsa mafanizo ake kukhala ogwira mtima.

Kusankha Mfundo Zoti Azifotokoze Mwatsatanetsatane

6-8. (a) Kodi omvera a Yesu a m’nthaŵi imeneyo analibe mwayi wotani? (b) Kodi ndi zitsanzo ziti zimene zikusonyeza kuti Yesu anali kusankha mfundo zoti afotokoze mwatsatanetsatane?

⁶ Kodi munaganizapo mmene ziyenera kuti zinalili kwa ophunzira a m’nthaŵi imeneyo amene anamva Yesu akuphunzitsa? Ngakhale kuti anali ndi mwayi wapadera womva mawu a Yesu, iwo analibe mwayi wa mabuku oti angaŵerenge kuti akumbukire zimene iye ananena. M’malo mwake, anafunika kusunga mawu a Yesu m’maganizo ndi m’mitima yawo. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso mafanizo, Yesu anathandiza anthuwo kuti asamavutike kukumbukira zimene anawaphunzitsa. Motani?

⁷ Yesu anali kusankha mfundo zoti azifotokoze mwatsatanetsatane. Ngati mfundo zinali zogwirizana ndi nkhaniyo kapena ngati zinali zofunika kuti azigogomezere, iye anali kuonetsetsa kuti wazifotokoza. Motero, iye anafotokoza kuti ndi nkhosa zingati kwenikweni zimene zinatsala m’mbuyo pamene mwini wake anapita kukafunafuna nkhosa yosokera, ndi maora angati amene antchito anakhala akugwira ntchito m’munda wampesa, ndiponso ndi matalente angati amene anaperekedwa kwa akapolo.​—Mateyu 18:12-14; 20:1-16; 25:14-30.

⁸ Komanso anali kusiya mfundo zosafunika zimene zikanadodometsa kumvetsa tanthauzo la mafanizowo. Mwachitsanzo, m’fanizo la kapolo wopanda chifundo, sanafotokoze kuti zinakhala bwanji kuti kapoloyo akhale ndi ngongole ya ndalama zokwana matalente zikwi khumi. Yesu anali kutsindika kufunika kwa kukhululuka. Chomwe chinali chofunika kwambiri si zimene anachita kuti akhale ndi ngongole, koma mmene ngongole yake inakhululukidwira ndiponso zimene anachita kwa kapolo mnzake amene anam’kongola ndalama zochepa kwambiri poyerekezera ndi zimene iye anakhululukidwazo. (Mateyu 18:23-35) N’chimodzimodzinso ndi fanizo la mwana woloŵerera, Yesu sanafotokoze chifukwa chake mwana wamng’onoyo anafuna choloŵa chake mosayembekezereka ndiponso chifukwa chake anachimwaza. Koma Yesu anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mmene atate wake anamvera  ndi zimene anachita pamene mwana wawoyo anasintha mtima wake ndi kubwerera kumudzi. Mfundo zofotokoza zimene atate akewo anachita zinali zofunika kwambiri pa mfundo ya Yesu yakuti Yehova amakhululukira “koposa.”​—Yesaya 55:7; Luka 15:11-32.

9, 10. (a) Pofotokoza za anthu a m’mafanizo ake, kodi Yesu anatsindika chiyani? (b) Kodi Yesu anathandiza bwanji kuti omvera ake pamodzi ndi ena asavutike kukumbukira mafanizo ake?

⁹ Yesu analinso kusamala kwambiri pofotokoza za anthu a m’mafanizo ake. M’malo mofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mmene anthuwo anali kuonekera, Yesu nthaŵi zambiri anatsindika zimene anthuwo anachita kapena mmene anachitira m’nkhani imene anali kufotokozayo. N’chifukwa chake, m’malo mofotokoza mmene Msamariya wachifundo anali kuonekera, Yesu anafotokoza zimene zinali zofunika kwambiri​—mmene Msamariyayo anathandizira mwachifundo Myuda wovulala amene anali gone m’njira. Yesu anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mfundo zimene zinali zofunika pophunzitsa kuti anansi omwe tiyenera kuwakonda akuphatikizaponso anthu a fuko kapena mtundu wina.​—Luka 10:29, 33-37.

¹⁰ Kusankha mfundo zofunika kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kunathandiza mafanizo a Yesu kukhala aafupi ndiponso osachulutsa gaga m’diŵa. Motero iye anathandiza kuti omvera ake a m’nthaŵi imeneyo, ndiponso anthu ena osaŵerengeka amene anali kudzaŵerenga Mauthenga Abwino ouziridwa, asavutike kukumbukira mafanizowo pamodzi ndi maphunziro ake ofunika.

Mafanizo a Zochitika Pamoyo wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku

11. Perekani zitsanzo zimene zikusonyeza kuti mafanizo a Yesu anali a zinthu zimene mosakayika ankaziona pamene anali kukula m’Galileya.

