Ndani Adzaukitsidwe?

“Musazizwe ndi ichi, kuti ikudza nthawi, imene onse ali m’manda adzamva mawu ake, nadzatulukira.”​—YOHANE 5:28, 29.

1. Kodi Mose anamva mawu ochititsa chidwi otani pa chitsamba choyaka, ndipo ndani amene anadzatchulanso mawu amenewa m’tsogolo mwake?

CHINTHU chinachake chodabwitsa kwambiri chinachitika zaka zopitirira 3,500 zapitazo. Mose ankadyetsa nkhosa za kholo lakale, Yetero. Kufupi ndi phiri la Horebu, mngelo wa Yehova anaonekera kwa Mose m’lawi la moto pakati pa chitsamba. Nkhani ya m’buku la Eksodo imati: “Anapenya, ndipo tawonani, chitsamba chilikuyaka moto, koma chosanyeka chitsambacho.” Kenaka anamva mawu kuchokera pachitsambapo, omuuza kuti: “Ine ndine Mulungu wa atate wako, Mulungu wa Abrahamu, Mulungu wa Isake, ndi Mulungu wa Yakobo.” (Eksodo 3:1-6) Nthawi ina patsogolo pake, m’zaka 100 zoyambirira, mawu amenewa anatchulidwa ndi Yesu, mwana wa Mulungu.

2, 3. (a) Kodi pali chiyembekezo chotani kwa Abrahamu, Isake, ndi Yakobo? (b) Kodi ndi mafunso otani amene tingadzifunse pankhaniyi?

² Yesu anali kukambirana ndi Asaduki, ndipo iwowa sankakhulupirira za kuuka kwa akufa. Yesu anati: “Za kuti anthu akufa auka, anasonyeza ngakhale Mose, pa Chitsamba chija, pamene iye am’tchulira Ambuye, Mulungu wa Abrahamu, ndi Mulungu wa Isake, ndi Mulungu wa Yakobo. Ndipo Iye sakhala Mulungu wa akufa, koma wa amoyo: pakuti anthu onse [amenewa] akhala ndi moyo kwa Iye.” (Luka 20:27, 37, 38) Potchula mawu amenewo, Yesu anatsimikizira kuti kwa Mulungu, ngakhale kuti Abrahamu, Isake, ndi Yakobo anafa kalekale, iwowa anali a moyo m’chikumbumtima Chake. Monga Yobu, iwowa akudikira mapeto a “nkhondo” yawo, kapena kuti mapeto a tulo tawo taimfa. (Yobu 14:14) M’dziko latsopano la Mulungu anthuwa adzaukitsidwa.

³ Komano, bwanji za anthu osawerengeka amene akhala akufa m’mbiri yonse ya anthu? Kodi nawonso adzaukitsidwanso? Tisanapeze yankho logwira mtima la funso limeneli, tiyeni tione kaye zimene Mawu a Mulungu amanena pankhani ya kumene anthu amapita akamwalira.

Akufa Ali Kuti?

4. (a) Kodi anthu amapita kuti akamwalira? Kodi Sheol n’chiyani?

⁴ Baibulo limanena kuti akufa “sadziwa kanthu bi.” Munthu akafa sazunzika ku moto wa helo, kapena kuimikidwa ku Limbo n’kumavutika ndi moyo womangodikirira. Zoona n’zakuti munthu akafa amangobwerera kufumbi basi. Munthu akamwalira amapita ku manda a anthu  onse akufa, amene pa Chihebri amati Sheol. * Motero, Mawu a Mulungu amalangiza anthu amoyo kuti: “Chili chonse dzanja lako lichipeza kuchichita, uchichite ndi mphamvu yako; pakuti mulibe ntchito ngakhale kulingirira ngakhale kudziwa, ngakhale nzeru, kumanda ulikupitako.” (Mlaliki 9:5, 10; Genesis 3:19) Zipembedzo zambiri zimaphunzitsa kuti anthu akufa kwenikweni adakali moyo, koma Mawu ouziridwa a Mulungu amasonyeza kuti anthu amene ali m’manda, n’ngakufa, sadziwa chilichonse.

5, 6. Kodi Yakobo anapita kuti atamwalira ndipo kodi kumeneku anakakhala pamodzi ndi ndani?

