Kodi Nkhani ya Nowa Ili ndi Tanthauzo kwa Ife?

PAMENE anali kufotokoza ulosi wonena za chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwake ndi mapeto a dzikoli, Yesu anati: “Monga masiku a Nowa, kotero kudzakhala kufika kwake kwa Mwana wa munthu.” (Mateyu 24:3, 37) Mwachionekere, Yesu analosera kuti zinthu zimene zikuchitika nthaŵi yathu ino n’zofanana ndi zimene zinkachitika mu nthaŵi ya Nowa. Nkhani yodalirika komanso yolondola yofotokoza zimene zinachitika mu nthaŵi ya Nowa ingakhale ngati chuma cha mtengo wapatali.

Kodi nkhani ya Nowa ili ngati chuma choterocho? Kodi ili ndi umboni wosonyeza kuti zinthuzo zinachitikadi? Kodi n’zothekadi kudziŵa kuti Chigumulacho chinachitika liti?

Kodi Chigumula Chinachitika Liti?

M’Baibulo muli madeti a zinthu amene amatithandiza kuti tiŵerengere chobwerera m’mbuyo mpaka kufika pamene anthu anayambira. Pa Genesis 5:1-29, pali ndandanda ya mabanja a anthu kuyambira pamene munthu woyamba, Adamu, analengedwa mpaka pamene Nowa anabadwa. Chigumula chinayamba “chaka cha mazana asanu ndi limodzi cha moyo wa Nowa.”​—Genesis 7:11.

Kuti tidziŵe kuti Chigumula chinachitika liti tiyenera kuyamba ndi deti lofunika komanso lodziŵika bwino kwambiri. Tikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuyamba ndi deti lodziŵika bwino m’mbiri komanso limene chinthu chinachake cholembedwa m’Baibulo chinachitika. Kuyambira pa deti lodziŵika bwino limeneli, tikhoza kuŵerengera n’kupeza deti limene Chigumula chinachitika malinga ndi kalendala imene timagwiritsa ntchito masiku anoyi.

Deti limodzi loterolo ndi 539 B.C.E., chaka chimene Mfumu ya ku Perisiya Koresi anagonjetsa Babulo. Zinthu zodziŵika zimene zimatithandiza kudziŵa nthaŵi imene Koresi ankalamulira ndi monga miyala yolembedwa ya ku Babulo, komanso zolemba za Diodoro, Africanus, Eusebius, ndi Tolemi. Chifukwa cha lamulo limene Koresi anapereka, Ayuda amene analipo anachoka ku Babulo n’kukafika kwawo m’chaka cha 537 B.C.E. Kumeneku kunali kutha kwa zaka 70 zimene Yuda anakhala bwinja, kumene kunayamba mu 607 B.C.E. malinga ndi mbiri ya Baibulo. Tikaŵerengera zaka zimene oweruza ndi mafumu a Israyeli analamulira, tingathe kudziŵa kuti Ulendo wa Aisrayeli wochoka ku Igupto unachitika mu 1513 B.C.E. Pogwiritsa ntchito madeti a m’Baibulo tingabwerere m’mbuyo zaka 430 kufika pamene pangano la Abrahamu linachitika mu 1943 B.C.E. Kenaka, tiŵerengerenso kubadwa kwa anthu awa ndi zaka zimene anakhalapo: Tera, Nahori, Serugi, Reu, Pelege, Ebere, ndi Sela, komanso Aripakasadi, amene anabadwa “chitapita chigumula zaka ziŵiri.” (Genesis 11:10-32) Choncho, tingathe kuona kuti Chigumula chinayamba m’chaka cha 2370 B.C.E. *

Kuyambika kwa Chigumula

Tisanafotokoze zimene zinachitika mu nthaŵi ya Nowa, ŵerengani Genesis chaputala 7 vesi 11 mpaka chaputala 8 vesi 4. Ponena za chimvula chimene chinagwa, akutiuza kuti: “Chaka cha mazana asanu ndi limodzi cha moyo wa Nowa [2370 B.C.E.], mwezi wachiŵiri, tsiku lakhumi ndi asanu ndi aŵiri la mwezi, tsiku lomwelo akasupe onse a madzi aakulu anasefuka, ndi mazenera a kumwamba anatseguka.”​—Genesis 7:11.

Nowa anagaŵa chaka m’miyezi 12 ya masiku 30 mwezi uliwonse. M’masiku amenewo, mwezi woyamba unkayamba cha pakatikati pa mwezi wa  September pa kalendala yathu ya masiku ano. Chigumulacho chinayamba “mwezi wachiŵiri, tsiku lakhumi ndi asanu ndi aŵiri la mwezi” ndipo chinapitirira kugwa kwa mausana 40 ndi mausiku 40 m’mwezi wa November ndi December, mu 2370 B.C.E.