¹¹ Yesu anali katswiri pogwiritsa ntchito mafanizo okhudza miyoyo ya anthu. Mafanizo ake ambiri amasonyeza zinthu zimene ayenera kuti ankaziona pamene anali kukula m’Galileya. Taganizirani kwa nthaŵi yochepa za moyo wake ali mwana. Kodi si nthaŵi zambiri zimene anaona mayi ake akuwotcha mkate wothira chotupitsa mwa kutenga mtanda wofufuma umene unatsala powotcha mikate ndi kuugwiritsa ntchito monga chotupitsa? (Mateyu 13:33) Kodi si nthaŵi zambiri zimene anaona asodzi akuponya makoka awo m’madzi a mbee m’Nyanja ya Galileya? (Mateyu 13:47) Kodi si nthaŵi zambiri zimene anaona ana akuseŵera pamsika? (Mateyu 11:16) Mwachionekere, Yesu anaonanso zinthu zina zofala zimene anazigwiritsa ntchito m’mafanizo ake, monga: kufesa mbewu, mapwando a ukwati osangalatsa ndiponso minda ya mbewu zomwe zinali kucha ndi dzuŵa.​—Mateyu 13:3-8; 25:1-12; Marko 4:26-29.

12, 13. Kodi fanizo la Yesu la tirigu ndi namsongole likusonyeza bwanji kuti ankadziŵa zimene zinkachitika m’deralo?

 ¹² Motero, n’zosadabwitsa kuti zochitika za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku zimaonekera m’mafanizo a Yesu ankhaninkhani. Choncho, pofuna kumvetsetsa luso lake pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzitsira imeneyi, n’kothandiza kuona momwe mawu ake anakhudzira Ayuda amene anali kumumvera. Tiyeni tione zitsanzo ziŵiri.

¹³ Choyamba, m’fanizo la tirigu ndi namsongole, Yesu anasimba za munthu amene anafesa tirigu wabwino m’munda wake koma “mdani” analoŵa m’mundamo n’kufesa namsongole. N’chifukwa chiyani Yesu anasankha nkhani yosonyeza udani waukulu imeneyi? Eya, kumbukirani kuti anafotokoza fanizo limeneli pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Galileya, ndipo ntchito yaikulu ya anthu a ku Galileya inali ulimi. Kodi panalinso china chimene chikanam’pweteka mtima mlimi kuposa kuti mdani wake apite kumunda kwake mozemba n’kukafesamonso namsongole yemwe ndi wowononga? Malamulo a nthaŵi imeneyo amasonyeza kuti zimenezi zinkachitikadi. Kodi si zoonekeratu apa kuti Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito zochitika zimene omvera ake anatha kuzimva?​—Mateyu 13:1, 2, 24-30.

14. N’chifukwa chiyani n’zochititsa chidwi kuti m’fanizo la Msamariya wachifundo, Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito njira ‘yochokera ku Yerusalemu kumka ku Yeriko’ pofuna kutsindika mfundo yake?

¹⁴ Chachiŵiri, kumbukirani fanizo la Msamariya wachifundo. Yesu anayamba ndi kuti: “Munthu wina anatsika kuchokera ku Yerusalemu kumka ku Yeriko; ndipo anagwa m’manja a achifwamba amene anam’vula zovala, nam’kwapula, nachoka atam’siya wofuna kufa.” (Luka 10:30) N’zochititsa chidwi kuti Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito njira ‘yochokera ku Yerusalemu kumka ku Yeriko’ pofuna kutsindika mfundo yake. Anafotokoza fanizo limeneli ali ku Yudeya, pafupi ndi Yerusalemu; motero omvera ake mwachionekere anali kuidziŵa njirayo. Komanso ankadziŵa kuti inali yoopsa kwambiri, makamaka ngati munthu ali yekha. Inali njira yokhotakhota imene inadutsa m’dera lopanda anthu, motero kunali malo ambiri obisalako achifwamba.

15. N’chifukwa chiyani palibe anganene kuti wansembe ndi Mleviyo anayeneradi kusasamala munthuyo m’fanizo la Msamariya wachifundo?