⁵ M’Baibulo, malo oyamba kutchulapo za manda a anthu onse akufa ndi pa Genesis 37:35. Poganiza kuti mwana wake wokondedwa Yosefe wafa, Yakobo, anakana kutonthozedwa, n’kunena kuti: “Ndidzatsikira kumanda kwa mwana wanga, ndilinkulirabe.” Pokhulupirira kuti mwana wake wamwalira, Yakobo anafunanso kufa n’kupita kumanda a anthu onse akufa. Pambuyo pake, ana naini aakulu a Yakobo anafuna kutenga Benjamini, chitsiriza cha Yakobo, kupita naye ku Aigupto pofuna kukathandizika pankhani ya chilala. Koma Yakobo anakana, n’kunena kuti: “Mwana wanga sadzatsikira ndi inu, chifukwa kuti mkulu wake wafa, ndipo watsala iye yekha; ngati choipa chikam’gwera iye m’njira mmene mupitamo, inu mudzatsitsira ndi chisoni imvi zanga kumanda.” (Genesis 42:36, 38) Malemba awiriwa akutchula manda a anthu onse akufa, kapena kuti Sheol mogwirizana ndi imfa, osati moyo winawake wa pambuyo pa imfa.

⁶ Nkhani ya m’buku la Genesis imafotokoza kuti Yosefe anadzakhala woyang’anira chakudya mu Aigupto. Motero, Yakobo anatha kupita ku Aigupto n’kukakumananso ndi Yosefe, zomwe zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, Yakobo anakhala m’dzikomo mpaka pamene anamwalira atakalamba kwambiri, ali ndi zaka 147. Pomvera zimene Yakobo ananena asanamwalire, ana ake anatenga mtembo wake n’kukauika m’phanga la Makipela m’dziko la Kanani. (Genesis 47:28; 49:29-31; 50:12, 13) Motero, Yakobo anakakhala pamodzi ndi Isake bambo ake, ndiponso Abrahamu, agogo ake.

‘Kutengedwa Kukakhala ndi Makolo Awo’

7, 8. (a) Kodi Abrahamu anapita kuti atamwalira? Longosolani. (b) Kodi n’chiyani chimasonyeza kuti anthu enanso atamwalira anapita ku manda a anthu onse akufa?

⁷ M’mbuyo mwake zimenezi zisanachitike, pamene Yehova anatsimikizira pangano lake ndi Abrahamu n’kumulonjeza kuti mbewu yake idzachuluka, anamuuza Abrahamu zimene zidzam’chitikire. Yehova anati: “Udzanka kwa makolo ako m’mtendere; nudzaikidwa ndi ukalamba wabwino.” (Genesis 15:15) Ndipo zimenezi n’zimene zinachitikadi. Lemba la Genesis 25:8 limati: “Ndipo Abrahamu anamwalira, nafa m’ukalamba wake wabwino, nkhalamba ya zaka zambiri; natengedwa akhale ndi a mtundu wake.” Kodi anthu a mtundu wakewa anali ndani? Lemba la Genesis 11:10-26 limalemba ndondomeko ya makolo akale a Abrahamu mpaka kukafika pa mwana wa Nowa, Semu. Motero, Abrahamu atamwalira, anatengedwa kukakhala ndi anthu amenewa, omwe anali atagona ku Sheol kapena kuti manda a anthu onse akufa.

⁸ Mawu okhala ndi mfundo yakuti anthu enaake anatengedwa ‘kukakhala ndi a mtundu wawo’ amapezeka nthawi zambiri m’Malemba Achihebri. Motero, n’zomveka kunena kuti Ismayeli, mwana wa Abrahamu, atamwalira anapita ku manda a anthu onse akufa kukadikirira kuuka kwa akufa, ndipo zilinso chimodzimodzi ndi Aroni, mkulu wake wa Mose. (Genesis 25:17; Numeri 20:23-29) Moteronso, Mose anapita ku manda a anthu onse akufa, ngakhale kuti palibe akudziwa manda enieni amene Mose anaikidwamo. (Numeri 27:13; Deuteronomo 34:5, 6) Chimodzimodzinso Yoswa, amene analowa m’malo mwa Mose kukhala mtsogoleri wa Aisrayeli, iyeyu pamodzinso ndi mbadwo wathunthu wa anthu, nawonso atamwalira anapita ku manda a anthu onse akufa.​—Oweruza 2:8-10.

9. (a) Kodi Baibulo limasonyeza bwanji kuti mawu a Chihebri akuti “Sheol” ndi mawu a Chigiriki akuti “Hade” amaimira malo amodzi omwewo? (b) Kodi anthu amene ali mu Sheol, kapena kuti Hade amayembekezera chiyani?

