Kodi Mgwirizano wa Padziko Lonse Ukuvutira Pati?

“Aka n’koyamba kuti padziko lonse pakhale mgwirizano, chithereni nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. . . . Motero dziko lonse litengerepo mwayi wokwaniritsa lonjezo limene takhala tikuliyembekezera kwa nthawi yaitali loti zinthu zisintha padziko lonse.”

AMENE ananena zimenezi ndi pulezidenti wina wa dziko la United States cha m’ma 1990. Panthawiyo kayendedwe ka zinthu padziko lonse kankaonetsa kuti mgwirizano wa padziko lonse wayandikira. Maboma ena ankhanza anali kutha. Khoma la mu mzinda wa Berlin limene linagawa dziko la Germany analigumula, ndipo izi zinasonyeza kuti zinthu zasintha ku Ulaya. Boma la Soviet Union, lomwe mayiko ambiri odana ndi ulamuliro wa Chikomyunizimu ankaliona kuti ndilo mvundulamadzi, linatha mosadziwika bwino ndipo izi zinadabwitsa anthu padziko lonse. Chidani chachikulu pakati pa dziko la America ndi la Soviet Union chinatha, ndipo kunkamveka kuti ntchito yowononga zida zoopsa, kuphatikizapo zida za nyukiliya itheka. Ngakhale kuti ku Persian Gulf kunabuka nkhondo, anthu sanaone ngati ndi vuto lalikulu komanso nkhondoyo inangochititsa kuti mayiko ena onse atsimikize mtima kwambiri zokhazikitsa mtendere.

Zinthu zinkayenda bwino pankhani za ndale komanso nkhani zina. M’mayiko ambiri, moyo wa anthu unayamba kutukuka. Kupita patsogolo kwa zachipatala kunachititsa kuti madokotala azithandiza anthu m’njira zotsogola, zimene m’mbuyomo zinali zosati n’kuziganizirako n’komwe. M’mayiko ambiri nkhani zachuma zinayamba kuyenda bwino kwambiri moti zinkaoneka kuti dziko lonse lilemera. Panthawiyi dzikoli linkaoneka kuti likupita kwabwino.

Komano ngakhale kuti apa m’posachedwa pompa, funso limene aliyense sangalephere kudzifunsa panopo n’lakuti: ‘Nanga zinthu zinavutira pati? Kodi mgwirizano wa padziko lonse umene unalonjezedwa uja uli kuti?’ Chifukwatu kunena zoona, kumene dzikoli likupita panopa, sikwabwino ayi. Nkhani zotchuka zofalitsidwa masiku ano zimakhala za anthu ofera limodzi ndi adani awo podziphulitsa ndi bomba, zoopsa zochitidwa ndi zigawenga,  kufalikira kwa zida zopha anthu ambiri nthawi imodzi, ndiponso nkhani zina zoziziritsa nkhongono. Zinthu zimenezi zikuoneka kuti zikungothamangitsira kutali mgwirizano wa padziko lonsewu. Katswiri wina wotchuka wa zachuma posachedwapa anati: “Zachiwawa zachuluka kwambiri moti zikuchititsanso zachiwawa zina zoopsa koposa.”

Kodi ndi Mgwirizanodi Kapena N’kugawikana?

Bungwe la United Nations litakhazikitsidwa, cholinga chimodzi chimene anatchula kuti likwaniritsa chinali “kugwirizanitsa mayiko potsatira mfundo yakuti mayikowo azikhala ndi ufulu wofanana ndiponso ufulu wochita zimene akufuna.” Tsopano, patha zaka 60, komano kodi cholinga chabwinochi chakwaniritsidwa? Ayi ndithu. M’malo moganizira kwambiri mfundo yoti “mayiko onse akhale pa mgwirizano” ija, zikuoneka kuti mayiko akuganizira kwambiri mfundo yokhala ndi “ufulu wochita zimene akufuna” ija. Mitundu ndi mafuko osiyanasiyana a anthu ofuna kuchoka m’khwapa mwa maulamuliro ena akhala akugawanitsa kwambiri dzikoli. Mmene ankakhazikitsa bungwe la United Nations, bungweli linali ndi mayiko 51. Panopa lili ndi mayiko 191.

Monga taonera, cha kumapeto kwa m’ma 1990, mgwirizano wa padziko lonse unkaoneka kuti utheka. Koma kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu akhumudwa poona kugawikana kumene kwakhalapo padziko lonse. Nkhondo ya ku Yugoslavia, nkhondo ya pakati pa dziko la Chechnya ndi Russia, ndiponso nkhondo ya ku Iraq, kuphatikizaponso anthu ambirimbiri amene akupululuka ku Middle East, zikusonyeza poyera kuti padziko lonse pali kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwabasi.

N’zosakayikitsa kuti nthawi zambiri atsogoleri akhala akufunadi moona mtima kukhazikitsa mtendere pa zifukwa zabwino. Komabe ngakhale atero, zikuoneka kuti mgwirizano wa padziko lonse sutheka ayi. Motero, anthu ambiri amadabwa kuti: ‘N’chifukwa chiyani mgwirizano wa padziko lonse sukutheka? Kodi dzikoli likupita kuti makamaka?’

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 3]

AP Photo/​Lionel Cironneau

Arlo K. Abrahamson/​AFP/​Getty Images