Ponena za Chigumulacho, akutiuzanso kuti: “Ndipo anapambana madzi pa dziko lapansi masiku zana kudza makumi asanu. . . . Ndipo madzi anaphweraphwerabe pa dziko lapansi: pamene anatha masiku zana limodzi kudza makumi atatu [makumi asanu, NW] madzi anachepa. Ndipo chingalawa chinaima pa mapiri a Ararati, mwezi wachisanu ndi chiŵiri, tsiku lakhumi ndi asanu ndi aŵiri la mwezi.” (Genesis 7:24–8:4) Choncho, kuyambira pamene madzi anakhuthuka padziko lapansi mpaka pamene anaphwera panatha masiku 150, kapena miyezi isanu. Chingalawacho ndiye kuti chinaima pa mapiri a Ararati mu April, 2369 B.C.E.

Tsopano mungaŵerenge Genesis 8:5-17. Nsonga za mapiri zinaoneka pafupifupi miyezi iŵiri ndi theka (masiku 73) pambuyo pake, mu “mwezi wakhumi [June]; tsiku loyamba mwezi.” (Genesis 8:5) * Patatha miyezi itatu (masiku 90), mu “chaka cha mazana asanu ndi limodzi kudza chimodzi, mwezi woyamba, tsiku loyamba mwezi” cha moyo wa Nowa, kapena kuti pakati pa September mu 2369 B.C.E., Nowa anachotsa chindwi pa chingalawa. Ndiyeno anaona kuti “padauma pa dziko lapansi.” (Genesis 8:13) Pambuyo pa mwezi umodzi ndi masiku 27 (masiku 57), mu “mwezi wachiŵiri tsiku la makumi aŵiri kudza asanu ndi aŵiri la mwezi [pakati pa November, 2369 B.C.E.], lidauma dziko lapansi.” Apa m’pamene Nowa ndi banja lake anatuluka m’chingalawa kupita pa nthaka youma. Choncho, Nowa ndi ena onsewo anatha chaka chimodzi ndi masiku khumi malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi (masiku 370) m’chingalawamo.​—Genesis 8:14.

Kodi nkhani yolembedwa mwatsatanetsatane imeneyi yosonyeza zochitika, ndondomeko ya zochitikazo, komanso nthaŵi yake ikusonyezanji? Ikusonyeza kuti mneneri wachihebri Mose,  amene mwachiwonekere analemba buku la Genesis pogwiritsa ntchito zolembedwa zimene anapatsidwa, analemba zinthu zochitikadi, osati nthano ayi. Choncho, Chigumula chili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwa ife lerolino.

Kodi Anthu Ena Olemba Baibulo Anaganiza Chiyani za Chigumula?

Pambali pa zimene zinalembedwa mu Genesis, m’Baibulo mulinso malo ena ambiri amene amatchula za Nowa kapena Chigumula. Mwachitsanzo:

(1) Munthu wochita kafukufuku Ezara anaphatikizapo Nowa ndi ana ake aamuna (Semu, Hamu ndi Yafeti) pa ndandanda ya mafuko a ana a Israyeli.​—1 Mbiri 1:4-17.

(2) Luka, dokotala amene analemba Uthenga Wabwino, anaika Nowa pa ndandanda ya anthu a m’fuko la makolo a Yesu Kristu.​—Luka 3:36.

(3) Mtumwi Petro polembera Akristu anzake anatchula nkhani ya Chigumula malo angapo ndithu.​—2 Petro 2:5; 3:5, 6.

(4) Mtumwi Paulo anafotokoza za chikhulupiriro chachikulu chimene Nowa anasonyeza mwa kumanga chingalawa choti chipulumutse anthu a m’banja lake.​—Ahebri 11:7.

Kodi tingachite kukayikiranso zoti olemba Baibulo ouziridwa ameneŵa ankaikhulupirira nkhani ya Chigumula yopezeka m’Genesis? Mosachita kufunsa, anthu ameneŵa ankakhulupirira kuti zimenezi zinachitikadi.

Zimene Yesu Ananena za Chigumula

Yesu Kristu anakhalapo ndi moyo asanakhale munthu. (Miyambo 8:30, 31) Iye anali kumwamba monga cholengedwa chauzimu panthaŵi ya Chigumula. Choncho, popeza Yesu anachita kuziona zinthuzo zikuchitika, umboni wake wa m’Malemba  ndi umene umatitsimikiziradi koposa zonse kuti nkhani ya Nowa ndi Chigumula ndi yoona. Yesu anati: “Monga masiku a Nowa, kotero kudzakhala kufika kwake kwa Mwana wa munthu. Pakuti monga m’masiku aja, chisanafike chigumula, anthu analinkudya ndi kumwa, analikukwatira ndi kukwatiwa, kufikira tsiku limene Nowa analoŵa m’chingalawa, ndipo iwo sanadziŵa kanthu, kufikira kumene chigumula chinadza, chinapululutsa iwo onse, kotero kudzakhala kufika kwake kwa Mwana wa munthu.”​—Mateyu 24:37-39.