⁹ Patapita zaka zochuluka, Davide anakhala  mfumu ya mafuko 12 a Aisrayeli. Iyeyu atamwalira “anagona pamodzi ndi makolo ake.” (1 Mafumu 2:10) Kodi nayenso anapita ku manda a anthu onse akufa? N’zochititsa chidwi kuti pa tsiku la Pentekoste mu 33 C.E., mtumwi Petro anatchulapo za imfa ya Davide n’kugwira mawu a pa Salmo 16:10 akuti: “Simudzasiya moyo wanga kumanda.” Atanena kuti Davide anali adakali m’manda ake, Petro anagwiritsira ntchito mawu omwewa ponena za Yesu ndipo anasonyeza kuti Davide “pakuona ichi kale, analankhula za kuuka kwa Kristu, kuti sanasiyidwa m’Hade, ndipo thupi lake silinaona chivunde. Yesu ameneyo, Mulungu anamuukitsa; za ichi tili mboni ife.” (Machitidwe 2:29-32) Apa Petro anatchula mawu a Chigiriki akuti “Hade” amene pa Chihebri ndi “Sheol.” Motero anthu onse amene amanenedwa kuti ali mu Hade amakhala chimodzimodzi ndi anthu amene ali mu Sheol, kapena kuti m’manda a anthu onse akufa. Anthuwa ali mtulo, kuyembekezera kudzaukitsidwa pa kuuka kwa akufa.

Kodi M’Sheol Mulinso Anthu Osalungama?

10, 11. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti anthu ena osalungama akamwalira amapita ku Sheol, kapena kuti Hade?

¹⁰ Mose atatulutsa Aisrayeli mu Aigupto, anthu ena anam’galukira m’chipululu. Mose anauza anthu ena onse kuti adzipatule kwa Kora, Datani, ndi Abiramu omwe anatsogolera kugalukiraku. Imfa yadzidzidzi inali ikuwadikira. Mose analongosola kuti: “Akafa anthu awa monga amafa anthu onse, kapena akasungika monga amasungika anthu onse, Yehova sananditumiza ine. Koma Yehova akalenga chinthu chatsopano, ndi nthaka ikayasama pakamwa pake, nikawameza ndi zonse ali nazo, nakatsikira iwo kumanda ali ndi moyo; pamenepo mudzadziwa kuti anthu awa anyoza Mulungu.” (Numeri 16:29, 30) Motero kaya anafa mochita kumezedwa ndi nthaka yoyasama kapena mochita kutenthedwa ndi moto monga anachitira Kora ndi Alevi 250 amene anali kumbali yake, anthu ogalukira onsewa anapita m’manda a anthu onse akufa otchedwa Sheol, kapena kuti Hade.​—Numeri 26:10

¹¹ Simei, munthu yemwe anatemberera Mfumu Davide, analangidwa ndi Solomo, amene anadzalowa m’malo mwa Davide. Davide anauza Solomo kuti: ‘Osamuyesa iye wosachimwa, popeza ndiwe munthu wanzeru, ndipo udziwa umo uyenera kum’chitira iye, nutsitsire mutu wake waimvi ndi mwazi kumanda.’ Solomo anatuma Benaya kuti akapereke chilangocho. (1 Mafumu 2:8, 9, 44-46) Munthu winanso amene anaphedwa ndi Benaya anali mkulu wa asilikali wakale wa Israyeli, dzina lake Yoabu. Iyeyu mutu wake waimvi ‘sunatsikire kumanda ndi mtendere.’ (1 Mafumu 2:5, 6, 28-34) Zitsanzo ziwiri zonsezi zikuikira umboni mawu a Davide otsatirawa, m’nyimbo yake youziridwa: “Oipawo adzabwerera kumanda, inde amitundu onse akuiwala Mulungu.”​—Salmo 9:17.

12. Kodi Ahitofeli anali ndani, ndipo kodi atamwalira anapita kuti?

¹² Ahitofeli anali mlangizi wa Davide. Anthu ankaona malangizo ake kuti n’ngofunika kwambiri ngati kuti akuchokera kwa Yehova amene. (2 Samueli 16:23) N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti mtumiki wokhulupiridwa ameneyu anam’yenda pansi Davide n’kulowa m’gulu logalukira, lomwe mtsogoleri wake anali Abisalomu, mwana  wa Davide. Zikuoneka kuti Davide ankanena za kupanduka kumeneku pamene analemba mawu akuti: “Si mdani amene ananditonzayo; pakadatero ndikadachilola: Amene anadzikuza pa ine sindiye munthu wondida; pakadatero ndikadam’bisalira.” Davide anapitiriza kuti: “Imfa iwagwere modzidzimutsa, atsikire kumanda ali amoyo: Pakuti m’mokhala mwawo muli zoipa pakati pawo.” (Salmo 55:12-15) Atamwalira, Ahitofeli ndi anzake anapita ku manda a anthu onse akufa, kapena kuti ku Sheol.