¹⁵ Palinso mfundo ina yochititsa chidwi pamene Yesu anatchula njira ‘yotsikira kuchokera ku Yerusalemu kumka ku Yeriko.’ Malinga ndi nkhaniyi, choyamba wansembe ndipo kenako Mlevi anadzeranso njira yomweyo, ngakhale kuti onsewo sanaime kuti amuthandize wovulalayo. (Luka 10:31, 32) Ansembe anali kutumikira pakachisi ku Yerusalemu, ndipo Alevi anali kuwathandiza. Ansembe ndi Alevi ambiri anali kukhala ku Yeriko ngati sanali kugwira ntchito pakachisi, popeza kuchokera ku Yerusalemu kukafika ku Yeriko panali mtunda wa makilomita 23 okha basi. Choncho mosakayikira, iwo ankayenda m’njira imeneyo nthaŵi zina. Onaninso kuti wansembeyo  ndi Mleviyo anatsikira njirayo “kuchokera ku Yerusalemu,” motero iwo anali kuchokera kukachisi. * Chotero, palibe amene anganene kuti anthuwo anayeneradi kusasamala munthuyo mwa kunena kuti, ‘Anapeŵa kum’khudza munthu wovulalayo chifukwa ankaoneka ngati wafa, ndipo kukhudza mtembo kukanawapangitsa kusayenerera kutumikira pa kachisi kwa kanthaŵi.’ (Levitiko 21:1; Numeri 19:11, 16) Kodi si zoonekeratu kuti mafanizo a Yesu anali a zinthu zimene omvera ake anali kuzidziŵa?

Mafanizo a Zinthu Zachilengedwe

16. N’chifukwa chiyani n’zosadabwitsa kuti Yesu anali kudziŵa kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe?

¹⁶ Mafanizo ambiri a Yesu anasonyeza kuti iye anali kudziŵa bwino zomera, nyama, ndi nyengo. (Mateyu 6:26, 28-30; 16:2, 3) Kodi anazidziŵira kuti zimenezi? Pamene anali kukula mu Galileya, mosakayikira anali ndi mpata wokwanira woona zimene Yehova analenga. Ndiponso, Yesu ndiye “wobadwa woyamba wa chilengedwe chonse,” ndipo Yehova anamugwiritsa ntchito ngati “mmisiri” polenga zinthu zonse. (Akolose 1:15, 16; Miyambo 8:30, 31) Kodi n’zodabwitsa kuti Yesu anali kudziŵa kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe? Tiyeni tione mmene anagwiritsira ntchito mwaluso zimene anali kudziŵazi pophunzitsa.

17, 18. (a) Kodi mawu a Yesu amene ali m’buku la Yohane chaputala 10 akusonyeza bwanji kuti ankadziŵa makhalidwe a nkhosa? (b) Kodi anthu amene anakachezapo ku madera otchulidwa m’Baibulo anaona chiyani pankhani ya mmene abusa amagwirizanira ndi nkhosa zawo?

¹⁷ Limodzi mwa mafanizo a Yesu osonyeza kwambiri chikondi ndilo fanizo limene lili m’buku la Yohane chaputala 10, pamene anayerekezera ubwenzi wake wapamtima ndi otsatira ake ndi ubwenzi wa mbusa ndi nkhosa zake. Mawu a Yesu akusonyeza kuti anali kudziŵa kwambiri makhalidwe a nkhosa zoŵeta. Anasonyeza kuti nkhosa zimafuna kutsogoleredwa ndiponso kuti zimatsatira mbusa wawo mokhulupirika. (Yohane 10:2-4) Anthu amene anakachezapo ku madera otchulidwa m’Baibulo anaona mmene abusa amagwirizanira ndi nkhosa zawo. M’zaka za m’ma 1800, katswiri wina wa zachilengedwe, H. B. Tristram anati: “Nthaŵi ina ndinaona mbusa akuseŵera ndi nkhosa zake. Ankayerekezera ngati akuzithaŵa, ndiyeno nkhosazo zinkamutsatira n’kumuzungulira. . . . Kenako nkhosa zonse zinapanga bwalo mom’zungulira mbusayo n’kumaseŵera naye mom’dumphira.”

¹⁸ N’chifukwa chiyani nkhosa zimatsata mbusa wawo? Yesu anati: “Chifukwa zidziŵa mawu ake.” (Yohane 10:4) Kodi nkhosa zimadziŵadi mawu a mbusa wawo? George A. Smith, atadzionera yekha, analemba m’buku lake la The Historical Geography of the Holy Land kuti: “Nthaŵi zina tinali kupuma masana pafupi ndi chitsime china  mu Yudeya kumene abusa atatu kapena anayi ankabwera ndi nkhosa zawo. Nkhosazo zinkasakanikirana, ndipo tinkadabwa kuti mbusa aliyense azipeza bwanji nkhosa zake. Koma zikamaliza kumwa ndi kuseŵera, abusawo mmodzi ndi mmodzi anali kuloŵera mbali zosiyana za dambolo, ndipo aliyense anaitana momwe amaitanira nkhosa zake. Nkhosa za mbusa aliyense zimachoka m’gululo n’kutsatira mbusa wawo, ndipo zinkachoka mwandondomeko monga mmene zinachitira pobwera.” Motero, Yesu anapeza njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira fanizo mfundo yake. Ngati tizindikira ndi kumvera zimene iye amaphunzitsa ndiponso ngati titsatira utsogoleri wake, ndiye kuti tidzasamaliridwa mwachikondi ndi “Mbusa Wabwino.”​—Yohane 10:11.

