Kodi Atsogoleri a Zipembedzo Aziloŵerera M’ndale?

“MKULU wa mabishopu ku Canada wauza anthu ena omwe anapita kukaona malo oyera kuti kuloŵerera m’ndale kungathandize anthu osauka . . . Ngakhale ndalezo zitaoneka kuti sizikugwirizana ndi zimene Mulungu akufuna, ‘tifunika kuloŵereramo kuti tibweretse chilungamo kwa anthu osauka,’” inatero nyuzipepala ya Catholic News.

Sizachilendo kumva zoti atsogoleri a chipembedzo akulimbikitsa zoloŵerera m’ndale; ndiponso sizachilendo kuona atsogoleri a chipembedzo ali ndi udindo m’chipani. Ena ayesa kuchita zinthu zosintha ndale. Ndipo ena amasiriridwa komanso kukumbukiridwa chifukwa cha zomwe anachita polimbikitsa kuti mitundu yonse ya anthu izionedwa mofanana ndiponso kuthetsa ukapolo.

Komabe anthu amene amapita kutchalitchi sasangalala alaliki awo akamaloŵerera m’nkhani za ndale. “Anthu a m’matchalitchi achipulotesitanti ndi amene nthaŵi zina ankadzudzula atsogoleri awo chifukwa choloŵerera m’ndale mochita kuonekera,” inatero nkhani ina yofotokoza za kupembedza kophatikiza ndi ndale yomwe inatuluka m’magazini yotchedwa Christian Century. Anthu ambiri opembedza amaona kuti chipembedzo ndi chopatulika moti sichiyenera kuloŵerera m’ndale.

Zimenezi zikutipatsa mafunso ena ochititsa chidwi omwe ndi ofunika kwa anthu onse amene amalakalaka dzikoli litakhala labwino. Kodi alaliki achikristu angasinthe ndale kuti ziziyenda bwino? * Kodi kulalikira ndale ndi njira yomwe Mulungu akuigwiritsa ntchito pofuna kubweretsa boma ndiponso dziko lapansi labwino? Kodi cholinga choyambirira cha Chikristu chinali kubweretsa ndale zatsopano?

Mmene Atsogoleri a Zipembedzo Anayambira Kuloŵerera M’ndale

M’buku lakuti The Early Church, katswiri wa mbiri yakale Henry Chadwick, ananena kuti mpingo woyambirira wachikristu unkadziŵika kuti “sunkafuna kupeza mphamvu padziko lapansi pano.” Mpingowu “sunkaloŵa m’ndale, unali wabata ndiponso anthu ake sankafuna zolimbana.” Buku lakuti A History of Christianity limati: “Akristu ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti aliyense wa iwo sayenera kukhala ndi udindo wandale . . . ndipo chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 200 Hippolytus anati miyambo yakale kwambiri yachikristu inkafuna kuti woweruza milandu wa boma asiye udindo wakewo pofuna kuloŵa Tchalitchi.” Koma, pang’ono ndi pang’ono anthu omwe ankalakalaka kukhala olamulira anayamba kutsogolera m’mipingo yambiri, n’kumadzipatsa mayina aulemu. (Machitidwe 20:29, 30) Ena ankafuna kukhala atsogoleri a chipembedzo komanso andale. Anthu oterowo anapeza mpata umene ankafunawo boma la Roma litasintha mwadzidzidzi.

 M’chaka cha 312 C.E., Constantine, mfumu yachikunja ya Roma inayamba kusangalatsidwa ndi Chikristu cha dzina lokha. N’zodabwitsa kuti mabishopu analola kuchita mapangano ndi mfumu yachikunjayi chifukwa cha maudindo amene inawapatsa. “Tchalitchi chinayamba kuloŵerera kwambiri pantchito yokonza mfundo zikuluzikulu zandale,” analemba motero Henry Chadwick. Kodi kuloŵerera m’ndale kunawakhudza motani atsogoleri a zipembedzo?

Mmene Ndale Zinakhudzira Atsogoleri a Zipembedzo

Maganizo akuti Mulungu angagwiritse ntchito atsogoleri a zipembedzo kukhala akuluakulu andale analimbikitsidwa makamaka ndi Augustine, wophunzira zaumulungu wachikatolika wa m’zaka za m’ma 400, amene anali wotchuka kwambiri. Iye ankaona kuti tchalitchi chiyenera kulamulira mayiko ndi kupatsa anthu mtendere. Koma katswiri wa mbiri yakale, H. G. Wells analemba kuti: “Kumbali yaikulu, mbiri ya Ulaya, kuyambira m’ma 400 mpaka kudzafika m’ma 1400, ndi nkhani yosonyeza kulephereka kwa maganizo ameneŵa okhala ndi boma la chipembedzo padziko lonse.” Matchalitchi Achikristu analephera kudzetsa mtendere ku Ulaya, ndiponso pa dziko lonse. Chomwe anthu ankaona kuti ndi Chikristu chinayamba kukayikiridwa ndi anthu ambiri. Kodi chinalakwika n’chiyani?