Kodi Ndani Ali ku Gehena?

13. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani Yudasi amatchedwa “mwana wa chitayiko”?

¹³ Tayerekezerani zimene anaona Davide zija ndi zimene anaona Yesu, yemwe ali Davide Wamkulu. Mmodzi wa atumwi ake 12, dzina lake Yudasi Isikariote, anam’pereka Kristuyo monga Ahitofeli anachitira ndi Davide. Koma zimene anachita Yudasizi zinali zoopsa kwambiri kuposa zimene anachita Ahitofeli. Yudasi anapereka Mwana wobadwa yekha wa Mulungu. Popemphera, chakumapeto kwa utumiki wake wa padziko lapansi, Mwana wa Mulunguyu anatchulapo izi ponena za anthu om’tsatira: “Pamene ndinakhala nawo, Ine ndinalikuwasunga iwo m’dzina lanu amene mwandipatsa Ine; ndipo ndinawasunga, ndipo sanatayika mmodzi yense wa iwo, koma mwana wa chitayiko, kuti lembo likwaniridwe.” (Yohane 17:12) Ponena kuti Yudasi ndi “mwana wa chitayiko,” Yesu anasonyeza kuti Yudasi atamwalira, panalibe chiyembekezo chilichonse choti adzaukitsidwa. Yudasi sanakhale m’chikumbumtima cha Mulungu. Motero sanapite ku manda a anthu onse akufa ku Sheol, koma anapita ku Gehena. Kodi Gehena n’chiyani?

14. Kodi Gehena amaimira chiyani?

¹⁴ Yesu anawanena atsogoleri a chipembedzo a panthawi yake chifukwa choti munthu aliyense yemwe iwo atembenuza anali kukhala “mwana wa gehena.” (Mateyu 23:15) Panthawiyo, anthu ankachidziwa bwino Chigwa cha Hinomu, chomwe chinali malo otayirako zinyalala komwe ankaponyako mitembo ya anthu oswa lamulo, omwe amaonedwa kuti sanali oyenera kuikidwa m’manda. M’mbuyomo, Yesu anali atatchulaponso za Gehena pa Ulaliki wake wa pa Phiri. (Mateyu 5:29, 30) Anthu amene amamvetsera ulalikiwu ankadziwa bwino tanthauzo lophiphiritsira la Gehena. Gehena ankaimira imfa yopanda chiyembekezo chilichonse chodzaukitsidwa. Kodi kupatulapo Yudasi Isikariote wa m’nthawi ya Yesu, aliponso anthu ena amene atamwalira anapita ku Gehena osati ku manda a anthu onse akufa, otchedwa Sheol, kapena kuti Hade?

15, 16. Kodi ndi ayani amene anapita ku Gehena atamwalira, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani anapita kumeneko?

¹⁵ Anthu oyamba, Adamu ndi Hava, analengedwa angwiro moti anachita kuchimwira dala. Iwo anali ndi ufulu wosankha pakati pa moyo wosatha ndi imfa yosatha. Komano anasankha kumvera Satana osati Mulungu. Ndiyeno atamwalira,  analibe chiyembekezo chilichonse chodzapindula nawo ndi nsembe ya dipo ya Kristu. M’malo mwake, iwowa anapita ku Gehena.

¹⁶ Kaini, mwana woyamba wa Adamu, anapha mng’ono wake Abele kenaka n’kuthawa kukakhala kwina. Mtumwi Yohane ananena kuti Kaini “anali wochokera mwa woipayo.” (1 Yohane 3:12) M’pomveka kunena kuti atamwalira, Kaini anapita ku Gehena monga anachitira makolo ake. (Mateyu 23:33, 35) Zimenezitu n’zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene zinam’chitikira Abele wolungama. Paulo anati: “Ndi chikhulupiriro Abele anapereka kwa Mulungu nsembe yoposa ija ya Kaini, amene anachitidwa umboni nayo kuti anali wolungama; nachitapo umboni Mulungu pa mitulo yake.” Ndipo anawonjezera kuti: “Ndipo momwemo iye, angakhale adafa alankhulabe.” (Ahebri 11:4) Inde, pakali pano Abele ali m’manda a anthu onse akufa, kudikirira kuuka kwa akufa.