Mafanizo a Zochitika Zimene Omvera Ake Anali Kuzidziŵa

19. Potsutsa chikhulupiriro chabodza, kodi Yesu anagwiritsa bwanji ntchito mogwira mtima tsoka limene linachitika m’deralo?

¹⁹ Mafanizo ogwira mtima angakhalenso a zinthu zimene zinachitika kapena zitsanzo zimene munthu angaphunzirepo kanthu. Nthaŵi ina, Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito nkhani ina imene inangochitika kumene potsutsa chikhulupiriro chabodza chakuti tsoka limagwera anthu amene anayenerera kukumana nalo. Iye anati: “Iwo aja khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu, amene nsanja yaitali ya m’Siloamu inawagwera, ndi kuwapha; kodi muyesa kuti iwo anali olakwa koposa anthu onse akukhala m’Yerusalemu?” (Luka 13:4) Yesu anatsutsa mwamphamvu maganizo akuti zinthu zimene zimachitika zimakhala kuti anakonzeratu kuti zidzatero. Anthu 18 amenewo sanawonongeke chifukwa cha machimo ena ake amene anachititsa Mulungu kuipidwa nawo. M’malo mwake, iwo anamwalira momvetsa chisoni chifukwa cha nthaŵi ndi zinthu zongotigwera mosayembekezereka. (Mlaliki 9:11) Motero iye anatsutsa chiphunzitso chabodza mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zomwe omvera ake anali kuzidziŵa.

20, 21. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani Afarisi anadzudzula ophunzira a Yesu? (b) Kodi ndi nkhani ya m’Malemba iti imene Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito posonyeza kuti Yehova sanafune kuti lamulo lake la Sabata litanthauziridwe monkitsa? (c) Tikambirana chiyani m’nkhani yotsatirayi?

²⁰ Yesu pophunzitsa, anagwiritsanso ntchito zitsanzo za m’Malemba. Takumbukirani nthaŵi imene Afarisi anadzudzula ophunzira ake chifukwa chobudula ngala n’kumadya pa Sabata. Kwenikweni, ophunzirawo sanaswe Lamulo la Mulungu, koma anaswa zimene Afarisi amati zinali zosaloleka pa Sabata malinga ndi kutanthauzira kwawo konkitsa. Pofuna kusonyeza kuti Mulungu sanafune kuti lamulo lake la Sabata litanthauziridwe monkitsa, Yesu anatchula zochitika zimene zili pa 1 Samueli 21:3-6. Pamene Davide ndi anyamata ake anali ndi njala, anaima pa chihema ndi kudya mikate yopatulika imene anakachotsa n’kuikako ina. Mikate yakaleyo nthaŵi zonse anali kuiika pambali kuti ansembe adye. Komabe, malinga ndi mmene zinthu zinalili, Davide ndi anyamata ake sanawadzudzule chifukwa cha kudya mikateyo. N’zochititsa chidwi kuti ndi nkhani yokhayi m’Baibulo imene imasimba za anthu amene sanali ansembe amene anagwiritsa ntchito mikate yopatulika. Yesu anadziŵa nkhani yoti agwiritse ntchito yogwirizana ndendende ndi mfundo yake, ndipo mosakayika omvera ake achiyudawo anali kuidziŵa nkhani imeneyi.​—Mateyu 12:1-8.

²¹ Kunena zoona, Yesu anali Mphunzitsi Wamkulu. Timadabwadi ndi luso lake losayerekezereka pophunzitsa choonadi chofunika kwambiri mwa njira imene omvera ake anatha kumva. Koma kodi tingamutsanzire bwanji tikamaphunzitsa? Tikambirana zimenezi m’nkhani yotsatira.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

Kodi Mukukumbukira?

• N’chifukwa chiyani Yesu anaphunzitsa ndi mafanizo?

• N’chitsanzo chiti chimene chikusonyeza kuti Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo amene omvera ake a m’nthaŵi imeneyo anatha kumva?

• Kodi Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito bwanji mwaluso m’mafanizo ake zinthu zachilengedwe zimene ankadziŵa?

• Kodi Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito bwanji zochitika zimene omvera ake anali kuzidziŵa?

[Mafunso]

[Zithunzi patsamba 15]

Yesu anasimba za kapolo amene anakana kukhululuka ngongole ya ndalama zochepa chabe ndiponso za atate amene anakhululukira mwana amene anamwaza choloŵa chake chonse

[Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Kodi mfundo ya Yesu m’fanizo la Msamariya wachifundo inali yotani?

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Kodi nkhosa zimadziŵadi mawu a mbusa wawo?