Kodi Yesu akanagwiritsa ntchito nthano chabe kutichenjeza za kubwera kwa mapeto a dzikoli? Kutalitali! Tili ndi chikhulupiriro kuti Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chenicheni cha chiweruzo chimene Mulungu anapereka pa anthu oipa. Zoonadi, miyoyo inawonongeka, koma tingalimbikitsidwe podziŵa kuti Nowa ndi banja lake anapulumuka pa Chigumula chimenecho.

“Masiku a Nowa” ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwa anthu amene ali ndi moyo masiku ano, pa nthaŵi ya “kufika kwake kwa Mwana wa munthu,” Yesu Kristu. Tikamaŵerenga nkhani yatsatanetsatane ya Chigumula cha padziko lonse imene inasungidwa ndi Nowa, tingakhale otsimikiza kuti tikuŵerenga nkhani yoti inachitikadi. Ndipo nkhani youziridwa ndi Mulungu ya Chigumula imene inalembedwa mu Genesis ili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwa ife. Monga mmene Nowa, ana ake, ndi akazi awo anakhulupirira njira ya Mulungu yopulumutsira anthu, nafenso lerolino tingathe kutetezedwa ndi Yehova mwa kukhulupirira nsembe ya dipo ya Yesu. (Mateyu 20:28) Komanso, tikhoza kuyembekezera kudzakhala pa gulu la anthu opulumuka pamene dziko lathu loipa lino likutha, monga mmene nkhani ya Nowa imasonyezera kuti iye ndi banja lake anapulumuka pa Chigumula chimene chinathetsa dziko losaopa Mulungu la nthaŵi imeneyo.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 5]

Kodi Anakhala ndi Moyo Nthaŵi Yaitali Choncho?

BAIBULO limati: “Masiku onse a Nowa anali mazana asanu ndi anayi kudza makumi asanu: ndipo anamwalira.” (Genesis 9:29) Agogo ake a Nowa, Metusela, anakhala ndi moyo zaka 969, zaka zambiri kuposa munthu wina aliyense amene tikudziŵa. Anthu a mibadwo khumi yoyambira pa Adamu mpaka pa Nowa anali kukhala ndi moyo zaka zopitirira 850 pa avereji. (Genesis 5:5-31) Kodi anthu kalelo ankakhala ndi moyo nthaŵi yaitali choncho?

Cholinga cha Mulungu choyambirira chinali choti anthu akhale ndi moyo kosatha. Munthu woyamba, Adamu, analengedwa ndi mwayi woti akhoza kukhala ndi moyo kosatha ngati akanakhala womvera Mulungu. (Genesis 2:15-17) Koma Adamu sanamvere ndipo anataya mwayi umenewo. Atakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 930, zaka zimene pang’onong’ono zimamutengera ku imfa, Adamu anabwerera ku nthaka imene anatengedwako. (Genesis 3:19; 5:5) Munthu woyambayo anasiyira ana ake onse uchimo ndi imfa.​—Aroma 5:12.

Komabe, anthu amene anakhala ndi moyo nthaŵi imeneyo sanali kutali kwambiri ndi moyo woyambirira wangwiro wa Adamu, ndipo zikuoneka kuti n’chifukwa chake ankakhala ndi moyo wautali kusiyana ndi anthu amene anadzabadwa patapita nthaŵi yaitali Adamu atachimwa. Choncho, Chigumula chisanachitike anthu ankakhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 1000, koma pambuyo pa Chigumula moyo wa anthu unafupika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Abrahamu anakhala ndi moyo zaka 175 zokha. (Genesis 25:7) Ndipo zaka 400 pambuyo pa imfa ya kholo lokhulupirika limeneli, Mose analemba kuti: “Masiku a zaka zathu ndiwo zaka makumi asanu ndi aŵiri, kapena tikakhala nayo mphamvu ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu; koma teronso kukula kwawo kumati chivuto ndi chopanda pake.” (Salmo 90:10) Masiku ano, zaka zimene timakhala ndi moyo sizikusiyana ndi zimenezi.

[Tchati/​Zithunzi pamasamba 6, 7]

Kuŵerengera Chobwerera M’mbuyo Kuyambira Pamene Koresi Analamula Ayuda Kubwerera Kwawo Kuchoka ku Ukapolo Mpaka pa Chigumula cha Nowa

537 Lamulo la Koresi *

539 Kugonjetsedwa kwa Babulo ndi Koresi wa

ku Perisiya

Zaka 68

607 Kuyamba kwa zaka 70 zimene Yuda anakhala bwinja

Zaka 906 zimene

atsogoleri,

oweruza,

ndi mafumu a

Israyeli analamulira

1513 Ulendo wa Aisrayeli wochoka ku Igupto

Zaka 430 Zaka 430 zimene ana a Israyeli

anakhala ku Igupto ndi ku Kanani

(Eksodo 12:40, 41)

1943 Pangano la Abrahamu liyamba kugwira ntchito

Zaka 205

2148 Kubadwa kwa Tera

Zaka 222

2370 Kuyambika kwa Chigumula

[Mawu a M’munsi]