Kuuka “Koyamba” ndi Kuuka “Koposa”

17. (a) Kodi m’masiku a mapeto ano ndani amapita ku Sheol? (b) Kodi anthu amene ali ku Sheol ali ndi tsogolo lotani, nanga bwanji za amene ali ku Gehena?

¹⁷ Anthu ambiri amene awerenge nkhani ino azidzifunsa kuti nanga bwanji za anthu amene akufa panthawi ya mapeto ino? (Danieli 8:19) M’chaputala 6 cha buku la Chivumbulutso, Baibulo limafotokoza za apakavalo anayi a m’nthawi ya mapeto ino. N’zochititsa chidwi kuti wapakavalo wotsiriza, dzina lake ndi Imfa, ndipo wom’tsata wake ndi Hade. Motero anthu ambiri amene amafa masiku ano chifukwa cha zochitika zophiphiritsidwa ndi apakavalo amenewa amapita ku Hade, n’kumadikirira kudzaukitsidwa m’dziko latsopano la Mulungu. (Chivumbulutso 6:8) Nangano kodi tingati anthu amene ali mu Sheol (Hade) ndiponso amene ali mu Gehena tsogolo lawo n’lotani makamaka? Mwachidule tinganene kuti amene ali mu Sheol akuyembekezera kudzaukitsidwa, koma amene ali mu Gehena kwawo kunatha basi, anawonongeka ndipo sadzakhalanso ndi moyo mpakana muyaya.

18. Kodi pali chiyembekezo chotani kwa amene adzaukitsidwe pa “kuuka koyamba”?

¹⁸ Mtumwi Yohane analemba kuti: “Wodala ndi woyera mtima ali iye amene achita nawo pa kuuka koyamba; pa iwowa imfa yachiwiri ilibe ulamuliro; komatu adzakhala ansembe a Mulungu ndi a Kristu, nadzachita ufumu pamodzi ndi Iye zaka chikwizo.” Amene adzalamulire ndi Kristu adzaukitsidwa nawo pa “kuuka koyamba,” komano kodi pali chiyembekezo chotani kwa anthu ena onse.​—Chivumbulutso 20:6.

19. Kodi anthu ena adzapindula bwanji ndi “kuuka koposa.”

¹⁹ Anthu anakhala akuukitsidwa mozizwitsa kungoyambira m’masiku a Eliya ndi Elisa, omwe anali atumiki a Mulungu. Paulo anati: “Akazi analandira akufa awo mwa kuuka kwa akufa; ndipo ena anakwapulidwa, osalola kuwomboledwa, kuti akalandire kuuka koposa.” Inde, anthu okhulupirikawa ankayembekezera kudzaukitsidwa, n’kudzakhala ndi moyo wosatha, osati moyo wa zaka zingapo chabe ayi. Ndithu kumeneku kudzakhaladi “kuuka koposa.”​—Ahebri 11:35, 36.

20. Kodi nkhani yotsatirayi ilongosola chiyani?

²⁰ Tikamwalira tili okhulupirika Yehova asanathetse dongosolo loipali la zinthu, mosakayika tingayembekezere “kuuka koposa,” ndipo n’koposa chifukwa choti n’kuuka kopatsa chiyembekezo cha moyo wosatha. Yesu analonjeza kuti: “Musazizwe ndi ichi, kuti ikudza nthawi, imene onse ali m’manda adzamva mawu ake, nadzatulukira.” (Yohane 5:28, 29) Nkhani yotsatirayi ilongosola chifukwa chimene akufa adzaukitsidwire. Isonyeza mmene chiyembekezochi chimatilimbikitsira kukhala okhulupirika ndiponso kutithandiza kukhala ndi mzimu wololera kuvutikira ena.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

Kodi Mukukumbukira?

• N’chifukwa chiyani Baibulo limati Yehova ndi Mulungu “wa amoyo”?

• Kodi anthu amene ali mu Sheol ali mumkhalidwe wotani?

• Kodi anthu amene ali mu Gehena ali ndi tsogolo lotani?

• Kodi anthu ena adzapindula bwanji ndi “kuuka koposa”?

[Mafunso]

[Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Monga Abrahamu, anthu amene amapita ku Sheol amayembekezera kuukitsidwa

[Zithunzi patsamba 16]

N’chifukwa chiyani Adamu, Hava, Kaini, ndiponso Yudasi Isikariote anapita ku Gehena?