Anthu ambiri omwe ankati ndi alaliki a Chikristu anakopeka kuyamba ndale ali ndi zolinga zabwino, koma kenako anapezeka kuti aloŵerera m’ntchito zoipa. Martin Luther, yemwe anali mlaliki ndiponso anamasulirapo Baibulo, anatchuka chifukwa cha zomwe anachita zofuna kusintha Tchalitchi cha Katolika. Komabe, kutsutsa molimba mtima ziphunzitso za tchalitchi komwe iye ankachita kunapangitsa kuti anthu omwe ankafuna kugalukira pazifukwa zandale azimukonda. Anthu ambiri anasiya kum’patsa ulemu Luther pamene nayenso anayamba kufotokoza maganizo ake pankhani zandale. Poyambirira iye ankaikira kumbuyo anthu wamba amene anaukira anthu olemera omwe ankawapondereza. Kenako, oukirawo atayamba kuchita ziwawa, iye analimbikitsa anthu olemera aja kuti athetse zimenezi, ndipo iwo anaterodi mwa kupha anthu miyandamiyanda. N’zosadabwitsa kuti anthu wambawo anamuona kuti wawaukira. Luther analimbikitsanso anthu olemera pamene iwo ankagalukira mfumu yaikulu yomwenso inali Mkatolika. Ndipotu, Apulotesitanti, dzina lomwe anthu otsatira Luther anapatsidwa, anakhazikitsa gulu landale pamene kugalukirako kunkayamba. Kodi Luther anachita zotani chifukwa cha ulamuliro womwe anali nawo? Anachita zinthu zoipa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti poyamba sankagwirizana ndi zoti aliyense amene watsutsa chipembedzo amuumirize kutsatira maganizo awo, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi iye anayamba kulimbikitsa andale anzake kuti azipha mwa kuwotcha anthu omwe sankagwirizana ndi mchitidwe wobatiza makanda.

John Calvin anali mtsogoleri wachipembedzo wotchuka kwambiri ku Geneva, koma m’kupita kwa nthaŵi anakhala ndi ulamuliro waukulu pandale. Michael Servetus atafotokoza kuti m’Malemba mulibe za Utatu, Calvin anagwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro womwe anali nawo pandale kulimbikitsa kuti Servetus aphedwe, ndipo anamuwotcha pamtengo. Zimenezi zinatsutsana kwambiri ndi zimene Yesu anaphunzitsa!

N’kutheka kuti anthu ameneŵa anaiŵala zomwe Baibulo limanena pa 1 Yohane 5:19, kuti: “Dziko lonse lapansi ligona mwa woipayo.” Kodi iwo ankafunadi kuthandiza kuti ndale za m’nthaŵi yawo ziziyenda bwino, kapena anakopeka pofuna kukhala olamulira ndi kugwirizana ndi anthu otchuka omwe iwo ankawasirira? Mulimonsemo, anayenera kukumbukira mawu ouziridwa a Yakobo, yemwe anali wophunzira wa Yesu, akuti: “Kodi simudziŵa kuti ubwenzi wa  dziko lapansi uli udani ndi Mulungu? Potero iye amene afuna kukhala bwenzi la dziko lapansi adziika mdani wa Mulungu.” (Yakobo 4:4) Yakobo ankadziŵa kuti Yesu ananena mawu otsatiraŵa, okhudza omutsatira ake: “Sakhala a dziko lapansi, monga Ine sindikhala wa dziko lapansi.”​—Yohane 17:14.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amazindikira kuti Akristu sayenera kuchita nawo zinthu zoipa za m’dzikoli, iwo amatsutsa zoti Akristu asamaloŵerere m’nkhani za ndale, komwe ndi ‘kusakhaladi a dziko lapansi.’ Iwo amati kusaloŵerera m’ndale kumeneko kumalepheretsa Akristu kusonyeza chikondi chawo kwa ena. Amakhulupirira kuti atsogoleri a zipembedzo ayenera kulankhulapo ndiponso kuthandiza nawo pothetsa ziphuphu ndiponso kusoŵeka chilungamo. Koma kodi kusakhala wa dziko lapansi kumene Yesu anaphunzitsa sikuyendera limodzi ndi kudera nkhaŵa anthu ena? Kodi n’zotheka Mkristu kupeŵa nkhani za ndale zomwe zimagaŵanitsa anthu koma n’kumathandiza anthu ena bwinobwino? Nkhani yotsatirayi ikuyankha mafunso ameneŵa.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 4]

Atsogoleri a zipembedzo analola kuchita mapangano ndi olamulira, monga mfumu Constantine, n’cholinga choti awapatse ulamuliro pandale

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Musée du Louvre, Paris

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N’chifukwa chiyani atsogoleri otchuka kwambiri a zipembedzo anakopeka ndi ndale?

Augustine

Luther

Calvin

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Augustine: ICCD Photo; Calvin: Portrait by Holbein, from the book The History of Protestantism (Vol. II)